|
111 | 111 | \node[below] at ( 5.5,0.8) {$n_B=0\rightarrow\vert 0 \rangle_B$}; |
112 | 112 | \node[below] at (-5.5,1.8) {$n_A=1\rightarrow\vert 1 \rangle_A$}; |
113 | 113 | \node[below] at ( 5.5,1.8) {$n_B=1\rightarrow\vert 1 \rangle_B$}; |
114 | | -\node[below] at (-5.5,2.8) {$n_A=2\rightarrow\vert 2 \rangle_A$$}; |
115 | | -\node[below] at ( 5.5,2.8) {$n_B=2\rightarrow\vert 2 \rangle_B$$}; |
| 114 | +\node[below] at (-5.5,2.8) {$n_A=2\rightarrow\vert 2 \rangle_A$}; |
| 115 | +\node[below] at ( 5.5,2.8) {$n_B=2\rightarrow\vert 2 \rangle_B$}; |
116 | 116 | \node[below] at (-5.5,3.8) {$\dots$}; |
117 | 117 | \node[below] at ( 5.5,3.8) {$\dots$}; |
118 | 118 |
|
119 | 119 | \end{tikzpicture} |
120 | 120 |
|
121 | 121 |
|
122 | 122 |
|
| 123 | +\begin{tikzpicture}[ |
| 124 | + x=1cm,y=1cm, |
| 125 | + >=Latex, |
| 126 | + font=\small, |
| 127 | + deco/.style={decorate,decoration={snake,amplitude=0.8mm,segment length=3.2mm}}, |
| 128 | + garr/.style={->,very thick,draw=gray!60}, |
| 129 | + kappaar/.style={<->,very thick,draw=gray!60} |
| 130 | +] |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | +% ----------------------- |
| 133 | +% Base: Si substrate + helium basin |
| 134 | +% ----------------------- |
| 135 | +% Si blocks (left/right) |
| 136 | +\fill[gray!45] (-0.2,0.0) rectangle (1.8,1.2); |
| 137 | +\fill[gray!45] (8.2,0.0) rectangle (10.2,1.2); |
| 138 | + |
| 139 | +% Basin side walls + bottom (blue outline) |
| 140 | +\fill[blue!55] (1.8,0.55) rectangle (8.2,0.65); % thin ledge |
| 141 | +\fill[blue!55] (2.2,0.35) rectangle (7.8,0.55); % inner ledge |
| 142 | +\fill[blue!55] (2.2,0.35) rectangle (2.35,0.95); % left inner wall |
| 143 | +\fill[blue!55] (7.65,0.35) rectangle (7.8,0.95); % right inner wall |
| 144 | +\fill[blue!55] (2.35,0.35) rectangle (7.65,0.45); % bottom wall |
| 145 | + |
| 146 | +% Liquid helium region (white interior with label) |
| 147 | +\fill[white] (2.35,0.45) rectangle (7.65,0.95); |
| 148 | +\node[font=\bfseries\large] at (5.0,0.72) {Liquid He}; |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | +% Si labels |
| 151 | +\node[font=\bfseries\large] at (0.8,0.65) {Si}; |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +% Top gold pads on Si (cavity couplers) |
| 154 | +\fill[yellow!70!orange] (0.25,1.10) rectangle (1.55,1.22); |
| 155 | +\fill[yellow!70!orange] (8.45,1.10) rectangle (9.75,1.22); |
| 156 | + |
| 157 | +% Electrode pads 1--7 along the basin floor edge |
| 158 | +% (small gold rectangles sitting on the ledge) |
| 159 | +\foreach \i/\x in {1/2.45,2/3.20,3/3.95,4/4.70,5/5.45,6/6.20,7/6.95}{ |
| 160 | + \fill[yellow!70!orange] (\x,0.55) rectangle (\x+0.55,0.65); |
| 161 | + \node[font=\small] at (\x+0.28,0.18) {\i}; |
| 162 | +} |
| 163 | +% ----------------------- |
| 164 | +% Cavity labels (slanted) |
| 165 | +% ----------------------- |
| 166 | +\node[rotate=28, font=\Large] at (0.8,2.55) {Microwave}; |
| 167 | +\node[rotate=28, font=\Large] at (1.05,2.05) {cavity 1}; |
| 168 | + |
| 169 | +\node[rotate=-28, font=\Large] at (9.2,2.55) {Microwave}; |
