feat(fs/iso9660): implement ISO 9660 filesystem with extensions and VFS integration

Author: KitsuneSemCalda

.ai-docs/recent-modifications/20260209_iso9660_base_structures.md

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+# ISO 9660 Base Structures
+
+Implemented the core data structures and constants for the ISO 9660 filesystem.
+
+## Changes
+- Created `Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/` directory.
+- Added `iso9660_constants.h` with enums and general constants.
+- Added `volume_descriptor_header.h`.
+- Added `primary_volume_descriptor.h` with all PVD fields.
+- Added `directory_record.h` with fixed-size directory record structure.
+- Added `path_table_entry.h`.
+- Added helper structures for ISO 9660 specific types:
+    - `iso9660_both_endian_uint16.h`
+    - `iso9660_both_endian_uint32.h`
+    - `iso9660_recording_time.h`
+    - `iso9660_volume_time.h`
+- Implemented `Iso9660Volume` class (`iso9660_volume.h`/`.cpp`) for PVD/VDS parsing.
+- Implemented `Iso9660Parser` class (`iso9660_parser.h`/`.cpp`) for directory record parsing.
+- Implemented SUSP (System Use Sharing Protocol) v1.12:
+    - Added `susp_entry_header.h`, `susp_continuation_area.h`, `susp_extension_reference.h`, `susp_extension_selector.h`.
+    - Added `SuspParser` (`susp_parser.h`/`.cpp`) with support for continuation areas ('CE' entries).
+- Implemented Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP) v1.12:
+    - Added `rock_ridge_posix_file_attributes.h`.
+    - Added `RockRidgeParser` (`rock_ridge_parser.h`/`.cpp`) for POSIX metadata ('PX') and long names ('NM').
+- Implemented Joliet Unicode Extension:
+    - Added `JolietParser` (`joliet_parser.h`/`.cpp`) for UTF-16 to UTF-8 filename conversion.
+- Implemented El Torito Bootable CD Extension:
+    - Added `el_torito_boot_record.h`, `el_torito_validation_entry.h`, `el_torito_default_entry.h`.
+    - Added `ElToritoParser` (`el_torito_parser.h`/`.cpp`) for boot catalog parsing.
+
+## Architectural Compliance
+- Adhered to the "ONE STRUCT/CLASS PER FILE" rule.
+- Used `[[gnu::packed]]` for all filesystem structures to ensure correct hardware mapping.
+- Placed all files in the appropriate domain-based directory structure.
+- Used `fk::core::Result` and `TRY` macro for robust error handling.
+- Followed PascalCase for classes and snake_case for files.

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/directory_record.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <LibFK/Types/types.h>
+#include <Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/iso9660_both_endian_uint16.h>
+#include <Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/iso9660_both_endian_uint32.h>
+#include <Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/iso9660_recording_time.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+struct [[gnu::packed]] Iso9660DirectoryRecord {
+    uint8_t length;
+    uint8_t extended_attribute_length;
+    Iso9660BothEndianUint32 extent_location;
+    Iso9660BothEndianUint32 data_length;
+    Iso9660RecordingTime recording_time;
+    uint8_t flags;
+    uint8_t file_unit_size;
+    uint8_t interleave_gap_size;
+    Iso9660BothEndianUint16 volume_sequence_number;
+    uint8_t identifier_length;
+    // Followed by char identifier[identifier_length]
+    // Followed by padding byte if identifier_length is even
+    // Followed by System Use Area
+};
+
+}

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/el_torito_boot_record.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/volume_descriptor_header.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+struct [[gnu::packed]] Iso9660ElToritoBootRecord {
+    Iso9660VolumeDescriptorHeader header;
+    char boot_system_identifier[32];
+    char boot_identifier[32];
+    uint32_t boot_catalog_pointer;
+    uint8_t reserved[1973];
+};
+
+}

