From c8a22280df617505871bff4c1cac920eab61541c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2025 17:11:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/34] [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

updates:
- [github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit: v0.9.1 → v0.9.2](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit/compare/v0.9.1...v0.9.2)
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index d92cc048e0..d432c948a2 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ repos:
       - id: check-toml
         name: Validate Poetry
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.9.1
+    rev: v0.9.2
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
         name: ruff lint

From 8249c13f27c947b8490cc5dd8a0b59eb7f10bdd9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Fri, 10 Jan 2025 09:13:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/34] Add type annotations to camera/camera.py

---
 manim/camera/camera.py               | 192 +++++++++++++++------------
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py    |   3 +
 manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py |   4 +-
 mypy.ini                             |   3 +
 4 files changed, 118 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/camera.py b/manim/camera/camera.py
index af5899c5c5..79c83e9de3 100644
--- a/manim/camera/camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/camera.py
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
 from scipy.spatial.distance import pdist
+from typing_extensions import Self
+
+from manim.typing import PixelArray
 
 from .. import config, logger
 from ..constants import *
@@ -84,8 +87,8 @@ def __init__(
         frame_rate: float | None = None,
         background_color: ParsableManimColor | None = None,
         background_opacity: float | None = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         self.background_image = background_image
         self.frame_center = frame_center
         self.image_mode = image_mode
@@ -116,11 +119,13 @@ def __init__(
         self.frame_rate = frame_rate
 
         if background_color is None:
-            self._background_color = ManimColor.parse(config["background_color"])
+            self._background_color: ManimColor = ManimColor.parse(
+                config["background_color"]
+            )
         else:
             self._background_color = ManimColor.parse(background_color)
         if background_opacity is None:
-            self._background_opacity = config["background_opacity"]
+            self._background_opacity: float = config["background_opacity"]
         else:
             self._background_opacity = background_opacity
 
@@ -129,7 +134,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.max_allowable_norm = config["frame_width"]
 
         self.rgb_max_val = np.iinfo(self.pixel_array_dtype).max
-        self.pixel_array_to_cairo_context = {}
+        self.pixel_array_to_cairo_context: dict[int, cairo.Context] = {}
 
         # Contains the correct method to process a list of Mobjects of the
         # corresponding class.  If a Mobject is not an instance of a class in
@@ -140,7 +145,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.resize_frame_shape()
         self.reset()
 
-    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: Any) -> Camera:
         # This is to address a strange bug where deepcopying
         # will result in a segfault, which is somehow related
         # to the aggdraw library
@@ -148,24 +153,26 @@ def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
         return copy.copy(self)
 
     @property
-    def background_color(self):
+    def background_color(self) -> ManimColor:
         return self._background_color
 
     @background_color.setter
-    def background_color(self, color):
+    def background_color(self, color: ManimColor) -> None:
         self._background_color = color
         self.init_background()
 
     @property
-    def background_opacity(self):
+    def background_opacity(self) -> float:
         return self._background_opacity
 
     @background_opacity.setter
-    def background_opacity(self, alpha):
+    def background_opacity(self, alpha: float) -> None:
         self._background_opacity = alpha
         self.init_background()
 
-    def type_or_raise(self, mobject: Mobject):
+    def type_or_raise(
+        self, mobject: Mobject
+    ) -> type[VMobject] | type[PMobject] | type[AbstractImageMobject] | type[Mobject]:
         """Return the type of mobject, if it is a type that can be rendered.
 
         If `mobject` is an instance of a class that inherits from a class that
@@ -206,7 +213,7 @@ def type_or_raise(self, mobject: Mobject):
                 return _type
         raise TypeError(f"Displaying an object of class {_type} is not supported")
 
-    def reset_pixel_shape(self, new_height: float, new_width: float):
+    def reset_pixel_shape(self, new_height: float, new_width: float) -> None:
         """This method resets the height and width
         of a single pixel to the passed new_height and new_width.
 
@@ -223,7 +230,7 @@ def reset_pixel_shape(self, new_height: float, new_width: float):
         self.resize_frame_shape()
         self.reset()
 
-    def resize_frame_shape(self, fixed_dimension: int = 0):
+    def resize_frame_shape(self, fixed_dimension: int = 0) -> None:
         """
         Changes frame_shape to match the aspect ratio
         of the pixels, where fixed_dimension determines
@@ -248,7 +255,7 @@ def resize_frame_shape(self, fixed_dimension: int = 0):
         self.frame_height = frame_height
         self.frame_width = frame_width
 
-    def init_background(self):
+    def init_background(self) -> None:
         """Initialize the background.
         If self.background_image is the path of an image
         the image is set as background; else, the default
@@ -274,7 +281,9 @@ def init_background(self):
             )
             self.background[:, :] = background_rgba
 
-    def get_image(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray | list | tuple | None = None):
+    def get_image(
+        self, pixel_array: PixelArray | list | tuple | None = None
+    ) -> PixelArray:
         """Returns an image from the passed
         pixel array, or from the current frame
         if the passed pixel array is none.
@@ -290,12 +299,14 @@ def get_image(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray | list | tuple | None = None):
             The PIL image of the array.
         """
         if pixel_array is None:
-            pixel_array = self.pixel_array
+            # TODO:
+            # error: Cannot determine type of "pixel_array"  [has-type]
+            pixel_array = self.pixel_array  # type: ignore[has-type]
         return Image.fromarray(pixel_array, mode=self.image_mode)
 
     def convert_pixel_array(
-        self, pixel_array: np.ndarray | list | tuple, convert_from_floats: bool = False
-    ):
+        self, pixel_array: PixelArray | list | tuple, convert_from_floats: bool = False
+    ) -> PixelArray:
         """Converts a pixel array from values that have floats in then
         to proper RGB values.
 
@@ -321,8 +332,8 @@ def convert_pixel_array(
         return retval
 
     def set_pixel_array(
-        self, pixel_array: np.ndarray | list | tuple, convert_from_floats: bool = False
-    ):
+        self, pixel_array: PixelArray | list | tuple, convert_from_floats: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
         """Sets the pixel array of the camera to the passed pixel array.
 
         Parameters
@@ -335,7 +346,9 @@ def set_pixel_array(
         converted_array = self.convert_pixel_array(pixel_array, convert_from_floats)
         if not (
             hasattr(self, "pixel_array")
-            and self.pixel_array.shape == converted_array.shape
+            # TODO:
+            # error: Cannot determine type of "pixel_array"  [has-type]
+            and self.pixel_array.shape == converted_array.shape  # type: ignore[has-type]
         ):
             self.pixel_array = converted_array
         else:
@@ -343,8 +356,8 @@ def set_pixel_array(
             self.pixel_array[:, :, :] = converted_array[:, :, :]
 
     def set_background(
-        self, pixel_array: np.ndarray | list | tuple, convert_from_floats: bool = False
-    ):
+        self, pixel_array: PixelArray | list | tuple, convert_from_floats: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
         """Sets the background to the passed pixel_array after converting
         to valid RGB values.
 
@@ -360,7 +373,7 @@ def set_background(
     # TODO, this should live in utils, not as a method of Camera
     def make_background_from_func(
         self, coords_to_colors_func: Callable[[np.ndarray], np.ndarray]
-    ):
+    ) -> PixelArray:
         """
         Makes a pixel array for the background by using coords_to_colors_func to determine each pixel's color. Each input
         pixel's color. Each input to coords_to_colors_func is an (x, y) pair in space (in ordinary space coordinates; not
@@ -386,7 +399,7 @@ def make_background_from_func(
 
     def set_background_from_func(
         self, coords_to_colors_func: Callable[[np.ndarray], np.ndarray]
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         """
         Sets the background to a pixel array using coords_to_colors_func to determine each pixel's color. Each input
         pixel's color. Each input to coords_to_colors_func is an (x, y) pair in space (in ordinary space coordinates; not
@@ -400,7 +413,7 @@ def set_background_from_func(
         """
         self.set_background(self.make_background_from_func(coords_to_colors_func))
 
-    def reset(self):
+    def reset(self) -> Self:
         """Resets the camera's pixel array
         to that of the background
 
@@ -412,7 +425,7 @@ def reset(self):
         self.set_pixel_array(self.background)
         return self
 
-    def set_frame_to_background(self, background):
+    def set_frame_to_background(self, background: PixelArray) -> None:
         self.set_pixel_array(background)
 
     ####
@@ -422,7 +435,7 @@ def get_mobjects_to_display(
         mobjects: Iterable[Mobject],
         include_submobjects: bool = True,
         excluded_mobjects: list | None = None,
-    ):
+    ) -> list[Mobject]:
         """Used to get the list of mobjects to display
         with the camera.
 
@@ -454,7 +467,7 @@ def get_mobjects_to_display(
                 mobjects = list_difference_update(mobjects, all_excluded)
         return list(mobjects)
 
-    def is_in_frame(self, mobject: Mobject):
+    def is_in_frame(self, mobject: Mobject) -> bool:
         """Checks whether the passed mobject is in
         frame or not.
 
@@ -481,7 +494,7 @@ def is_in_frame(self, mobject: Mobject):
             ],
         )
 
-    def capture_mobject(self, mobject: Mobject, **kwargs: Any):
+    def capture_mobject(self, mobject: Mobject, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         """Capture mobjects by storing it in :attr:`pixel_array`.
 
         This is a single-mobject version of :meth:`capture_mobjects`.
@@ -497,7 +510,7 @@ def capture_mobject(self, mobject: Mobject, **kwargs: Any):
         """
         return self.capture_mobjects([mobject], **kwargs)
 
-    def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects: Iterable[Mobject], **kwargs):
+    def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects: Iterable[Mobject], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         """Capture mobjects by printing them on :attr:`pixel_array`.
 
         This is the essential function that converts the contents of a Scene
@@ -525,14 +538,16 @@ def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects: Iterable[Mobject], **kwargs):
         # partition while at the same time preserving order.
         mobjects = self.get_mobjects_to_display(mobjects, **kwargs)
         for group_type, group in it.groupby(mobjects, self.type_or_raise):
-            self.display_funcs[group_type](list(group), self.pixel_array)
+            # TODO
+            # error: Call to untyped function (unknown) in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
+            self.display_funcs[group_type](list(group), self.pixel_array)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
 
     # Methods associated with svg rendering
 
     # NOTE: None of the methods below have been mentioned outside of their definitions. Their DocStrings are not as
     # detailed as possible.
 
-    def get_cached_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray):
+    def get_cached_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: PixelArray) -> cairo.Context:
         """Returns the cached cairo context of the passed
         pixel array if it exists, and None if it doesn't.
 
