datatypes

"""
Python Basic Data Types Demonstration
Includes edge cases, conversions, and validations.

Data Types Covered:
1. int
2. float
3. complex
4. str
5. bool
6. list
7. tuple
8. set
9. dict
10. NoneType
"""

def integer_examples():
    print("\n----- INTEGER EXAMPLES -----")

    a = 10
    b = -100
    c = 0
    large = 10**100   # very large integer

    print("Positive:", a)
    print("Negative:", b)
    print("Zero:", c)
    print("Large Integer:", large)

    # Edge case
    print("Boolean as int:", int(True), int(False))


def float_examples():
    print("\n----- FLOAT EXAMPLES -----")

    x = 10.5
    y = -0.000001
    z = 1e10

    print("Normal float:", x)
    print("Small float:", y)
    print("Scientific notation:", z)

    # Edge cases
    inf = float("inf")
    nan = float("nan")

    print("Infinity:", inf)
    print("NaN:", nan)


def complex_examples():
    print("\n----- COMPLEX EXAMPLES -----")

    c1 = 2 + 3j
    c2 = complex(5, -2)

    print("Complex number:", c1)
    print("Another complex:", c2)

    print("Real part:", c1.real)
    print("Imaginary part:", c1.imag)


def string_examples():
    print("\n----- STRING EXAMPLES -----")

    s1 = "Hello"
    s2 = ""
    s3 = "123"
    s4 = "Hello\nWorld"

    print("Normal string:", s1)
    print("Empty string:", s2)
    print("Numeric string:", s3)
    print("String with newline:", s4)

    # Edge cases
    print("Length of empty string:", len(s2))
    print("String * 3:", s1 * 3)


def boolean_examples():
    print("\n----- BOOLEAN EXAMPLES -----")

    t = True
    f = False

    print("True value:", t)
    print("False value:", f)

    # Edge cases
    print("bool(0):", bool(0))
    print("bool(1):", bool(1))
    print("bool(''):", bool(""))
    print("bool('Python'):", bool("Python"))


def list_examples():
    print("\n----- LIST EXAMPLES -----")

    l1 = [1, 2, 3]
    l2 = []
    l3 = [1, "hello", 3.5, True]

    print("Normal list:", l1)
    print("Empty list:", l2)
    print("Mixed list:", l3)

    # Edge cases
    l1.append(4)
    print("After append:", l1)

    print("Access last element:", l1[-1])


def tuple_examples():
    print("\n----- TUPLE EXAMPLES -----")

    t1 = (1, 2, 3)
    t2 = ()
    t3 = (1,)  # single element tuple

    print("Normal tuple:", t1)
    print("Empty tuple:", t2)
    print("Single element tuple:", t3)

    # Edge case
    try:
        t1[0] = 10
    except TypeError as e:
        print("Tuple is immutable:", e)


def set_examples():
    print("\n----- SET EXAMPLES -----")

    s1 = {1, 2, 3}
    s2 = set()
    s3 = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}

    print("Normal set:", s1)
    print("Empty set:", s2)
    print("Duplicates removed:", s3)

    s1.add(4)
    print("After add:", s1)


def dict_examples():
    print("\n----- DICTIONARY EXAMPLES -----")

    d1 = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
    d2 = {}
    d3 = {1: "one", 2: "two"}

    print("Normal dictionary:", d1)
    print("Empty dictionary:", d2)
    print("Numeric keys:", d3)

    # Edge case
    d1["age"] = 30
    print("Updated value:", d1)


def none_examples():
    print("\n----- NONE TYPE EXAMPLES -----")

    x = None
    print("None value:", x)
    print("Type of None:", type(x))

    # Edge case
    if x is None:
        print("x is None")


def type_conversion_examples():
    print("\n----- TYPE CONVERSION -----")

    print("int('10'):", int("10"))
    print("float('3.14'):", float("3.14"))
    print("str(100):", str(100))
    print("list('abc'):", list("abc"))

    # Edge case
    try:
        int("abc")
    except ValueError as e:
        print("Invalid conversion:", e)


def main():
    integer_examples()
    float_examples()
    complex_examples()
    string_examples()
    boolean_examples()
    list_examples()
    tuple_examples()
    set_examples()
    dict_examples()
    none_examples()
    type_conversion_examples()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()