Eigth module: refactoring

Author: Devwarlt

C++ For the Rest Of Us - Course.sln

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "CppFTROU.Module7", "CppFTRO
 EndProject
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "CSharpSandbox", "CSharpSandbox\CSharpSandbox.csproj", "{424F8B7F-0824-43F4-8ED3-23C7FDEE3114}"
 EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "CppFTROU.Module8", "CppFTROU.Module8\CppFTROU.Module8.vcxproj", "{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -118,6 +120,16 @@ Global
 		{424F8B7F-0824-43F4-8ED3-23C7FDEE3114}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 		{424F8B7F-0824-43F4-8ED3-23C7FDEE3114}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{424F8B7F-0824-43F4-8ED3-23C7FDEE3114}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{BEA01A3B-9F5B-48A3-B294-B08781D14897}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE

CppFTROU.Module8/CppFTROU.Module8.cpp

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
     </Link>
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="CppFTROU.Module8.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="TicTacToe.cpp" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">

CppFTROU.Module8/CppFTROU.Module8.vcxproj

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     </Filter>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="CppFTROU.Module8.cpp">
+    <ClCompile Include="TicTacToe.cpp">
       <Filter>Arquivos de Origem</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>

CppFTROU.Module8/CppFTROU.Module8.vcxproj.filters

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+const char * CLS = "CLS",
+*TOP = "top row",
+*MIDDLE = "middle",
+*BOTTOM = "bottom row",
+*DIAGONAL = "diagonal",
+*LEFT = "left column",
+*RIGHT = "right column";
+
+const char PLAYER_X = 'X',
+PLAYER_O = 'O',
+BOARD_DIV = '|',
+BOARD_LINE = '-',
+BOARD_INTERSECTION = '+';
+
+const char INPUT_PLACEHOLDERS[9] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
+
+const int MAX_ATTEMPTS = 9,
+BOARD_WIDTH = 3;
+
+typedef struct { unsigned int x, y; } board_pos;
+
+board_pos * get_board_pos_by_input(int & index) {
+	auto * pos = new board_pos();
+	pos->x = index % BOARD_WIDTH;
+	pos->y = (index - pos->x) / BOARD_WIDTH;
+	return pos;
+}
+
+void relative_board_cell(
+	std::string & output, char & placeholder,
+	const bool & left_corner, const bool & right_corner
+) {
+	if (left_corner)
+		output += "  ";
+
+	if (!left_corner && !right_corner)
+		output += BOARD_DIV;
+
+	output += " ";
+
+	if (placeholder == PLAYER_X || placeholder == PLAYER_O)
+		output += placeholder;
+	else
+		output += std::to_string((int)placeholder);
+
+	output += " ";
+
+	if (right_corner)
+		output += "\n";
+
+	if (!left_corner && !right_corner)
+		output += BOARD_DIV;
+}
+
+void board_row_separator(std::string & output) {
+	output += "  ";
+	output.append(3, BOARD_LINE);
+	output += BOARD_INTERSECTION;
+	output.append(3, BOARD_LINE);
+	output += BOARD_INTERSECTION;
+	output.append(3, BOARD_LINE);
+	output += "\n";
+}
+
+bool board_check_horizontal(
+	char(&board_inputs)[BOARD_WIDTH][BOARD_WIDTH],
+	const int & row, const char & player
+) {
+	return board_inputs[row][0] == player
+		&& board_inputs[row][1] == player
+		&& board_inputs[row][2] == player;
+}
+
+bool board_check_vertical(
+	char(&board_inputs)[BOARD_WIDTH][BOARD_WIDTH],
+	const int & col, const char & player
+) {
+	return board_inputs[0][col] == player
+		&& board_inputs[1][col] == player
+		&& board_inputs[2][col] == player;
+}
+
+bool board_check_diagonal(
+	char(&board_inputs)[BOARD_WIDTH][BOARD_WIDTH],
+	const char & player
+) {
+	return (board_inputs[0][0] == player
+		&& board_inputs[1][1] == player
+		&& board_inputs[2][2] == player)
+		|| (board_inputs[0][2] == player
+			&& board_inputs[1][1] == player
+			&& board_inputs[2][0] == player);
+}
+
+void board_check_player(
+	char(&board_inputs)[BOARD_WIDTH][BOARD_WIDTH],
+	char & winner, const char * & condition,
+	const char & player, std::string & condition_fmt
+) {
+	if (board_check_horizontal(board_inputs, 0, player)) {
+		condition = TOP;
+		winner = player;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (board_check_horizontal(board_inputs, 1, player)) {
+		condition_fmt += MIDDLE;