@@ -548,7 +563,7 @@ def get_cached_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray):
         """
         return self.pixel_array_to_cairo_context.get(id(pixel_array), None)
 
-    def cache_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray, ctx: cairo.Context):
+    def cache_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: PixelArray, ctx: cairo.Context) -> None:
         """Caches the passed Pixel array into a Cairo Context
 
         Parameters
@@ -560,7 +575,7 @@ def cache_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray, ctx: cairo.Context):
         """
         self.pixel_array_to_cairo_context[id(pixel_array)] = ctx
 
-    def get_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray):
+    def get_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: PixelArray) -> cairo.Context:
         """Returns the cairo context for a pixel array after
         caching it to self.pixel_array_to_cairo_context
         If that array has already been cached, it returns the
@@ -606,8 +621,8 @@ def get_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray):
         return ctx
 
     def display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects(
-        self, vmobjects: list, pixel_array: np.ndarray
-    ):
+        self, vmobjects: list[VMobject], pixel_array: PixelArray
+    ) -> None:
         """Displays multiple VMobjects in the pixel_array
 
         Parameters
@@ -630,8 +645,8 @@ def display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects(
                 )
 
     def display_multiple_non_background_colored_vmobjects(
-        self, vmobjects: list, pixel_array: np.ndarray
-    ):
+        self, vmobjects: Iterable[VMobject], pixel_array: PixelArray
+    ) -> None:
         """Displays multiple VMobjects in the cairo context, as long as they don't have
         background colors.
 
@@ -646,7 +661,7 @@ def display_multiple_non_background_colored_vmobjects(
         for vmobject in vmobjects:
             self.display_vectorized(vmobject, ctx)
 
-    def display_vectorized(self, vmobject: VMobject, ctx: cairo.Context):
+    def display_vectorized(self, vmobject: VMobject, ctx: cairo.Context) -> Self:
         """Displays a VMobject in the cairo context
 
         Parameters
@@ -667,7 +682,7 @@ def display_vectorized(self, vmobject: VMobject, ctx: cairo.Context):
         self.apply_stroke(ctx, vmobject)
         return self
 
-    def set_cairo_context_path(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject):
+    def set_cairo_context_path(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject) -> Self:
         """Sets a path for the cairo context with the vmobject passed
 
         Parameters
@@ -686,7 +701,9 @@ def set_cairo_context_path(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject):
         # TODO, shouldn't this be handled in transform_points_pre_display?
         # points = points - self.get_frame_center()
         if len(points) == 0:
-            return
+            # TODO:
+            # Here the return value is modified. Is that ok?
+            return self
 
         ctx.new_path()
         subpaths = vmobject.gen_subpaths_from_points_2d(points)
@@ -702,8 +719,8 @@ def set_cairo_context_path(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject):
         return self
 
     def set_cairo_context_color(
-        self, ctx: cairo.Context, rgbas: np.ndarray, vmobject: VMobject
-    ):
+        self, ctx: cairo.Context, rgbas: PixelArray, vmobject: VMobject
+    ) -> Self:
         """Sets the color of the cairo context
 
         Parameters
@@ -735,7 +752,7 @@ def set_cairo_context_color(
             ctx.set_source(pat)
         return self
 
-    def apply_fill(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject):
+    def apply_fill(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject) -> Self:
         """Fills the cairo context
 
         Parameters
@@ -756,7 +773,7 @@ def apply_fill(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject):
 
     def apply_stroke(
         self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject, background: bool = False
-    ):
+    ) -> Self:
         """Applies a stroke to the VMobject in the cairo context.
 
         Parameters
@@ -795,7 +812,9 @@ def apply_stroke(
         ctx.stroke_preserve()
         return self
 
-    def get_stroke_rgbas(self, vmobject: VMobject, background: bool = False):
+    def get_stroke_rgbas(
+        self, vmobject: VMobject, background: bool = False
+    ) -> PixelArray:
         """Gets the RGBA array for the stroke of the passed
         VMobject.
 
@@ -814,7 +833,7 @@ def get_stroke_rgbas(self, vmobject: VMobject, background: bool = False):
         """
         return vmobject.get_stroke_rgbas(background)
 
-    def get_fill_rgbas(self, vmobject: VMobject):
+    def get_fill_rgbas(self, vmobject: VMobject) -> PixelArray:
         """Returns the RGBA array of the fill of the passed VMobject
 
         Parameters
@@ -829,13 +848,15 @@ def get_fill_rgbas(self, vmobject: VMobject):
         """
         return vmobject.get_fill_rgbas()
 
-    def get_background_colored_vmobject_displayer(self):
+    def get_background_colored_vmobject_displayer(
+        self,
+    ) -> BackgroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer:
         """Returns the background_colored_vmobject_displayer
         if it exists or makes one and returns it if not.
 
         Returns
         -------
-        BackGroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer
+        BackgroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer
             Object that displays VMobjects that have the same color
             as the background.
         """
@@ -843,11 +864,11 @@ def get_background_colored_vmobject_displayer(self):
         bcvd = "background_colored_vmobject_displayer"
         if not hasattr(self, bcvd):
             setattr(self, bcvd, BackgroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer(self))
-        return getattr(self, bcvd)
+        return getattr(self, bcvd)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 
     def display_multiple_background_colored_vmobjects(
-        self, cvmobjects: list, pixel_array: np.ndarray
-    ):
+        self, cvmobjects: Iterable[VMobject], pixel_array: PixelArray
+    ) -> Self:
         """Displays multiple vmobjects that have the same color as the background.
 
         Parameters
@@ -873,8 +894,8 @@ def display_multiple_background_colored_vmobjects(
     # As a result, the other methods do not have as detailed docstrings as would be preferred.
 
     def display_multiple_point_cloud_mobjects(
-        self, pmobjects: list, pixel_array: np.ndarray
-    ):
+        self, pmobjects: list, pixel_array: PixelArray
+    ) -> None:
         """Displays multiple PMobjects by modifying the passed pixel array.
 
         Parameters
@@ -899,8 +920,8 @@ def display_point_cloud(
         points: list,
         rgbas: np.ndarray,
         thickness: float,
-        pixel_array: np.ndarray,
-    ):
+        pixel_array: PixelArray,
+    ) -> None:
         """Displays a PMobject by modifying the pixel array suitably.
 
         TODO: Write a description for the rgbas argument.
@@ -948,7 +969,7 @@ def display_point_cloud(
 
     def display_multiple_image_mobjects(
         self, image_mobjects: list, pixel_array: np.ndarray
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         """Displays multiple image mobjects by modifying the passed pixel_array.
 
         Parameters
@@ -963,7 +984,7 @@ def display_multiple_image_mobjects(
 
     def display_image_mobject(
         self, image_mobject: AbstractImageMobject, pixel_array: np.ndarray
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         """Displays an ImageMobject by changing the pixel_array suitably.
 
         Parameters
@@ -1020,7 +1041,9 @@ def display_image_mobject(
         # Paint on top of existing pixel array
         self.overlay_PIL_image(pixel_array, full_image)
 
-    def overlay_rgba_array(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray, new_array: np.ndarray):
+    def overlay_rgba_array(
+        self, pixel_array: np.ndarray, new_array: np.ndarray
+    ) -> None:
         """Overlays an RGBA array on top of the given Pixel array.
 
         Parameters
@@ -1032,7 +1055,7 @@ def overlay_rgba_array(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray, new_array: np.ndarray):
         """
         self.overlay_PIL_image(pixel_array, self.get_image(new_array))
 
-    def overlay_PIL_image(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray, image: Image):
+    def overlay_PIL_image(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray, image: Image) -> None:
         """Overlays a PIL image on the passed pixel array.
 
         Parameters
@@ -1047,7 +1070,7 @@ def overlay_PIL_image(self, pixel_array: np.ndarray, image: Image):
             dtype="uint8",
         )
 
-    def adjust_out_of_range_points(self, points: np.ndarray):
+    def adjust_out_of_range_points(self, points: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
         """If any of the points in the passed array are out of
         the viable range, they are adjusted suitably.
 
@@ -1078,9 +1101,10 @@ def adjust_out_of_range_points(self, points: np.ndarray):
 
     def transform_points_pre_display(
         self,
-        mobject,
-        points,
-    ):  # TODO: Write more detailed docstrings for this method.
+        mobject: Mobject,
+        points: np.ndarray,
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        # TODO: Write more detailed docstrings for this method.
         # NOTE: There seems to be an unused argument `mobject`.
 
         # Subclasses (like ThreeDCamera) may want to
@@ -1093,9 +1117,9 @@ def transform_points_pre_display(
 
     def points_to_pixel_coords(
         self,
-        mobject,
-        points,
-    ):  # TODO: Write more detailed docstrings for this method.
+        mobject: Mobject,
+        points: np.ndarray,
+    ) -> np.ndarray:  # TODO: Write more detailed docstrings for this method.
         points = self.transform_points_pre_display(mobject, points)
         shifted_points = points - self.frame_center
 
@@ -1115,7 +1139,7 @@ def points_to_pixel_coords(
         result[:, 1] = shifted_points[:, 1] * height_mult + height_add
         return result.astype("int")
 
-    def on_screen_pixels(self, pixel_coords: np.ndarray):
+    def on_screen_pixels(self, pixel_coords: np.ndarray) -> PixelArray:
         """Returns array of pixels that are on the screen from a given
         array of pixel_coordinates
 
@@ -1154,12 +1178,12 @@ def adjusted_thickness(self, thickness: float) -> float:
             the camera.
         """
         # TODO: This seems...unsystematic
-        big_sum = op.add(config["pixel_height"], config["pixel_width"])
-        this_sum = op.add(self.pixel_height, self.pixel_width)
+        big_sum: float = op.add(config["pixel_height"], config["pixel_width"])
+        this_sum: float = op.add(self.pixel_height, self.pixel_width)
         factor = big_sum / this_sum
         return 1 + (thickness - 1) * factor
 
-    def get_thickening_nudges(self, thickness: float):
+    def get_thickening_nudges(self, thickness: float) -> PixelArray:
         """Determine a list of vectors used to nudge
         two-dimensional pixel coordinates.
 
@@ -1176,7 +1200,9 @@ def get_thickening_nudges(self, thickness: float):
         _range = list(range(-thickness // 2 + 1, thickness // 2 + 1))
         return np.array(list(it.product(_range, _range)))
 
-    def thickened_coordinates(self, pixel_coords: np.ndarray, thickness: float):
+    def thickened_coordinates(
+        self, pixel_coords: np.ndarray, thickness: float
+    ) -> PixelArray:
         """Returns thickened coordinates for a passed array of pixel coords and
         a thickness to thicken by.
 
@@ -1198,7 +1224,7 @@ def thickened_coordinates(self, pixel_coords: np.ndarray, thickness: float):
         return pixel_coords.reshape((size // 2, 2))
 
     # TODO, reimplement using cairo matrix
-    def get_coords_of_all_pixels(self):
+    def get_coords_of_all_pixels(self) -> PixelArray:
         """Returns the cartesian coordinates of each pixel.
 
