Distilling Many-Shot In-Context Learning into a Cheat Sheet

This repository implements the main experiments of our paper, Distilling Many-Shot In-Context Learning into a Cheat Sheet (EMNLP 2025 Findings). We introduce cheat-sheet ICL, which distills the information from many-shot ICL into a concise textual summary (cheat sheet) used as the context at inference time. This approach achieves comparable or better performance than many-shot ICL with far fewer tokens in challenging reasoning tasks, and matches retrieval-based ICL without requiring test-time retrieval. The code is intended solely for reproducing the experiments.

   

Environment

We tested the code in the following environment.

• OS: Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS
• Python: 3.12

Setup

Python and Packages

We used uv to manage Python and its packages.

git clone https://github.com/CyberAgentAILab/cheat-sheet-icl.git
cd cheat-sheet-icl

# (Optional) If this version of Python is not installed
uv python pin 3.12
uv python install

# Create a virtual environment and install dependencies
uv venv --python 3.12 --python-preference managed
uv pip install --no-cache --force-reinstall -r requirements.txt

API Keys

The code assumes that the API keys are stored in environment variables. Fill in the .envrc file and load it.
GEMINI_API_KEY is optional; it is only required when running the cheat-sheet transferability experiments.

cp .envrc_example .envrc

`Fill in the .envrc file with your API keys`

# If you are using direnv
direnv allow
# Otherwise
source .envrc

Data

Run the following command to download the rationale-augmented BBH data. The cheat sheets used in our experiments can also be found in data/cheat_prompt. The files in data/cheat_prompt and data/metaprompt are adapted from BIG-Bench-Hard.

cd data
curl -L -O https://storage.googleapis.com/ailab-public/cheat-sheet-icl/data/aug_data_bbh.zip
unzip -q aug_data_bbh.zip
rm aug_data_bbh.zip

(Optional) If you want to run rationale augmentation and cheat-sheet creation from scratch, download BBH data and place them under data. The other datasets can be downloaded automatically with the Hugging Face Datasets library, but you will need to request access to GPQA using your Hugging Face account and then run uv run huggingface-cli login. Then run script/preproc.sh for BBH and script/preproc_acad.sh for the academic benchmarks.

cd data
curl -L -O https://github.com/suzgunmirac/BIG-Bench-Hard/archive/refs/heads/main.zip
unzip -q main.zip
rm main.zip

Run

Below are sample commands for running the experiments. See script for more examples.

Note

• We used Azure OpenAI API for GPT-4.1.
• We used the specific version gpt-4.1-2025-04-14, and the code assumes that the deployment name is the same.
  • If you want to use a different deployment name, modify model_libs in src/args_utils.py.
• The Azure OpenAI content filters were disabled upon our request.

META_MODEL="gpt-4.1-2025-04-14"
MODEL="gpt-4.1-2025-04-14"
TASK="bbh_salient_translation_error_detection"
REASON="gen"
SEED=1000

# Few-shot ICL (8-shot)
uv run src/run_main_api.py \
    --task ${TASK} \
    --meta_model ${META_MODEL} \
    --model ${MODEL} \
    --reason_type ${REASON} \
    --prompt_type shot \
    --shot 8 \
    --seed ${SEED}

# Many-shot ICL (n-shot)
uv run src/run_main_api.py \
    --task ${TASK} \
    --meta_model ${META_MODEL} \
    --model ${MODEL} \
    --reason_type ${REASON} \
    --prompt_type shot \
    --shot 0 \
    --seed ${SEED}

# Cheat-sheet ICL
uv run src/run_main_api.py \
    --task ${TASK} \
    --meta_model ${META_MODEL} \
    --model ${MODEL} \
    --reason_type ${REASON} \
    --prompt_type cheat \
    --shot 0 \
    --seed ${SEED}

Citation

@inproceedings{honda-etal-2025-distilling,
    title = "Distilling Many-Shot In-Context Learning into a Cheat Sheet",
    author = "Honda, Ukyo and Murakami, Soichiro and Zhang, Peinan",
    editor = "Christodoulopoulos, Christos and Chakraborty, Tanmoy and Rose, Carolyn and Peng, Violet",
    booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.930/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.930",
    pages = "17158--17178",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-335-7",
}