| 170 | +\node[rotate=-28, font=\Large] at (8.95,2.05) {cavity 2}; |
| 171 | +% ----------------------- |
| 172 | +% Electron sketches (double wells) + wavefunctions |
| 173 | +% ----------------------- |
| 174 | +% Left "potential well" curve |
| 175 | +\draw[very thick] |
| 176 | + (3.0,3.0) .. controls (3.6,1.7) and (4.1,1.7) .. (4.7,3.0) |
| 177 | + .. controls (5.0,3.7) and (5.25,3.9) .. (5.35,4.1); |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +% Right "potential well" curve |
| 180 | +\draw[very thick] |
| 181 | + (6.1,3.0) .. controls (6.7,1.7) and (7.2,1.7) .. (7.8,3.0) |
| 182 | + .. controls (8.1,3.7) and (8.35,3.9) .. (8.45,4.1); |
| 183 | + |
| 184 | +% Colored wavy "states" (approximate) |
| 185 | +\draw[deco,red, line width=1.2pt] (3.35,3.45) -- (4.35,3.45); |
| 186 | +\draw[deco,orange,line width=1.2pt] (3.50,3.05) -- (4.50,3.05); |
| 187 | +\draw[deco,blue, line width=1.2pt] (3.55,2.65) -- (4.55,2.65); |
| 188 | +\draw[deco,green!60!black,line width=1.2pt] (6.65,3.05) -- (7.65,3.05); |
| 189 | +\draw[deco,blue, line width=1.2pt] (6.75,2.65) -- (7.75,2.65); |
| 190 | + |
| 191 | +% Electron labels |
| 192 | +\node[font=\large] at (3.95,3.20) {$e^{-}$}; |
| 193 | +\node[font=\large] at (7.25,3.20) {$e^{-}$}; |
| 194 | + |
| 195 | +% ----------------------- |
| 196 | +% Coupling arrows g and kappa |
| 197 | +% ----------------------- |
| 198 | +% g arrows to cavities |
| 199 | +\draw[garr] (3.6,2.35) .. controls (2.6,2.0) and (1.8,1.9) .. (1.1,1.35); |
| 200 | +\node[font=\Large] at (2.25,2.00) {$g$}; |
| 201 | + |
| 202 | +\draw[garr] (7.7,2.35) .. controls (8.7,2.0) and (9.3,1.9) .. (9.0,1.35); |
| 203 | +\node[font=\Large] at (8.65,2.00) {$g$}; |
| 204 | + |
| 205 | +% kappa between electrons |
| 206 | +\draw[kappaar] (4.65,2.55) .. controls (5.2,2.35) and (5.8,2.35) .. (6.35,2.55); |
| 207 | +\node[font=\Large] at (5.5,2.35) {$\kappa$}; |
| 208 | + |
| 209 | +\end{tikzpicture} |
| 210 | + |
| 211 | + |
| 212 | +\resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{% |
| 213 | +\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.03077\linewidth, y=0.03077\linewidth, every node/.style={font=\footnotesize}] |
| 214 | + % Coordinates for electrons |
| 215 | + \coordinate (eL) at (-3,4); |
| 216 | + \coordinate (eR) at (3,4); |
| 217 | + % Silicon substrate (gray region) |
| 218 | + \fill[gray!30] (-13,-8) rectangle (13,0); |
| 219 | + % Liquid helium basin (white fill) with curved walls (blue outline) |
| 220 | + \fill[white, rounded corners=2] (-10,4) -- (-10,0) -- (10,0) -- (10,4) -- cycle; |
| 221 | + \draw[blue, line width=0.6pt, rounded corners=2] (-10,4) -- (-10,0) -- (10,0) -- (10,4); |
| 222 | + % Control electrodes 1–7 (gold rectangles) |
| 223 | + \foreach \x in {-9,-6,-3,0,3,6,9} { |
| 224 | + \fill[orange!80!yellow] (\x-0.5,0) rectangle (\x+0.5,0.5); |
| 225 | + } |
| 226 | + % Double-well potential curve with quantized levels |
| 227 | + \draw[thick] plot[smooth, tension=0.8] coordinates {(-10,3.5) (-6,2) (-3,0.5) (0,3) (3,0.5) (6,2) (10,3.5)}; |
| 228 | + \foreach \y in {1.0,1.8,2.4} { |
| 229 | + \draw (-4,\y) -- (-2,\y); |