         Returns
@@ -1246,20 +1272,20 @@ class BackgroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer:
 
     def __init__(self, camera: Camera):
         self.camera = camera
-        self.file_name_to_pixel_array_map = {}
+        self.file_name_to_pixel_array_map: dict[str, PixelArray] = {}
         self.pixel_array = np.array(camera.pixel_array)
         self.reset_pixel_array()
 
-    def reset_pixel_array(self):
+    def reset_pixel_array(self) -> None:
         self.pixel_array[:, :] = 0
 
     def resize_background_array(
         self,
-        background_array: np.ndarray,
+        background_array: PixelArray,
         new_width: float,
         new_height: float,
         mode: str = "RGBA",
-    ):
+    ) -> PixelArray:
         """Resizes the pixel array representing the background.
 
         Parameters
@@ -1284,8 +1310,8 @@ def resize_background_array(
         return np.array(resized_image)
 
     def resize_background_array_to_match(
-        self, background_array: np.ndarray, pixel_array: np.ndarray
-    ):
+        self, background_array: PixelArray, pixel_array: PixelArray
+    ) -> PixelArray:
         """Resizes the background array to match the passed pixel array.
 
         Parameters
@@ -1304,7 +1330,9 @@ def resize_background_array_to_match(
         mode = "RGBA" if pixel_array.shape[2] == 4 else "RGB"
         return self.resize_background_array(background_array, width, height, mode)
 
-    def get_background_array(self, image: Image.Image | pathlib.Path | str):
+    def get_background_array(
+        self, image: Image.Image | pathlib.Path | str
+    ) -> PixelArray:
         """Gets the background array that has the passed file_name.
 
         Parameters
@@ -1333,7 +1361,7 @@ def get_background_array(self, image: Image.Image | pathlib.Path | str):
         self.file_name_to_pixel_array_map[image_key] = back_array
         return back_array
 
-    def display(self, *cvmobjects: VMobject):
+    def display(self, *cvmobjects: VMobject) -> PixelArray | None:
         """Displays the colored VMobjects.
 
         Parameters
diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index 26334a60d9..c3a03e5746 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# The following line is needed to avoid some strange
+# mypy errors related to the code around line 366.
+# mypy: disable_error_code = has-type
 r"""Mobjects representing text rendered using LaTeX.
 
 .. important::
diff --git a/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
index 56029f941e..5f83dd0240 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     import numpy.typing as npt
     from typing_extensions import Self
 
-    from manim.typing import StrPath
+    from manim.typing import PixelArray, StrPath
 
 
 class AbstractImageMobject(Mobject):
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.set_resampling_algorithm(resampling_algorithm)
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
-    def get_pixel_array(self) -> None:
+    def get_pixel_array(self) -> PixelArray:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def set_color(self, color, alpha=None, family=True):
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index 80571869be..1647b4f4ef 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ ignore_errors = True
 [mypy-manim.camera.*]
 ignore_errors = True
 
+[mypy-manim.camera.camera.*]
+ignore_errors = False
+
 [mypy-manim.cli.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 

From bddb6ad2424857aaf68aa4844bf1239923cbeca2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2025 22:45:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/34] Part 2

---
 manim/camera/moving_camera.py | 17 ++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/moving_camera.py b/manim/camera/moving_camera.py
index 1d01d01e22..ba89ee2c22 100644
--- a/manim/camera/moving_camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/moving_camera.py
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
 
 __all__ = ["MovingCamera"]
 
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any
+
 import numpy as np
 
 from .. import config
@@ -17,7 +20,7 @@
 from ..constants import DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT, UP
 from ..mobject.frame import ScreenRectangle
 from ..mobject.mobject import Mobject
-from ..utils.color import WHITE
+from ..utils.color import WHITE, ManimColor
 
 
 class MovingCamera(Camera):
@@ -33,11 +36,11 @@ class MovingCamera(Camera):
     def __init__(
         self,
         frame=None,
-        fixed_dimension=0,  # width
-        default_frame_stroke_color=WHITE,
-        default_frame_stroke_width=0,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        fixed_dimension: int = 0,  # width
+        default_frame_stroke_color: ManimColor = WHITE,
+        default_frame_stroke_width: int = 0,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         """
         Frame is a Mobject, (should almost certainly be a rectangle)
         determining which region of space the camera displays
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ def frame_center(self, frame_center: np.ndarray | list | tuple | Mobject):
         """
         self.frame.move_to(frame_center)
 
-    def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects, **kwargs):
+    def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects: Iterable[Mobject], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         # self.reset_frame_center()
         # self.realign_frame_shape()
         super().capture_mobjects(mobjects, **kwargs)

From ea60db4e21ec640819f50d730241c3d7e2d3cf01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2025 22:45:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/34] Part 3

---
 manim/camera/camera.py | 14 ++++++--------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/camera.py b/manim/camera/camera.py
index 79c83e9de3..700c164861 100644
--- a/manim/camera/camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/camera.py
@@ -299,9 +299,7 @@ def get_image(
             The PIL image of the array.
         """
         if pixel_array is None:
-            # TODO:
-            # error: Cannot determine type of "pixel_array"  [has-type]
-            pixel_array = self.pixel_array  # type: ignore[has-type]
+            pixel_array = self.pixel_array
         return Image.fromarray(pixel_array, mode=self.image_mode)
 
     def convert_pixel_array(
@@ -343,14 +341,14 @@ def set_pixel_array(
         convert_from_floats
             Whether or not to convert float values to proper RGB values, by default False
         """
-        converted_array = self.convert_pixel_array(pixel_array, convert_from_floats)
+        converted_array: PixelArray = self.convert_pixel_array(
+            pixel_array, convert_from_floats
+        )
         if not (
             hasattr(self, "pixel_array")
-            # TODO:
-            # error: Cannot determine type of "pixel_array"  [has-type]
-            and self.pixel_array.shape == converted_array.shape  # type: ignore[has-type]
+            and self.pixel_array.shape == converted_array.shape
         ):
-            self.pixel_array = converted_array
+            self.pixel_array: PixelArray = converted_array
         else:
             # Set in place
             self.pixel_array[:, :, :] = converted_array[:, :, :]

From d9dcb3d92cc9760c298b6108c3bf9068ac112980 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2025 21:19:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/34] Part 1

---
 manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
index 5f83dd0240..c0659c672b 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 from manim.mobject.geometry.shape_matchers import SurroundingRectangle
 
 from ... import config
+from ...camera.moving_camera import MovingCamera
 from ...constants import *
 from ...mobject.mobject import Mobject
 from ...utils.bezier import interpolate
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ def get_style(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
 class ImageMobjectFromCamera(AbstractImageMobject):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        camera,
+        camera: MovingCamera,
         default_display_frame_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:

From 97cc36ae3e555bb48ad7c978d064254c98587983 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2025 21:30:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/34] Add type annotations to mobject/graphing/scale.py

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py | 18 +++++++++++++-----
 mypy.ini                        |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
index 78ffa2308b..1a6635727f 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 from manim.mobject.text.numbers import Integer
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Callable
+
     from manim.mobject.mobject import Mobject
 
 
@@ -139,15 +141,19 @@ def __init__(self, base: float = 10, custom_labels: bool = True):
 
     def function(self, value: float) -> float:
         """Scales the value to fit it to a logarithmic scale.``self.function(5)==10**5``"""
-        return self.base**value
+        val: float = self.base**value
+        return val
 
     def inverse_function(self, value: float) -> float:
         """Inverse of ``function``. The value must be greater than 0"""
         if isinstance(value, np.ndarray):
             condition = value.any() <= 0
 
-            def func(value, base):
-                return np.log(value) / np.log(base)
+            func: Callable[[float, float], float]
+
+            def func(value: float, base: float) -> float:
+                val: float = np.log(value) / np.log(base)
+                return val
         else:
             condition = value <= 0
             func = math.log
@@ -177,11 +183,13 @@ def get_custom_labels(
             Additional arguments to be passed to :class:`~.Integer`.
         """
         # uses `format` syntax to control the number of decimal places.
-        tex_labels = [
+        tex_labels: list[Mobject] = [
             Integer(
                 self.base,
                 unit="^{%s}" % (f"{self.inverse_function(i):.{unit_decimal_places}f}"),  # noqa: UP031
-                **base_config,
+                # TODO:
+                # error: Argument 3 to "Integer" has incompatible type "**dict[str, dict[str, Any]]"; expected "int"  [arg-type]
+                **base_config,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
             )
             for i in val_range
         ]
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index 1647b4f4ef..826626ad9d 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ ignore_errors = False
 [mypy-manim.cli.cfg.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 
+[mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.scale.*]
+ignore_errors = False
+
 [mypy-manim.gui.*]
 ignore_errors = True
 

From 65129cc1b7f68cf953e29b13ca566709c642c61e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2025 22:26:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/34] Add type annotations to most of
 mobject/graphing/probability.py

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py |   2 +-
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py | 141 +++++++++++++++++---------
 mypy.ini                              |   3 +
 3 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index 017fac5bcb..af834cda37 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def __init__(
         include_numbers: bool = False,
         font_size: float = 36,
         label_direction: Sequence[float] = DOWN,
-        label_constructor: VMobject = MathTex,
+        label_constructor: type[MathTex] = MathTex,
         scaling: _ScaleBase = LinearBase(),
         line_to_number_buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF,
         decimal_number_config: dict | None = None,
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index 24134c0a7a..f8adc83c19 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 
 from collections.abc import Iterable, MutableSequence, Sequence
+from typing import Any
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@
 from manim.mobject.opengl.opengl_mobject import OpenGLMobject
 from manim.mobject.svg.brace import Brace
 from manim.mobject.text.tex_mobject import MathTex, Tex
-from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject
+from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
+from manim.typing import Vector3D
 from manim.utils.color import (
     BLUE_E,
     DARK_GREY,
@@ -54,14 +56,14 @@ def construct(self):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        height=3,
-        width=3,
-        fill_color=DARK_GREY,
-        fill_opacity=1,
-        stroke_width=0.5,
-        stroke_color=LIGHT_GREY,
-        default_label_scale_val=1,
-    ):
+        height: float = 3,
+        width: float = 3,
+        fill_color: ParsableManimColor = DARK_GREY,
+        fill_opacity: float = 1,
+        stroke_width: float = 0.5,
+        stroke_color: ParsableManimColor = LIGHT_GREY,
+        default_label_scale_val: float = 1,
+    ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
             height=height,
             width=width,
@@ -72,7 +74,9 @@ def __init__(
         )
         self.default_label_scale_val = default_label_scale_val
 
