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doc/src/FuturePlans/bellfig.pdf

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doc/src/FuturePlans/bellfig.tex

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\node[below] at ( 5.5,0.8) {$n_B=0\rightarrow\vert 0 \rangle_B$};
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\node[below] at (-5.5,1.8) {$n_A=1\rightarrow\vert 1 \rangle_A$};
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\node[below] at ( 5.5,1.8) {$n_B=1\rightarrow\vert 1 \rangle_B$};
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\node[below] at (-5.5,2.8) {$n_A=2\rightarrow\vert 2 \rangle_A$$};
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\node[below] at ( 5.5,2.8) {$n_B=2\rightarrow\vert 2 \rangle_B$$};
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\node[below] at (-5.5,2.8) {$n_A=2\rightarrow\vert 2 \rangle_A$};
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\node[below] at ( 5.5,2.8) {$n_B=2\rightarrow\vert 2 \rangle_B$};
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\node[below] at (-5.5,3.8) {$\dots$};
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\node[below] at ( 5.5,3.8) {$\dots$};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[
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x=1cm,y=1cm,
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>=Latex,
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font=\small,
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deco/.style={decorate,decoration={snake,amplitude=0.8mm,segment length=3.2mm}},
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garr/.style={->,very thick,draw=gray!60},
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kappaar/.style={<->,very thick,draw=gray!60}
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]
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% -----------------------
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% Base: Si substrate + helium basin
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% -----------------------
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% Si blocks (left/right)
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\fill[gray!45] (-0.2,0.0) rectangle (1.8,1.2);
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\fill[gray!45] (8.2,0.0) rectangle (10.2,1.2);
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% Basin side walls + bottom (blue outline)
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\fill[blue!55] (1.8,0.55) rectangle (8.2,0.65); % thin ledge
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\fill[blue!55] (2.2,0.35) rectangle (7.8,0.55); % inner ledge
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\fill[blue!55] (2.2,0.35) rectangle (2.35,0.95); % left inner wall
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\fill[blue!55] (7.65,0.35) rectangle (7.8,0.95); % right inner wall
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\fill[blue!55] (2.35,0.35) rectangle (7.65,0.45); % bottom wall
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% Liquid helium region (white interior with label)
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\fill[white] (2.35,0.45) rectangle (7.65,0.95);
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\node[font=\bfseries\large] at (5.0,0.72) {Liquid He};
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% Si labels
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\node[font=\bfseries\large] at (0.8,0.65) {Si};
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% Top gold pads on Si (cavity couplers)
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\fill[yellow!70!orange] (0.25,1.10) rectangle (1.55,1.22);
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\fill[yellow!70!orange] (8.45,1.10) rectangle (9.75,1.22);
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% Electrode pads 1--7 along the basin floor edge
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% (small gold rectangles sitting on the ledge)
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\foreach \i/\x in {1/2.45,2/3.20,3/3.95,4/4.70,5/5.45,6/6.20,7/6.95}{
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\fill[yellow!70!orange] (\x,0.55) rectangle (\x+0.55,0.65);
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\node[font=\small] at (\x+0.28,0.18) {\i};
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}
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% -----------------------
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% Cavity labels (slanted)
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% -----------------------
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\node[rotate=28, font=\Large] at (0.8,2.55) {Microwave};
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\node[rotate=28, font=\Large] at (1.05,2.05) {cavity 1};
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\node[rotate=-28, font=\Large] at (9.2,2.55) {Microwave};
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\node[rotate=-28, font=\Large] at (8.95,2.05) {cavity 2};
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% -----------------------
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% Electron sketches (double wells) + wavefunctions
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% -----------------------
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% Left "potential well" curve
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\draw[very thick]
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(3.0,3.0) .. controls (3.6,1.7) and (4.1,1.7) .. (4.7,3.0)
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.. controls (5.0,3.7) and (5.25,3.9) .. (5.35,4.1);
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% Right "potential well" curve
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\draw[very thick]
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(6.1,3.0) .. controls (6.7,1.7) and (7.2,1.7) .. (7.8,3.0)
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.. controls (8.1,3.7) and (8.35,3.9) .. (8.45,4.1);
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% Colored wavy "states" (approximate)
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\draw[deco,red, line width=1.2pt] (3.35,3.45) -- (4.35,3.45);
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\draw[deco,orange,line width=1.2pt] (3.50,3.05) -- (4.50,3.05);
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\draw[deco,blue, line width=1.2pt] (3.55,2.65) -- (4.55,2.65);
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\draw[deco,green!60!black,line width=1.2pt] (6.65,3.05) -- (7.65,3.05);
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\draw[deco,blue, line width=1.2pt] (6.75,2.65) -- (7.75,2.65);
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% Electron labels
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\node[font=\large] at (3.95,3.20) {$e^{-}$};
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\node[font=\large] at (7.25,3.20) {$e^{-}$};
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% -----------------------
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% Coupling arrows g and kappa
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% -----------------------
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% g arrows to cavities
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\draw[garr] (3.6,2.35) .. controls (2.6,2.0) and (1.8,1.9) .. (1.1,1.35);
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\node[font=\Large] at (2.25,2.00) {$g$};
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\draw[garr] (7.7,2.35) .. controls (8.7,2.0) and (9.3,1.9) .. (9.0,1.35);
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\node[font=\Large] at (8.65,2.00) {$g$};
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% kappa between electrons
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\draw[kappaar] (4.65,2.55) .. controls (5.2,2.35) and (5.8,2.35) .. (6.35,2.55);
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\node[font=\Large] at (5.5,2.35) {$\kappa$};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\resizebox{0.8\linewidth}{!}{%