| 230 | + \draw (2,\y) -- (4,\y); |
| 231 | + } |
| 232 | +\fill (eL) circle (1.2pt); |
| 233 | +\fill (eR) circle (1.2pt); |
| 234 | +\node[above=1pt] at (eL) {$e^{-}$}; |
| 235 | +\node[above=1pt] at (eR) {$e^{-}$}; |
| 236 | +% Coulomb coupling (kappa) between electrons |
| 237 | +\draw[<->] ($(eL)+(0,-0.2)$) -- ($(eR)+(0,-0.2)$) node[midway, above] {$\kappa$}; |
| 238 | +% Dipole coupling (g) from each electron to its microwave cavity |
| 239 | +\draw[<->] ($(eL)+(0.1,-0.1)$) -- (-10,1.5) node[midway, above] {$g$}; |
| 240 | +\draw[<->] ($(eR)+(-0.1,-0.1)$) -- (10,1.5) node[midway, above] {$g$}; |
| 241 | +% Microwave cavity pads (gold rectangles) and labels |
| 242 | +\fill[orange!80!yellow] (-12,0) rectangle (-10,3); |
| 243 | +\fill[orange!80!yellow] (10,0) rectangle (12,3); |
| 244 | +\node[anchor=east] at (-12,1.5) {Microwave cavity 1}; |
| 245 | +\node[anchor=west] at (12,1.5) {Microwave cavity 2}; |
| 246 | +% Electrode labels 1–7 |
| 247 | +\node at (-9,-0.3) {1}; |
| 248 | +\node at (-6,-0.3) {2}; |
| 249 | +\node at (-3,-0.3) {3}; |
| 250 | +\node at (0,-0.3) {4}; |
| 251 | +\node at (3,-0.3) {5}; |
| 252 | +\node at (6,-0.3) {6}; |
| 253 | +\node at (9,-0.3) {7}; |
| 254 | +% Material labels and coordinate axes |
| 255 | +\node at (-8,-4) {Si}; |
| 256 | +\node at (-7,2.5) {Liquid He}; |
| 257 | +\draw[->] (-12,-9) -- (-10,-9) node[right] {$x$}; |
| 258 | +\draw[->] (-12,-9) -- (-12,-7) node[above] {$y$}; |
| 259 | +\end{tikzpicture} |
| 260 | + |
| 261 | + |
123 | 262 | \end{document} |
| 263 | + |
| 264 | +m surface (black dots) with labels |
| 265 | +\fill (eL) circle (1.2pt); |
| 266 | +\fill (eR) circle (1.2pt); |
| 267 | +\node[above=1pt] at (eL) {$e^{-}$}; |
| 268 | +\node[above=1pt] at (eR) {$e^{-}$}; |
| 269 | +% Coulomb coupling (kappa) between electrons |
| 270 | +\draw[<->] ($(eL)+(0,-0.2)$) -- ($(eR)+(0,-0.2)$) node[midway, above] {$\kappa$}; |
| 271 | +% Dipole coupling (g) from each electron to its microwave cavity |
| 272 | +\draw[<->] ($(eL)+(0.1,-0.1)$) -- (-10,1.5) node[midway, above] {$g$}; |
| 273 | +\draw[<->] ($(eR)+(-0.1,-0.1)$) -- (10,1.5) node[midway, above] {$g$}; |
| 274 | +% Microwave cavity pads (gold rectangles) and labels |
| 275 | +\fill[orange!80!yellow] (-12,0) rectangle (-10,3); |
| 276 | +\fill[orange!80!yellow] (10,0) rectangle (12,3); |
| 277 | +\node[anchor=east] at (-12,1.5) {Microwave cavity 1}; |
| 278 | +\node[anchor=west] at (12,1.5) {Microwave cavity 2}; |
| 279 | +% Electrode labels 1–7 |
| 280 | +\node at (-9,-0.3) {1}; |
| 281 | +\node at (-6,-0.3) {2}; |
| 282 | +\node at (-3,-0.3) {3}; |
| 283 | +\node at (0,-0.3) {4}; |
| 284 | +\node at (3,-0.3) {5}; |
| 285 | +\node at (6,-0.3) {6}; |
| 286 | +\node at (9,-0.3) {7}; |
| 287 | +% Material labels and coordinate axes |
| 288 | +\node at (-8,-4) {Si}; |
| 289 | +\node at (-7,2.5) {Liquid He}; |
| 290 | +\draw[->] (-12,-9) -- (-10,-9) node[right] {$x$}; |
| 291 | +\draw[->] (-12,-9) -- (-12,-7) node[above] {$y$}; |
| 292 | +\end{tikzpicture}% |
| 293 | +}~ |
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