-    def add_title(self, title="Sample space", buff=MED_SMALL_BUFF):
+    def add_title(
+        self, title: str = "Sample space", buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF
+    ) -> None:
         # TODO, should this really exist in SampleSpaceScene
         title_mob = Tex(title)
         if title_mob.width > self.width:
@@ -81,23 +85,30 @@ def add_title(self, title="Sample space", buff=MED_SMALL_BUFF):
         self.title = title_mob
         self.add(title_mob)
 
-    def add_label(self, label):
+    def add_label(self, label: str) -> None:
         self.label = label
 
-    def complete_p_list(self, p_list):
+    def complete_p_list(self, p_list: list[tuple]) -> list[float]:
         new_p_list = list(tuplify(p_list))
         remainder = 1.0 - sum(new_p_list)
         if abs(remainder) > EPSILON:
             new_p_list.append(remainder)
         return new_p_list
 
-    def get_division_along_dimension(self, p_list, dim, colors, vect):
-        p_list = self.complete_p_list(p_list)
-        colors = color_gradient(colors, len(p_list))
+    def get_division_along_dimension(
+        self,
+        p_list: list[tuple],
+        dim: int,
+        colors: Sequence[ParsableManimColor],
+        vect: Vector3D,
+    ) -> VGroup:
+        p_list_complete = self.complete_p_list(p_list)
+        colors_in_gradient = color_gradient(colors, len(p_list))
+        assert isinstance(colors_in_gradient, list)
 
         last_point = self.get_edge_center(-vect)
         parts = VGroup()
-        for factor, color in zip(p_list, colors):
+        for factor, color in zip(p_list_complete, colors_in_gradient):
             part = SampleSpace()
             part.set_fill(color, 1)
             part.replace(self, stretch=True)
@@ -107,28 +118,42 @@ def get_division_along_dimension(self, p_list, dim, colors, vect):
             parts.add(part)
         return parts
 
-    def get_horizontal_division(self, p_list, colors=[GREEN_E, BLUE_E], vect=DOWN):
+    def get_horizontal_division(
+        self,
+        p_list: list[tuple],
+        colors: Sequence[ParsableManimColor] = [GREEN_E, BLUE_E],
+        vect: Vector3D = DOWN,
+    ) -> VGroup:
         return self.get_division_along_dimension(p_list, 1, colors, vect)
 
-    def get_vertical_division(self, p_list, colors=[MAROON_B, YELLOW], vect=RIGHT):
+    def get_vertical_division(
+        self,
+        p_list: list[tuple],
+        colors: Sequence[ParsableManimColor] = [MAROON_B, YELLOW],
+        vect: Vector3D = RIGHT,
+    ) -> VGroup:
         return self.get_division_along_dimension(p_list, 0, colors, vect)
 
-    def divide_horizontally(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    # TODO:
+    # error: Function is missing a type annotation for one or more arguments  [no-untyped-def]
+    def divide_horizontally(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
         self.horizontal_parts = self.get_horizontal_division(*args, **kwargs)
         self.add(self.horizontal_parts)
 
-    def divide_vertically(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    # TODO:
+    # error: Function is missing a type annotation for one or more arguments  [no-untyped-def]
+    def divide_vertically(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
         self.vertical_parts = self.get_vertical_division(*args, **kwargs)
         self.add(self.vertical_parts)
 
     def get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(
         self,
-        parts,
-        labels,
-        direction,
-        buff=SMALL_BUFF,
-        min_num_quads=1,
-    ):
+        parts: VGroup,
+        labels: list[str | Mobject | OpenGLMobject],
+        direction: Vector3D,
+        buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
+        min_num_quads: int = 1,
+    ) -> VGroup:
         label_mobs = VGroup()
         braces = VGroup()
         for label, part in zip(labels, parts):
@@ -141,34 +166,47 @@ def get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(
             label_mob.next_to(brace, direction, buff)
 
             braces.add(brace)
-            label_mobs.add(label_mob)
-        parts.braces = braces
-        parts.labels = label_mobs
-        parts.label_kwargs = {
+            # TODO:
+            # error: Argument 1 to "add" of "VGroup" has incompatible type "Mobject | OpenGLMobject"; expected "VMobject | Iterable[VMobject]"  [arg-type]
+            label_mobs.add(label_mob)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        # TODO:
+        # error: "VGroup" has no attribute "braces"  [attr-defined]
+        parts.braces = braces  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        parts.labels = label_mobs  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        parts.label_kwargs = {  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             "labels": label_mobs.copy(),
             "direction": direction,
             "buff": buff,
         }
         return VGroup(parts.braces, parts.labels)
 
-    def get_side_braces_and_labels(self, labels, direction=LEFT, **kwargs):
+    def get_side_braces_and_labels(
+        self,
+        labels: list[str | Mobject | OpenGLMobject],
+        direction: Vector3D = LEFT,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> VGroup:
         assert hasattr(self, "horizontal_parts")
         parts = self.horizontal_parts
         return self.get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(
             parts, labels, direction, **kwargs
         )
 
-    def get_top_braces_and_labels(self, labels, **kwargs):
+    def get_top_braces_and_labels(
+        self, labels: list[str | Mobject | OpenGLMobject], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> VGroup:
         assert hasattr(self, "vertical_parts")
         parts = self.vertical_parts
         return self.get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(parts, labels, UP, **kwargs)
 
-    def get_bottom_braces_and_labels(self, labels, **kwargs):
+    def get_bottom_braces_and_labels(
+        self, labels: list[str | Mobject | OpenGLMobject], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> VGroup:
         assert hasattr(self, "vertical_parts")
         parts = self.vertical_parts
         return self.get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(parts, labels, DOWN, **kwargs)
 
-    def add_braces_and_labels(self):
+    def add_braces_and_labels(self) -> None:
         for attr in "horizontal_parts", "vertical_parts":
             if not hasattr(self, attr):
                 continue
@@ -177,12 +215,16 @@ def add_braces_and_labels(self):
                 if hasattr(parts, subattr):
                     self.add(getattr(parts, subattr))
 
-    def __getitem__(self, index):
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> VGroup:
         if hasattr(self, "horizontal_parts"):
-            return self.horizontal_parts[index]
+            val: VGroup = self.horizontal_parts[index]
+            return val
         elif hasattr(self, "vertical_parts"):
-            return self.vertical_parts[index]
-        return self.split()[index]
+            val = self.vertical_parts[index]
+            return val
+        # TODO:
+        # error: Incompatible return value type (got "SampleSpace", expected "VGroup")  [return-value]
+        return self.split()[index]  # type: ignore[return-value]
 
 
 class BarChart(Axes):
@@ -253,8 +295,8 @@ def __init__(
         bar_width: float = 0.6,
         bar_fill_opacity: float = 0.7,
         bar_stroke_width: float = 3,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         if isinstance(bar_colors, str):
             logger.warning(
                 "Passing a string to `bar_colors` has been deprecated since v0.15.2 and will be removed after v0.17.0, the parameter must be a list.  "
@@ -311,7 +353,7 @@ def __init__(
 
         self.y_axis.add_numbers()
 
-    def _update_colors(self):
+    def _update_colors(self) -> None:
         """Initialize the colors of the bars of the chart.
 
         Sets the color of ``self.bars`` via ``self.bar_colors``.
@@ -321,13 +363,14 @@ def _update_colors(self):
         """
         self.bars.set_color_by_gradient(*self.bar_colors)
 
-    def _add_x_axis_labels(self):
+    def _add_x_axis_labels(self) -> None:
         """Essentially :meth`:~.NumberLine.add_labels`, but differs in that
         the direction of the label with respect to the x_axis changes to UP or DOWN
         depending on the value.
 
         UP for negative values and DOWN for positive values.
         """
+        assert isinstance(self.bar_names, list)
         val_range = np.arange(
             0.5, len(self.bar_names), 1
         )  # 0.5 shifted so that labels are centered, not on ticks
@@ -338,7 +381,7 @@ def _add_x_axis_labels(self):
             # to accommodate negative bars, the label may need to be
             # below or above the x_axis depending on the value of the bar
             direction = UP if self.values[i] < 0 else DOWN
-            bar_name_label = self.x_axis.label_constructor(bar_name)
+            bar_name_label: MathTex = self.x_axis.label_constructor(bar_name)
 
             bar_name_label.font_size = self.x_axis.font_size
             bar_name_label.next_to(
@@ -398,8 +441,8 @@ def get_bar_labels(
         color: ParsableManimColor | None = None,
         font_size: float = 24,
         buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF,
-        label_constructor: type[VMobject] = Tex,
-    ):
+        label_constructor: type[MathTex] = Tex,
+    ) -> VGroup:
         """Annotates each bar with its corresponding value. Use ``self.bar_labels`` to access the
         labels after creation.
 
@@ -431,7 +474,7 @@ def construct(self):
         """
         bar_labels = VGroup()
         for bar, value in zip(self.bars, self.values):
-            bar_lbl = label_constructor(str(value))
+            bar_lbl: MathTex = label_constructor(str(value))
 
             if color is None:
                 bar_lbl.set_color(bar.get_fill_color())
@@ -446,7 +489,9 @@ def construct(self):
 
         return bar_labels
 
-    def change_bar_values(self, values: Iterable[float], update_colors: bool = True):
+    def change_bar_values(
+        self, values: Iterable[float], update_colors: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
         """Updates the height of the bars of the chart.
 