+		condition_fmt += " row";
+		condition = condition_fmt.c_str();
+		winner = player;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (board_check_horizontal(board_inputs, 2, player)) {
+		condition = BOTTOM;
+		winner = player;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (board_check_vertical(board_inputs, 0, player)) {
+		condition = LEFT;
+		winner = player;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (board_check_vertical(board_inputs, 1, player)) {
+		condition_fmt += MIDDLE;
+		condition_fmt += " column";
+		condition = condition_fmt.c_str();
+		winner = player;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (board_check_vertical(board_inputs, 2, player)) {
+		condition = RIGHT;
+		winner = player;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (board_check_diagonal(board_inputs, player)) {
+		condition = DIAGONAL;
+		winner = player;
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+void get_player_choice(
+	int & choice, int & index, char(&board_inputs)[BOARD_WIDTH][BOARD_WIDTH],
+	bool & is_occupied, char & current_player, char & last_player, int & attempts
+) {
+	if (choice != 0 && choice != -1) {
+		index = choice - 1;
+
+		auto * pos = get_board_pos_by_input(index);
+		auto * cell = &board_inputs[pos->y][pos->x];
+
+		is_occupied = *cell == PLAYER_X || *cell == PLAYER_O;
+		if (!is_occupied) {
+			*cell = current_player;
+			last_player = current_player;
+			current_player = current_player == PLAYER_X ? PLAYER_O : PLAYER_X;
+			attempts++;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+bool check_for_end_game(int & attempts, char & winner) {
+	return winner != ' ' || attempts == MAX_ATTEMPTS;
+}
+
+void display_board(void) {
+	auto last_player = PLAYER_O,
+		current_player = PLAYER_X,
+		winner = ' ';
+
+	auto attempts = 0,
+		choice = -1,
+		index = 0;
+
+	auto is_occupied = false, is_game_over = false;
+	char board_inputs[BOARD_WIDTH][BOARD_WIDTH] = {};
+	const char * condition;
+	std::string output, condition_fmt;
+
+	for (auto row = 0; row < BOARD_WIDTH; row++)
+		for (auto col = 0; col < BOARD_WIDTH; col++)
+			board_inputs[row][col] = 1 + col + row * BOARD_WIDTH;
+
+	condition_fmt.clear();
+
+	while (true) {
+		output.clear();
+		output += "Current board state:\n";
+
+		get_player_choice(
+			choice, index, board_inputs, is_occupied,
+			current_player, last_player, attempts
+		);
+
+		for (index = 0; index < BOARD_WIDTH; index++)
+		{
+			// Board formatting pattern:
+			//	1 | 2 | 3
+			// ---+---+---
+			//	4 | 5 | 6
+			// ---+---+---
+			//	7 | 8 | 9
+
+			auto is_mid_row = index == 1;
+			if (is_mid_row)
+				board_row_separator(output);
+
+			relative_board_cell(output, board_inputs[index][0], true, false);
+			relative_board_cell(output, board_inputs[index][1], false, false);
+			relative_board_cell(output, board_inputs[index][2], false, true);
+
+			if (is_mid_row)
+				board_row_separator(output);
+		}
+
+		if (choice == 0)
+			output += "\nNot a valid choice. Try again.\n";
+
+		if (is_occupied) {
+			output += "\nThat square is not available. Try again.\n";
+			is_occupied = false;
+		}
+
+		board_check_player(board_inputs, winner, condition, PLAYER_X, condition_fmt);
+
+		if (winner != PLAYER_X)
+			board_check_player(board_inputs, winner, condition, PLAYER_O, condition_fmt);
+
+		if (check_for_end_game(attempts, winner))
+			break;
+
+		output += "\nPlayer ";
+		output += current_player;
+		output += ", enter a number between 1 and 9: ";
+		std::cout << output << std::flush;
+		std::cin >> choice;
+		std::system(CLS);
+
+		if (choice < 1 || choice > 9)
+			choice = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (winner != ' ') {
+		output += "\nPlayer ";
+		output += winner;
+		output += " wins on the ";
+		output += condition;
+		output += "!";
+	}
+	else
+		output += "\nDraw. Nobody wins.";
+
+	std::cout << output << std::endl << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	/*
+		[Module 8] - Application Structure:
+			This is a refactored version of TicTacToe.cpp from module 6.
+
+			Contains code organisation, virtualization and more changes
+			for ease logic and code concept understanding.
+	*/
+	display_board();
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}