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\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.03077\linewidth, y=0.03077\linewidth, every node/.style={font=\footnotesize}]
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% Coordinates for electrons
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\coordinate (eL) at (-3,4);
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\coordinate (eR) at (3,4);
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% Silicon substrate (gray region)
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\fill[gray!30] (-13,-8) rectangle (13,0);
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% Liquid helium basin (white fill) with curved walls (blue outline)
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\fill[white, rounded corners=2] (-10,4) -- (-10,0) -- (10,0) -- (10,4) -- cycle;
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\draw[blue, line width=0.6pt, rounded corners=2] (-10,4) -- (-10,0) -- (10,0) -- (10,4);
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% Control electrodes 1–7 (gold rectangles)
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\foreach \x in {-9,-6,-3,0,3,6,9} {
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\fill[orange!80!yellow] (\x-0.5,0) rectangle (\x+0.5,0.5);
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}
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% Double-well potential curve with quantized levels
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\draw[thick] plot[smooth, tension=0.8] coordinates {(-10,3.5) (-6,2) (-3,0.5) (0,3) (3,0.5) (6,2) (10,3.5)};
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\foreach \y in {1.0,1.8,2.4} {
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\draw (-4,\y) -- (-2,\y);
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\draw (2,\y) -- (4,\y);
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}
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\fill (eL) circle (1.2pt);
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\fill (eR) circle (1.2pt);
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\node[above=1pt] at (eL) {$e^{-}$};
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\node[above=1pt] at (eR) {$e^{-}$};
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% Coulomb coupling (kappa) between electrons
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\draw[<->] ($(eL)+(0,-0.2)$) -- ($(eR)+(0,-0.2)$) node[midway, above] {$\kappa$};
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% Dipole coupling (g) from each electron to its microwave cavity
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\draw[<->] ($(eL)+(0.1,-0.1)$) -- (-10,1.5) node[midway, above] {$g$};
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\draw[<->] ($(eR)+(-0.1,-0.1)$) -- (10,1.5) node[midway, above] {$g$};
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% Microwave cavity pads (gold rectangles) and labels
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\fill[orange!80!yellow] (-12,0) rectangle (-10,3);
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\fill[orange!80!yellow] (10,0) rectangle (12,3);
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\node[anchor=east] at (-12,1.5) {Microwave cavity 1};
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\node[anchor=west] at (12,1.5) {Microwave cavity 2};
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% Electrode labels 1–7
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\node at (-9,-0.3) {1};
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\node at (-6,-0.3) {2};
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\node at (-3,-0.3) {3};
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\node at (0,-0.3) {4};
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\node at (3,-0.3) {5};
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\node at (6,-0.3) {6};
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\node at (9,-0.3) {7};
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% Material labels and coordinate axes
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\node at (-8,-4) {Si};
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\node at (-7,2.5) {Liquid He};
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\draw[->] (-12,-9) -- (-10,-9) node[right] {$x$};
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\draw[->] (-12,-9) -- (-12,-7) node[above] {$y$};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{document}
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m surface (black dots) with labels
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\fill (eL) circle (1.2pt);
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\fill (eR) circle (1.2pt);
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\node[above=1pt] at (eL) {$e^{-}$};
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\node[above=1pt] at (eR) {$e^{-}$};
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% Coulomb coupling (kappa) between electrons
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\draw[<->] ($(eL)+(0,-0.2)$) -- ($(eR)+(0,-0.2)$) node[midway, above] {$\kappa$};
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% Dipole coupling (g) from each electron to its microwave cavity
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\draw[<->] ($(eL)+(0.1,-0.1)$) -- (-10,1.5) node[midway, above] {$g$};
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\draw[<->] ($(eR)+(-0.1,-0.1)$) -- (10,1.5) node[midway, above] {$g$};
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% Microwave cavity pads (gold rectangles) and labels
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\fill[orange!80!yellow] (-12,0) rectangle (-10,3);
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\fill[orange!80!yellow] (10,0) rectangle (12,3);
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\node[anchor=east] at (-12,1.5) {Microwave cavity 1};
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\node[anchor=west] at (12,1.5) {Microwave cavity 2};
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% Electrode labels 1–7
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\node at (-9,-0.3) {1};
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\node at (-6,-0.3) {2};
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\node at (-3,-0.3) {3};
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\node at (0,-0.3) {4};
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\node at (3,-0.3) {5};
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\node at (6,-0.3) {6};
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\node at (9,-0.3) {7};
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% Material labels and coordinate axes
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\node at (-8,-4) {Si};
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\node at (-7,2.5) {Liquid He};
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\draw[->] (-12,-9) -- (-10,-9) node[right] {$x$};
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\draw[->] (-12,-9) -- (-12,-7) node[above] {$y$};
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\end{tikzpicture}%
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}~

doc/src/FuturePlans/references.bib

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@misc{malarchick2026parallelizingvariationalquantumeigensolver,
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title={Parallelizing the Variational Quantum Eigensolver: From JIT Compilation to Multi-GPU Scaling},
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author={Rylan Malarchick and Ashton Steed},
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year={2026},
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eprint={2601.09951},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={quant-ph},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09951},
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}

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