         Parameters
@@ -512,4 +557,4 @@ def construct(self):
         if update_colors:
             self._update_colors()
 
-        self.values[: len(values)] = values
+        self.values[: len(list(values))] = values
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index 826626ad9d..ad355f707c 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ ignore_errors = False
 [mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.scale.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 
+[mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.probability.*]
+ignore_errors = False
+
 [mypy-manim.gui.*]
 ignore_errors = True
 

From 785ad1ad8670ef42ab20b3a36ec5744e9e32b29e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2025 22:59:57 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/34] Add type annotations to mobject/graphing/number_line.py

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 95 +++++++++++++++++----------
 manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py       |  9 ++-
 mypy.ini                              |  3 +
 3 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index af834cda37..f12877521e 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any
+
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
     from manim.mobject.geometry.tips import ArrowTip
     from manim.typing import Point3DLike
 
@@ -164,8 +168,8 @@ def __init__(
         decimal_number_config: dict | None = None,
         numbers_to_exclude: Iterable[float] | None = None,
         numbers_to_include: Iterable[float] | None = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         # avoid mutable arguments in defaults
         if numbers_to_exclude is None:
             numbers_to_exclude = []
@@ -189,6 +193,9 @@ def __init__(
 
         # turn into a NumPy array to scale by just applying the function
         self.x_range = np.array(x_range, dtype=float)
+        self.x_min: float
+        self.x_max: float
+        self.x_step: float
         self.x_min, self.x_max, self.x_step = scaling.function(self.x_range)
         self.length = length
         self.unit_size = unit_size
@@ -250,7 +257,9 @@ def __init__(
                     dict(
                         zip(
                             tick_range,
-                            self.scaling.get_custom_labels(
+                            # TODO:
+                            # Argument 2 to "zip" has incompatible type "Iterable[Mobject]"; expected "Iterable[str | float | VMobject]"  [arg-type]
+                            self.scaling.get_custom_labels(  # type: ignore[arg-type]
                                 tick_range,
                                 unit_decimal_places=decimal_number_config[
                                     "num_decimal_places"
@@ -267,21 +276,25 @@ def __init__(
                     font_size=self.font_size,
                 )
 
-    def rotate_about_zero(self, angle: float, axis: Sequence[float] = OUT, **kwargs):
+    def rotate_about_zero(
+        self, angle: float, axis: Sequence[float] = OUT, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Self:
         return self.rotate_about_number(0, angle, axis, **kwargs)
 
     def rotate_about_number(
-        self, number: float, angle: float, axis: Sequence[float] = OUT, **kwargs
-    ):
+        self, number: float, angle: float, axis: Sequence[float] = OUT, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Self:
         return self.rotate(angle, axis, about_point=self.n2p(number), **kwargs)
 
-    def add_ticks(self):
+    def add_ticks(self) -> None:
         """Adds ticks to the number line. Ticks can be accessed after creation
         via ``self.ticks``.
         """
         ticks = VGroup()
         elongated_tick_size = self.tick_size * self.longer_tick_multiple
-        elongated_tick_offsets = self.numbers_with_elongated_ticks - self.x_min
+        elongated_tick_offsets = (
+            np.array(self.numbers_with_elongated_ticks) - self.x_min
+        )
         for x in self.get_tick_range():
             size = self.tick_size
             if np.any(np.isclose(x - self.x_min, elongated_tick_offsets)):
@@ -413,19 +426,22 @@ def point_to_number(self, point: Sequence[float]) -> float:
         point = np.asarray(point)
         start, end = self.get_start_and_end()
         unit_vect = normalize(end - start)
-        proportion = np.dot(point - start, unit_vect) / np.dot(end - start, unit_vect)
+        proportion: float = np.dot(point - start, unit_vect) / np.dot(
+            end - start, unit_vect
+        )
         return interpolate(self.x_min, self.x_max, proportion)
 
     def n2p(self, number: float | np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
         """Abbreviation for :meth:`~.NumberLine.number_to_point`."""
         return self.number_to_point(number)
 
-    def p2n(self, point: Sequence[float]) -> float:
+    def p2n(self, point: Point3DLike) -> float:
         """Abbreviation for :meth:`~.NumberLine.point_to_number`."""
         return self.point_to_number(point)
 
     def get_unit_size(self) -> float:
-        return self.get_length() / (self.x_range[1] - self.x_range[0])
+        val: float = self.get_length() / (self.x_range[1] - self.x_range[0])
+        return val
 
     def get_unit_vector(self) -> np.ndarray:
         return super().get_unit_vector() * self.unit_size
@@ -436,8 +452,8 @@ def get_number_mobject(
         direction: Sequence[float] | None = None,
         buff: float | None = None,
         font_size: float | None = None,
-        label_constructor: VMobject | None = None,
-        **number_config,
+        label_constructor: type[MathTex] | None = None,
+        **number_config: dict[str, Any],
     ) -> VMobject:
         """Generates a positioned :class:`~.DecimalNumber` mobject
         generated according to ``label_constructor``.
@@ -476,7 +492,12 @@ def get_number_mobject(
             label_constructor = self.label_constructor
 
         num_mob = DecimalNumber(
-            x, font_size=font_size, mob_class=label_constructor, **number_config
+            # TODO:
+            # error: Argument 4 to "DecimalNumber" has incompatible type "**dict[str, dict[str, Any]]"; expected "int"  [arg-type]
+            x,
+            font_size=font_size,
+            mob_class=label_constructor,
+            **number_config,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         )
 
         num_mob.next_to(self.number_to_point(x), direction=direction, buff=buff)
@@ -485,7 +506,7 @@ def get_number_mobject(
             num_mob.shift(num_mob[0].width * LEFT / 2)
         return num_mob
 
-    def get_number_mobjects(self, *numbers, **kwargs) -> VGroup:
+    def get_number_mobjects(self, *numbers: float, **kwargs: Any) -> VGroup:
         if len(numbers) == 0:
             numbers = self.default_numbers_to_display()
         return VGroup([self.get_number_mobject(number, **kwargs) for number in numbers])
@@ -498,9 +519,9 @@ def add_numbers(
         x_values: Iterable[float] | None = None,
         excluding: Iterable[float] | None = None,
         font_size: float | None = None,
-        label_constructor: VMobject | None = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        label_constructor: type[MathTex] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Self:
         """Adds :class:`~.DecimalNumber` mobjects representing their position
         at each tick of the number line. The numbers can be accessed after creation
         via ``self.numbers``.
@@ -551,11 +572,11 @@ def add_numbers(
     def add_labels(
         self,
         dict_values: dict[float, str | float | VMobject],
-        direction: Sequence[float] = None,
+        direction: Sequence[float] | None = None,
         buff: float | None = None,
         font_size: float | None = None,
-        label_constructor: VMobject | None = None,
-    ):
+        label_constructor: type[MathTex] | None = None,
+    ) -> Self:
         """Adds specifically positioned labels to the :class:`~.NumberLine` using a ``dict``.
         The labels can be accessed after creation via ``self.labels``.
 
@@ -598,6 +619,7 @@ def add_labels(
                 label = self._create_label_tex(label, label_constructor)
 
             if hasattr(label, "font_size"):
+                assert isinstance(label, MathTex)
                 label.font_size = font_size
             else:
                 raise AttributeError(f"{label} is not compatible with add_labels.")
@@ -612,7 +634,7 @@ def _create_label_tex(
         self,
         label_tex: str | float | VMobject,
         label_constructor: Callable | None = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> VMobject:
         """Checks if the label is a :class:`~.VMobject`, otherwise, creates a
         label by passing ``label_tex`` to ``label_constructor``.
@@ -633,24 +655,25 @@ def _create_label_tex(
         :class:`~.VMobject`
             The label.
         """
-        if label_constructor is None:
-            label_constructor = self.label_constructor
         if isinstance(label_tex, (VMobject, OpenGLVMobject)):
             return label_tex
-        else:
+        if label_constructor is None:
+            label_constructor = self.label_constructor
+        if isinstance(label_tex, str):
             return label_constructor(label_tex, **kwargs)
+        return label_constructor(str(label_tex), **kwargs)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _decimal_places_from_step(step) -> int:
-        step = str(step)
-        if "." not in step:
+    def _decimal_places_from_step(step: float) -> int:
+        step_str = str(step)
+        if "." not in step_str:
             return 0
-        return len(step.split(".")[-1])
+        return len(step_str.split(".")[-1])
 
-    def __matmul__(self, other: float):
+    def __matmul__(self, other: float) -> np.ndarray:
         return self.n2p(other)
 
-    def __rmatmul__(self, other: Point3DLike | Mobject):
+    def __rmatmul__(self, other: Point3DLike | Mobject) -> float:
         if isinstance(other, Mobject):
             other = other.get_center()
         return self.p2n(other)
@@ -659,11 +682,11 @@ def __rmatmul__(self, other: Point3DLike | Mobject):
 class UnitInterval(NumberLine):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        unit_size=10,
-        numbers_with_elongated_ticks=None,
-        decimal_number_config=None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        unit_size: float = 10,
+        numbers_with_elongated_ticks: list[float] | None = None,
+        decimal_number_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         numbers_with_elongated_ticks = (
             [0, 1]
             if numbers_with_elongated_ticks is None
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
index 1a6635727f..173f3d93a3 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 from manim.mobject.text.numbers import Integer
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import Callable
+    from typing import Callable, overload
 
     from manim.mobject.mobject import Mobject
 
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ class _ScaleBase:
     def __init__(self, custom_labels: bool = False):
         self.custom_labels = custom_labels
 
+    @overload
+    def function(self, value: float) -> float: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def function(self, value: np.array) -> np.array: ...
+
     def function(self, value: float) -> float:
         """The function that will be used to scale the values.
 
@@ -61,6 +67,7 @@ def inverse_function(self, value: float) -> float:
     def get_custom_labels(
         self,
         val_range: Iterable[float],
+        **kw_args: Any,
     ) -> Iterable[Mobject]:
         """Custom instructions for generating labels along an axis.
 
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index ad355f707c..4dfc8f3c92 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ ignore_errors = False
 [mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.scale.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 
+[mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.number_line.*]
+ignore_errors = False
+
 [mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.probability.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 

From 859358ee0fee757f6df632af8e8c68bf9064a1a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Tue, 21 Jan 2025 07:39:13 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/34] Avoid a circular import.

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 14 ++++++++++----
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py |  4 +++-
 manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py       |  4 ++--
 manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py  |  3 ++-
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index f12877521e..2f96a89712 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -496,7 +496,9 @@ def get_number_mobject(
             # error: Argument 4 to "DecimalNumber" has incompatible type "**dict[str, dict[str, Any]]"; expected "int"  [arg-type]
             x,
             font_size=font_size,
-            mob_class=label_constructor,
+            # TODO
+            # error: Argument "mob_class" to "DecimalNumber" has incompatible type "type[MathTex]"; expected "VMobject"  [arg-type]
+            mob_class=label_constructor,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
             **number_config,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         )
 
@@ -614,13 +616,17 @@ def add_labels(
             # this method via CoordinateSystem.add_coordinates()
             # must be explicitly called
             if isinstance(label, str) and label_constructor is MathTex:
-                label = Tex(label)
+                # TODO
+                # error: Call to untyped function "Tex" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
+                label = Tex(label)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
             else:
                 label = self._create_label_tex(label, label_constructor)
 
             if hasattr(label, "font_size"):
-                assert isinstance(label, MathTex)
-                label.font_size = font_size
+                # assert isinstance(label, MathTex)
+                # TODO
+                # error: "VMobject" has no attribute "font_size"  [attr-defined]
+                label.font_size = font_size  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             else:
                 raise AttributeError(f"{label} is not compatible with add_labels.")
             label.next_to(self.number_to_point(x), direction=direction, buff=buff)
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index f8adc83c19..b8440596e5 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ def add_title(
         self, title: str = "Sample space", buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF
     ) -> None:
         # TODO, should this really exist in SampleSpaceScene
-        title_mob = Tex(title)
+        # TODO
+        # error: Call to untyped function "Tex" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
+        title_mob = Tex(title)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
         if title_mob.width > self.width:
             title_mob.width = self.width
         title_mob.next_to(self, UP, buff=buff)
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
index 173f3d93a3..56a02d65b8 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import math
 from collections.abc import Iterable
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, overload
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 from manim.mobject.text.numbers import Integer
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing import Callable, overload
+    from typing import Callable
 
     from manim.mobject.mobject import Mobject
 
diff --git a/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
index c0659c672b..8a7d166cfb 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 from manim.mobject.geometry.shape_matchers import SurroundingRectangle
 
 from ... import config
-from ...camera.moving_camera import MovingCamera
 from ...constants import *
 from ...mobject.mobject import Mobject
 from ...utils.bezier import interpolate
@@ -31,6 +30,8 @@
 
     from manim.typing import PixelArray, StrPath
 
+    from ...camera.moving_camera import MovingCamera
+
 
 class AbstractImageMobject(Mobject):
     """