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/el_torito_default_entry.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <LibFK/Types/types.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+struct [[gnu::packed]] Iso9660ElToritoDefaultEntry {
+    uint8_t boot_indicator;
+    uint8_t boot_media_type;
+    uint16_t load_segment;
+    uint8_t system_type;
+    uint8_t reserved1;
+    uint16_t sector_count;
+    uint32_t load_rba;
+    uint8_t reserved2[20];
+};
+
+}

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/el_torito_parser.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <Kernel/Driver/Storage/storage_device.h>
+#include <Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/el_torito_boot_record.h>
+#include <Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/el_torito_default_entry.h>
+#include <LibFK/Core/Result.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+class ElToritoParser {
+public:
+    explicit ElToritoParser(StorageDevice& device);
+    ~ElToritoParser() = default;
+
+    fk::core::Result<Iso9660ElToritoDefaultEntry, fk::core::Error> find_default_boot_entry();
+
+private:
+    StorageDevice& m_device;
+
+    fk::core::Result<void, fk::core::Error> validate_catalog(uint32_t catalog_lba);
+};
+
+}

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/el_torito_validation_entry.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <LibFK/Types/types.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+struct [[gnu::packed]] Iso9660ElToritoValidationEntry {
+    uint8_t header_id;
+    uint8_t platform_id;
+    uint16_t reserved;
+    char id_string[24];
+    uint16_t checksum;
+    uint8_t key_55;
+    uint8_t key_AA;
+};
+
+}

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/iso9660_both_endian_uint16.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <LibFK/Types/types.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+struct [[gnu::packed]] Iso9660BothEndianUint16 {
+    uint16_t little_endian;
+    uint16_t big_endian;
+};
+
+}

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/iso9660_both_endian_uint32.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <LibFK/Types/types.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+struct [[gnu::packed]] Iso9660BothEndianUint32 {
+    uint32_t little_endian;
+    uint32_t big_endian;
+};
+
+}

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/iso9660_constants.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <LibFK/Types/types.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+enum class Iso9660VolumeDescriptorType : uint8_t {
+    BootRecord = 0,
+    PrimaryVolumeDescriptor = 1,
+    SupplementaryVolumeDescriptor = 2,
+    VolumePartitionDescriptor = 3,
+    VolumeDescriptorSetTerminator = 255
+};
+
+static constexpr uint32_t ISO9660_SECTOR_SIZE = 2048;
+static constexpr uint32_t ISO9660_SYSTEM_AREA_SECTORS = 16;
+static constexpr const char* ISO9660_IDENTIFIER = "CD001";
+
+}

Include/Kernel/Fs/ISO9660/iso9660_dir_node.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <Kernel/Fs/Vfs/node.h>
+#include <LibFK/Memory/ref_ptr.h>
+
+namespace fkernel {
+
+class Iso9660FileSystem;
+
+class Iso9660DirNode final : public Node {
+public:
+    Iso9660DirNode(fk::RefPtr<Iso9660FileSystem> fs, uint32_t extent_location, uint32_t data_length);
+    virtual ~Iso9660DirNode() override = default;
+
+    virtual fk::core::Result<size_t, fk::core::Error> read(uint64_t offset, size_t size, uint8_t *buffer) override;
+    virtual fk::core::Result<size_t, fk::core::Error> write(uint64_t offset, size_t size, const uint8_t *buffer) override;
+    virtual size_t size() const override { return m_data_length; }
+    virtual bool is_directory() const override { return true; }
+
+    virtual fk::core::Result<void, fk::core::Error> list_dir(fk::containers::Vector<DirectoryEntry>& entries) override;
+    virtual fk::core::Result<fk::RefPtr<Node>, fk::core::Error> lookup(const fk::text::Utf8String& name) override;
+
+private:
+    fk::RefPtr<Iso9660FileSystem> m_fs;
+    uint32_t m_extent_location;
+    uint32_t m_data_length;
+};
+
+}