From f8e1bae748dbe60cf1e1a17dafbac83d7805f7d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2025 23:10:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/34] Add type annotations to mobject/graphing/functions.py

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py | 37 +++++++++++++++++++----------
 mypy.ini                            |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
index 83c48b1092..5cf406dd22 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any
+
     from typing_extensions import Self
 
     from manim.typing import Point3D, Point3DLike
+    from manim.utils.color import ParsableManimColor
 
 from manim.utils.color import YELLOW
 
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ def __init__(
         discontinuities: Iterable[float] | None = None,
         use_smoothing: bool = True,
         use_vectorized: bool = False,
-        **kwargs,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         def internal_parametric_function(t: float) -> Point3D:
             """Wrap ``function``'s output inside a NumPy array."""
@@ -143,13 +146,13 @@ def generate_points(self) -> Self:
                 lambda t: self.t_min <= t <= self.t_max,
                 self.discontinuities,
             )
-            discontinuities = np.array(list(discontinuities))
+            discontinuities_array = np.array(list(discontinuities))
             boundary_times = np.array(
                 [
                     self.t_min,
                     self.t_max,
-                    *(discontinuities - self.dt),
-                    *(discontinuities + self.dt),
+                    *(discontinuities_array - self.dt),
+                    *(discontinuities_array + self.dt),
                 ],
             )
             boundary_times.sort()
@@ -211,19 +214,29 @@ def construct(self):
                 self.add(cos_func, sin_func_1, sin_func_2)
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, function, x_range=None, color=YELLOW, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        function: Callable[[float], Any],
+        x_range: np.array | None = None,
+        color: ParsableManimColor = YELLOW,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         if x_range is None:
             x_range = np.array([-config["frame_x_radius"], config["frame_x_radius"]])
 
         self.x_range = x_range
-        self.parametric_function = lambda t: np.array([t, function(t), 0])
-        self.function = function
+        self.parametric_function: Callable[[float], np.array] = lambda t: np.array(
+            [t, function(t), 0]
+        )
+        # TODO:
+        # error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Callable[[float], Any]", variable has type "Callable[[Arg(float, 't')], Any]")  [assignment]
+        self.function = function  # type: ignore[assignment]
         super().__init__(self.parametric_function, self.x_range, color=color, **kwargs)
 
-    def get_function(self):
+    def get_function(self) -> Callable[[float], Any]:
         return self.function
 
-    def get_point_from_function(self, x):
+    def get_point_from_function(self, x: float) -> np.array:
         return self.parametric_function(x)
 
 
@@ -236,8 +249,8 @@ def __init__(
         min_depth: int = 5,
         max_quads: int = 1500,
         use_smoothing: bool = True,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         """An implicit function.
 
         Parameters
@@ -295,7 +308,7 @@ def construct(self):
 
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
-    def generate_points(self):
+    def generate_points(self) -> Self:
         p_min, p_max = (
             np.array([self.x_range[0], self.y_range[0]]),
             np.array([self.x_range[1], self.y_range[1]]),
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index 4dfc8f3c92..4e6e3fcbf8 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ ignore_errors = False
 [mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.scale.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 
+[mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.functions.*]
+ignore_errors = False
+
 [mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.number_line.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 

From d5d3928e308d119213e1e4a5a3c425d94a63d83c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2025 21:54:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/34] In progress: Add typehints to
 graphing/coordinate_systems.py part1

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py | 32 +++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
index b21879b90b..d828a66c99 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
@@ -153,11 +153,12 @@ def __init__(
         self.x_length = x_length
         self.y_length = y_length
         self.num_sampled_graph_points_per_tick = 10
+        self.x_axis: NumberLine
 
-    def coords_to_point(self, *coords: ManimFloat):
+    def coords_to_point(self, *coords: ManimFloat) -> Point3DLike:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def point_to_coords(self, point: Point3DLike):
+    def point_to_coords(self, point: Point3DLike) -> list[ManimFloat]:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def polar_to_point(self, radius: float, azimuth: float) -> Point2D:
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ def c2p(
         """Abbreviation for :meth:`coords_to_point`"""
         return self.coords_to_point(*coords)
 
-    def p2c(self, point: Point3DLike):
+    def p2c(self, point: Point3DLike) -> list[ManimFloat]:
         """Abbreviation for :meth:`point_to_coords`"""
         return self.point_to_coords(point)
 
@@ -221,17 +222,18 @@ def pr2pt(self, radius: float, azimuth: float) -> np.ndarray:
         """Abbreviation for :meth:`polar_to_point`"""
         return self.polar_to_point(radius, azimuth)
 
-    def pt2pr(self, point: np.ndarray) -> tuple[float, float]:
+    def pt2pr(self, point: np.ndarray) -> Point2D:
         """Abbreviation for :meth:`point_to_polar`"""
         return self.point_to_polar(point)
 
-    def get_axes(self):
+    def get_axes(self) -> VGroup:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def get_axis(self, index: int) -> Mobject:
-        return self.get_axes()[index]
+    def get_axis(self, index: int) -> NumberLine:
+        val: NumberLine = self.get_axes()[index]
+        return val
 
-    def get_origin(self) -> np.ndarray:
+    def get_origin(self) -> Point3DLike:
         """Gets the origin of :class:`~.Axes`.
 
         Returns
@@ -241,13 +243,13 @@ def get_origin(self) -> np.ndarray:
         """
         return self.coords_to_point(0, 0)
 
-    def get_x_axis(self) -> Mobject:
+    def get_x_axis(self) -> NumberLine:
         return self.get_axis(0)
 
-    def get_y_axis(self) -> Mobject:
+    def get_y_axis(self) -> NumberLine:
         return self.get_axis(1)
 
-    def get_z_axis(self) -> Mobject:
+    def get_z_axis(self) -> NumberLine:
         return self.get_axis(2)
 
     def get_x_unit_size(self) -> float:
@@ -258,11 +260,11 @@ def get_y_unit_size(self) -> float:
 
     def get_x_axis_label(
         self,
-        label: float | str | Mobject,
+        label: float | str | VMobject,
         edge: Sequence[float] = UR,
         direction: Sequence[float] = UR,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
-        **kwargs,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Mobject:
         """Generate an x-axis label.
 
@@ -301,11 +303,11 @@ def construct(self):
 
     def get_y_axis_label(
         self,
-        label: float | str | Mobject,
+        label: float | str | VMobject,
         edge: Sequence[float] = UR,
         direction: Sequence[float] = UP * 0.5 + RIGHT,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
-        **kwargs,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Mobject:
         """Generate a y-axis label.
 

From 3969b7ea448a35ea6af22a03d83acfffdaf59cf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Tue, 21 Jan 2025 07:49:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/34] In progress: Add typehints to
 graphing/coordinate_systems.py part 2

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py | 104 +++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
index d828a66c99..24bb42e8b8 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ def construct(self):
 
     def _get_axis_label(
         self,
-        label: float | str | Mobject,
+        label: float | str | VMobject,
         axis: Mobject,
         edge: Sequence[float],
         direction: Sequence[float],
@@ -375,12 +375,14 @@ def _get_axis_label(
         :class:`~.Mobject`
             The positioned label along the given axis.
         """
-        label = self.x_axis._create_label_tex(label)
-        label.next_to(axis.get_edge_center(edge), direction=direction, buff=buff)
-        label.shift_onto_screen(buff=MED_SMALL_BUFF)
-        return label
+        label_mobject: Mobject = self.x_axis._create_label_tex(label)
+        label_mobject.next_to(
+            axis.get_edge_center(edge), direction=direction, buff=buff
+        )
+        label_mobject.shift_onto_screen(buff=MED_SMALL_BUFF)
+        return label_mobject
 
-    def get_axis_labels(self):
+    def get_axis_labels(self) -> VGroup:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def add_coordinates(
@@ -554,7 +556,7 @@ def construct(self):
         """
         return self.get_line_from_axis_to_point(0, point, **kwargs)
 
-    def get_horizontal_line(self, point: Sequence[float], **kwargs) -> Line:
+    def get_horizontal_line(self, point: Sequence[float], **kwargs: Any) -> Line:
         """A horizontal line from the y-axis to a given point in the scene.
 
         Parameters
@@ -586,7 +588,7 @@ def construct(self):
         """
         return self.get_line_from_axis_to_point(1, point, **kwargs)
 
-    def get_lines_to_point(self, point: Sequence[float], **kwargs) -> VGroup:
+    def get_lines_to_point(self, point: Sequence[float], **kwargs: Any) -> VGroup:
         """Generate both horizontal and vertical lines from the axis to a point.
 
         Parameters
@@ -1095,7 +1097,7 @@ def i2gp(self, x: float, graph: ParametricFunction) -> np.ndarray:
     def get_graph_label(
         self,
         graph: ParametricFunction,
-        label: float | str | Mobject = "f(x)",
+        label: float | str | VMobject = "f(x)",
         x_val: float | None = None,
         direction: Sequence[float] = RIGHT,
         buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF,
@@ -1152,7 +1154,7 @@ def construct(self):
             dot_config = {}
         if color is None:
             color = graph.get_color()
-        label = self.x_axis._create_label_tex(label).set_color(color)
+        label_object: Mobject = self.x_axis._create_label_tex(label).set_color(color)
 
         if x_val is None:
             # Search from right to left
@@ -1163,14 +1165,14 @@ def construct(self):
         else:
             point = self.input_to_graph_point(x_val, graph)
 
-        label.next_to(point, direction, buff=buff)
-        label.shift_onto_screen()
+        label_object.next_to(point, direction, buff=buff)
+        label_object.shift_onto_screen()
 
         if dot:
             dot = Dot(point=point, **dot_config)
-            label.add(dot)
-            label.dot = dot
-        return label
+            label_object.add(dot)
+            label_object.dot = dot
+        return label_object
 
     # calculus
 
@@ -1178,14 +1180,14 @@ def get_riemann_rectangles(
         self,
         graph: ParametricFunction,
         x_range: Sequence[float] | None = None,
-        dx: float | None = 0.1,
+        dx: float = 0.1,
         input_sample_type: str = "left",
         stroke_width: float = 1,
         stroke_color: ParsableManimColor = BLACK,
         fill_opacity: float = 1,
         color: Iterable[ParsableManimColor] | ParsableManimColor = (BLUE, GREEN),
         show_signed_area: bool = True,
-        bounded_graph: ParametricFunction = None,
+        bounded_graph: ParametricFunction | None = None,
         blend: bool = False,
         width_scale_factor: float = 1.001,
     ) -> VGroup:
@@ -1279,16 +1281,16 @@ def construct(self):
         x_range = [*x_range[:2], dx]
 
         rectangles = VGroup()
-        x_range = np.arange(*x_range)
+        x_range_array = np.arange(*x_range)
 
         if isinstance(color, (list, tuple)):
             color = [ManimColor(c) for c in color]
         else:
             color = [ManimColor(color)]
 
-        colors = color_gradient(color, len(x_range))
+        colors = color_gradient(color, len(x_range_array))
 
-        for x, color in zip(x_range, colors):
+        for x, color in zip(x_range_array, colors):
             if input_sample_type == "left":
                 sample_input = x
             elif input_sample_type == "right":
@@ -1343,7 +1345,7 @@ def get_area(
         x_range: tuple[float, float] | None = None,
         color: ParsableManimColor | Iterable[ParsableManimColor] = (BLUE, GREEN),
         opacity: float = 0.3,
-        bounded_graph: ParametricFunction = None,
+        bounded_graph: ParametricFunction | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Polygon:
         """Returns a :class:`~.Polygon` representing the area under the graph passed.
@@ -1487,10 +1489,14 @@ def slope_of_tangent(
             ax.slope_of_tangent(x=-2, graph=curve)
             # -3.5000000259052038
         """
-        return np.tan(self.angle_of_tangent(x, graph, **kwargs))
+        val: float = np.tan(self.angle_of_tangent(x, graph, **kwargs))
+        return val
 
     def plot_derivative_graph(
-        self, graph: ParametricFunction, color: ParsableManimColor = GREEN, **kwargs
+        self,
+        graph: ParametricFunction,
+        color: ParsableManimColor = GREEN,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> ParametricFunction:
         """Returns the curve of the derivative of the passed graph.
 
@@ -1528,7 +1534,7 @@ def construct(self):
                     self.add(ax, curves, labels)
         """
 
-        def deriv(x):
+        def deriv(x: float) -> float:
             return self.slope_of_tangent(x, graph)
 
         return self.plot(deriv, color=color, **kwargs)
@@ -1845,14 +1851,17 @@ def construct(self):
 
         return T_label_group
 
-    def __matmul__(self, coord: Point3DLike | Mobject):
+    def __matmul__(self, coord: Point3DLike | Mobject) -> Point3DLike:
         if isinstance(coord, Mobject):
             coord = coord.get_center()
         return self.coords_to_point(*coord)
 
-    def __rmatmul__(self, point: Point3DLike):
+    def __rmatmul__(self, point: Point3DLike) -> Point3DLike:
         return self.point_to_coords(point)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _origin_shift(axis_range: Sequence[float]) -> float: ...
+
 
 class Axes(VGroup, CoordinateSystem, metaclass=ConvertToOpenGL):
     """Creates a set of axes.
@@ -1928,8 +1937,11 @@ def __init__(
             "include_tip": tips,
             "numbers_to_exclude": [0],
         }
-        self.x_axis_config = {}
-        self.y_axis_config = {"rotation": 90 * DEGREES, "label_direction": LEFT}
+        self.x_axis_config: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self.y_axis_config: dict[str, Any] = {
+            "rotation": 90 * DEGREES,
+            "label_direction": LEFT,
+        }
 
         self._update_default_configs(
             (self.axis_config, self.x_axis_config, self.y_axis_config),
@@ -2420,8 +2432,8 @@ def __init__(
         num_axis_pieces: int = 20,
         light_source: Sequence[float] = 9 * DOWN + 7 * LEFT + 10 * OUT,
         # opengl stuff (?)
-        depth=None,
-        gloss=0.5,
+        depth: Any = None,
+        gloss: float = 0.5,
         **kwargs: dict[str, Any],
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(
@@ -2435,7 +2447,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.z_range = z_range
         self.z_length = z_length
 
-        self.z_axis_config = {}
+        self.z_axis_config: dict[str, Any] = {}
         self._update_default_configs((self.z_axis_config,), (z_axis_config,))
         self.z_axis_config = merge_dicts_recursively(
             self.axis_config,
@@ -2502,13 +2514,13 @@ def make_func(axis):
 
     def get_y_axis_label(
         self,
-        label: float | str | Mobject,
+        label: float | str | VMobject,
         edge: Sequence[float] = UR,
         direction: Sequence[float] = UR,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
         rotation: float = PI / 2,
         rotation_axis: Vector3D = OUT,
-        **kwargs,
+        **kwargs: dict[str, Any],
     ) -> Mobject:
         """Generate a y-axis label.
 
@@ -2552,7 +2564,7 @@ def construct(self):
 
     def get_z_axis_label(
         self,
-        label: float | str | Mobject,
+        label: float | str | VMobject,
         edge: Vector3D = OUT,
         direction: Vector3D = RIGHT,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
@@ -2602,9 +2614,9 @@ def construct(self):
 
     def get_axis_labels(
         self,
-        x_label: float | str | Mobject = "x",
-        y_label: float | str | Mobject = "y",
-        z_label: float | str | Mobject = "z",
+        x_label: float | str | VMobject = "x",
+        y_label: float | str | VMobject = "y",
+        z_label: float | str | VMobject = "z",
     ) -> VGroup:
         """Defines labels for the x_axis and y_axis of the graph.
 
@@ -2743,7 +2755,7 @@ def __init__(
         **kwargs: dict[str, Any],
     ):
         # configs
-        self.axis_config = {
+        self.axis_config: dict[str, Any] = {
             "stroke_width": 2,
             "include_ticks": False,
             "include_tip": False,
@@ -2751,8 +2763,8 @@ def __init__(
             "label_direction": DR,
             "font_size": 24,
         }
-        self.y_axis_config = {"label_direction": DR}
-        self.background_line_style = {
+        self.y_axis_config: dict[str, Any] = {"label_direction": DR}
+        self.background_line_style: dict[str, Any] = {
             "stroke_color": BLUE_D,
             "stroke_width": 2,
             "stroke_opacity": 1,
@@ -2999,7 +3011,7 @@ def __init__(
         size: float | None = None,
         radius_step: float = 1,
         azimuth_step: float | None = None,
-        azimuth_units: str | None = "PI radians",
+        azimuth_units: str = "PI radians",
         azimuth_compact_fraction: bool = True,
         azimuth_offset: float = 0,
         azimuth_direction: str = "CCW",
@@ -3132,11 +3144,11 @@ def _get_lines(self) -> tuple[VGroup, VGroup]:
         unit_vector = self.x_axis.get_unit_vector()[0]
 
         for k, x in enumerate(rinput):
-            new_line = Circle(radius=x * unit_vector)
+            new_circle = Circle(radius=x * unit_vector)
             if k % ratio_faded_lines == 0:
-                alines1.add(new_line)
+                alines1.add(new_circle)
             else:
-                alines2.add(new_line)
+                alines2.add(new_circle)
 
         line = Line(center, self.get_x_axis().get_end())
 
@@ -3294,7 +3306,9 @@ def add_coordinates(
         self.add(self.get_coordinate_labels(r_values, a_values))
         return self
 
-    def get_radian_label(self, number, font_size: float = 24, **kwargs: Any) -> MathTex:
+    def get_radian_label(
+        self, number: float, font_size: float = 24, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> MathTex:
         constant_label = {"PI radians": r"\pi", "TAU radians": r"\tau"}[
             self.azimuth_units
         ]

From 90f0decc250f37370bcd3c680dd75fb48d8953b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2025 21:19:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 13/34] Add type annotations to manim/camera/multi_camera.py -
 part 1

---
 manim/camera/camera.py | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/camera.py b/manim/camera/camera.py
index 700c164861..9da835a01c 100644
--- a/manim/camera/camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/camera.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import pathlib
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 from functools import reduce
-from typing import Any, Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
 
 import cairo
 import numpy as np
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 from .. import config, logger
 from ..constants import *
 from ..mobject.mobject import Mobject
-from ..mobject.types.image_mobject import AbstractImageMobject
 from ..mobject.types.point_cloud_mobject import PMobject
 from ..mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
 from ..utils.color import ManimColor, ParsableManimColor, color_to_int_rgba
@@ -32,6 +31,10 @@
 from ..utils.iterables import list_difference_update
 from ..utils.space_ops import angle_of_vector
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..mobject.types.image_mobject import AbstractImageMobject
+
+
 LINE_JOIN_MAP = {
     LineJointType.AUTO: None,  # TODO: this could be improved
     LineJointType.ROUND: cairo.LineJoin.ROUND,
@@ -199,6 +202,8 @@ def type_or_raise(
         :exc:`TypeError`
             When mobject is not an instance of a class that can be rendered.
         """
+        from ..mobject.types.image_mobject import AbstractImageMobject
+
         self.display_funcs = {
             VMobject: self.display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects,
             PMobject: self.display_multiple_point_cloud_mobjects,

From b1a3508cf50250bdd34dee4065cadc00827d3a0d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Tue, 21 Jan 2025 07:57:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/34] Add type annotations to manim/camera/multi_camera.py -
 part 2

---
 manim/camera/multi_camera.py | 30 +++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/multi_camera.py b/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
index a5202135e9..44da140db7 100644
--- a/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
@@ -5,7 +5,13 @@
 __all__ = ["MultiCamera"]
 
 
-from manim.mobject.types.image_mobject import ImageMobject
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import Any
+
+from typing_extensions import Self
+
+from manim.mobject.mobject import Mobject
+from manim.mobject.types.image_mobject import ImageMobjectFromCamera
 
 from ..camera.moving_camera import MovingCamera
 from ..utils.iterables import list_difference_update
@@ -16,10 +22,10 @@ class MultiCamera(MovingCamera):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        image_mobjects_from_cameras: ImageMobject | None = None,
-        allow_cameras_to_capture_their_own_display=False,
-        **kwargs,
-    ):
+        image_mobjects_from_cameras: Iterable[ImageMobjectFromCamera] | None = None,
+        allow_cameras_to_capture_their_own_display: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         """Initialises the MultiCamera
 
         Parameters
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@ def __init__(
         kwargs
             Any valid keyword arguments of MovingCamera.
         """
-        self.image_mobjects_from_cameras = []
+        self.image_mobjects_from_cameras: list[ImageMobjectFromCamera] = []
         if image_mobjects_from_cameras is not None:
             for imfc in image_mobjects_from_cameras:
                 self.add_image_mobject_from_camera(imfc)
@@ -38,7 +44,9 @@ def __init__(
         )
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
 
-    def add_image_mobject_from_camera(self, image_mobject_from_camera: ImageMobject):
+    def add_image_mobject_from_camera(
+        self, image_mobject_from_camera: ImageMobjectFromCamera
+    ) -> None:
         """Adds an ImageMobject that's been obtained from the camera
         into the list ``self.image_mobject_from_cameras``
 
@@ -53,7 +61,7 @@ def add_image_mobject_from_camera(self, image_mobject_from_camera: ImageMobject)
         assert isinstance(imfc.camera, MovingCamera)
         self.image_mobjects_from_cameras.append(imfc)
 
-    def update_sub_cameras(self):
+    def update_sub_cameras(self) -> None:
         """Reshape sub_camera pixel_arrays"""
         for imfc in self.image_mobjects_from_cameras:
             pixel_height, pixel_width = self.pixel_array.shape[:2]
@@ -66,7 +74,7 @@ def update_sub_cameras(self):
                 int(pixel_width * imfc.width / self.frame_width),
             )
 
-    def reset(self):
+    def reset(self) -> Self:
         """Resets the MultiCamera.
 
         Returns
@@ -79,7 +87,7 @@ def reset(self):
         super().reset()
         return self
 
-    def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects, **kwargs):
+    def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects: Iterable[Mobject], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         self.update_sub_cameras()
         for imfc in self.image_mobjects_from_cameras:
             to_add = list(mobjects)
@@ -88,7 +96,7 @@ def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects, **kwargs):
             imfc.camera.capture_mobjects(to_add, **kwargs)
         super().capture_mobjects(mobjects, **kwargs)
 
-    def get_mobjects_indicating_movement(self):
+    def get_mobjects_indicating_movement(self) -> list[Mobject]:
         """Returns all mobjects whose movement implies that the camera
         should think of all other mobjects on the screen as moving
 

From f767e8a51b3957b354c2a39efa7cd8ba62a7f1f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Tue, 21 Jan 2025 07:57:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 15/34] Add type annotations to manim/camera/multi_camera.py -
 part 3

---
 manim/camera/multi_camera.py         | 4 +++-
 manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py | 1 +
 mypy.ini                             | 3 +++
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/multi_camera.py b/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
index 44da140db7..fe032e4668 100644
--- a/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ def update_sub_cameras(self) -> None:
         """Reshape sub_camera pixel_arrays"""
         for imfc in self.image_mobjects_from_cameras:
             pixel_height, pixel_width = self.pixel_array.shape[:2]
-            imfc.camera.frame_shape = (
+            # TODO:
+            # error: "MovingCamera" has no attribute "frame_shape"  [attr-defined]
+            imfc.camera.frame_shape = (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                 imfc.camera.frame.height,
                 imfc.camera.frame.width,
             )
diff --git a/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
index 8a7d166cfb..f2fb9d649f 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/types/image_mobject.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 from manim.mobject.geometry.shape_matchers import SurroundingRectangle
 
 from ... import config
+from ...camera.moving_camera import MovingCamera
 from ...constants import *
 from ...mobject.mobject import Mobject
 from ...utils.bezier import interpolate
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index 4e6e3fcbf8..4d81f2c7b9 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ ignore_errors = True
 [mypy-manim.camera.camera.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 
+[mypy-manim.camera.multi_camera.*]
+ignore_errors = False
+
 [mypy-manim.cli.*]
 ignore_errors = False
 

From 9db34efbf13a930b20e9cc3958de29d6b66c2ed7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 09:39:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 16/34] Reducing the scope of the PR and fixed a number of
 small items

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 19 +++++--------------
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py |  4 +---
 manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py       |  8 +++-----
 mypy.ini                              |  3 +++
 4 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index 2f96a89712..660d8d524e 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ def get_number_mobject(
         :class:`~.DecimalNumber`
             The positioned mobject.
         """
-        number_config = merge_dicts_recursively(
+        number_config_merged = merge_dicts_recursively(
             self.decimal_number_config,
             number_config,
         )
@@ -492,14 +492,10 @@ def get_number_mobject(
             label_constructor = self.label_constructor
 
         num_mob = DecimalNumber(
-            # TODO:
-            # error: Argument 4 to "DecimalNumber" has incompatible type "**dict[str, dict[str, Any]]"; expected "int"  [arg-type]
             x,
             font_size=font_size,
-            # TODO
-            # error: Argument "mob_class" to "DecimalNumber" has incompatible type "type[MathTex]"; expected "VMobject"  [arg-type]
-            mob_class=label_constructor,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-            **number_config,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            mob_class=label_constructor,
+            **number_config_merged,
         )
 
         num_mob.next_to(self.number_to_point(x), direction=direction, buff=buff)
@@ -616,17 +612,12 @@ def add_labels(
             # this method via CoordinateSystem.add_coordinates()
             # must be explicitly called
             if isinstance(label, str) and label_constructor is MathTex:
-                # TODO
-                # error: Call to untyped function "Tex" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
-                label = Tex(label)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+                label = Tex(label)
             else:
                 label = self._create_label_tex(label, label_constructor)
 
             if hasattr(label, "font_size"):
-                # assert isinstance(label, MathTex)
-                # TODO
-                # error: "VMobject" has no attribute "font_size"  [attr-defined]
-                label.font_size = font_size  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                label.font_size = font_size
             else:
                 raise AttributeError(f"{label} is not compatible with add_labels.")
             label.next_to(self.number_to_point(x), direction=direction, buff=buff)
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index b8440596e5..f8adc83c19 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -78,9 +78,7 @@ def add_title(
         self, title: str = "Sample space", buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF
     ) -> None:
         # TODO, should this really exist in SampleSpaceScene
-        # TODO
-        # error: Call to untyped function "Tex" in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
-        title_mob = Tex(title)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+        title_mob = Tex(title)
         if title_mob.width > self.width:
             title_mob.width = self.width
         title_mob.next_to(self, UP, buff=buff)
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
index 40ca65f497..9db95541db 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def func(value: float, base: float) -> float:
                 return return_value
         else:
             condition = value <= 0
-            func = math.log  # type: ignore[assignment]
+            func = math.log
 
         if condition:
             raise ValueError(
@@ -190,13 +190,11 @@ def get_custom_labels(
             Additional arguments to be passed to :class:`~.Integer`.
         """
         # uses `format` syntax to control the number of decimal places.
-        tex_labels: list[Mobject] = [
+        tex_labels: list[Integer] = [
             Integer(
                 self.base,
                 unit="^{%s}" % (f"{self.inverse_function(i):.{unit_decimal_places}f}"),  # noqa: UP031
-                # TODO:
-                # error: Argument 3 to "Integer" has incompatible type "**dict[str, dict[str, Any]]"; expected "int"  [arg-type]
-                **base_config,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                **base_config,
             )
             for i in val_range
         ]
diff --git a/mypy.ini b/mypy.ini
index 32e6632545..43433b088d 100644
--- a/mypy.ini
+++ b/mypy.ini
@@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ ignore_errors = True
 [mypy-manim.camera.moving_camera]
 ignore_errors = True
 
+[mypy-manim.mobject.graphing.coordinate_systems]
+ignore_errors = True
+
 [mypy-manim.mobject.graph]
 ignore_errors = True
 

From 3ff1095f26b66f19c72445e6ccb875259c97f89b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 10:26:14 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 17/34] Removing type ignore statements.

---
 manim/camera/camera.py                |  8 +++----
 manim/camera/multi_camera.py          |  4 +---
 manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py   |  4 +---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 14 +++++------
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py | 34 ++++++++++++---------------
 manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py       |  4 ++--
 manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py     |  3 ---
 7 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/camera.py b/manim/camera/camera.py
index df78dbc77a..43c66a53e3 100644
--- a/manim/camera/camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/camera.py
@@ -204,7 +204,9 @@ def type_or_raise(
         """
         from ..mobject.types.image_mobject import AbstractImageMobject
 
-        self.display_funcs = {
+        self.display_funcs: dict[
+            type[Mobject], Callable[[list[Mobject], PixelArray], None]
+        ] = {
             VMobject: self.display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects,
             PMobject: self.display_multiple_point_cloud_mobjects,
             AbstractImageMobject: self.display_multiple_image_mobjects,
@@ -541,9 +543,7 @@ def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects: Iterable[Mobject], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         # partition while at the same time preserving order.
         mobjects = self.get_mobjects_to_display(mobjects, **kwargs)
         for group_type, group in it.groupby(mobjects, self.type_or_raise):
-            # TODO
-            # error: Call to untyped function (unknown) in typed context  [no-untyped-call]
-            self.display_funcs[group_type](list(group), self.pixel_array)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+            self.display_funcs[group_type](list(group), self.pixel_array)
 
     # Methods associated with svg rendering
 
diff --git a/manim/camera/multi_camera.py b/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
index fe032e4668..44da140db7 100644
--- a/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
@@ -65,9 +65,7 @@ def update_sub_cameras(self) -> None:
         """Reshape sub_camera pixel_arrays"""
         for imfc in self.image_mobjects_from_cameras:
             pixel_height, pixel_width = self.pixel_array.shape[:2]
-            # TODO:
-            # error: "MovingCamera" has no attribute "frame_shape"  [attr-defined]
-            imfc.camera.frame_shape = (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            imfc.camera.frame_shape = (
                 imfc.camera.frame.height,
                 imfc.camera.frame.width,
             )
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
index 5cf406dd22..122d5cf8fb 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
@@ -228,9 +228,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.parametric_function: Callable[[float], np.array] = lambda t: np.array(
             [t, function(t), 0]
         )
-        # TODO:
-        # error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "Callable[[float], Any]", variable has type "Callable[[Arg(float, 't')], Any]")  [assignment]
-        self.function = function  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        self.function: Callable[[float], Any] = function
         super().__init__(self.parametric_function, self.x_range, color=color, **kwargs)
 
     def get_function(self) -> Callable[[float], Any]:
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index 660d8d524e..647b9101b0 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -253,18 +253,16 @@ def __init__(
             if self.scaling.custom_labels:
                 tick_range = self.get_tick_range()
 
+                custom_labels = self.scaling.get_custom_labels(
+                    tick_range,
+                    unit_decimal_places=decimal_number_config["num_decimal_places"],
+                )
+
                 self.add_labels(
                     dict(
                         zip(
                             tick_range,
-                            # TODO:
-                            # Argument 2 to "zip" has incompatible type "Iterable[Mobject]"; expected "Iterable[str | float | VMobject]"  [arg-type]
-                            self.scaling.get_custom_labels(  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-                                tick_range,
-                                unit_decimal_places=decimal_number_config[
-                                    "num_decimal_places"
-                                ],
-                            ),
+                            custom_labels,
                         )
                     ),
                 )
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index f8adc83c19..d70f5fb88e 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -102,8 +102,14 @@ def get_division_along_dimension(
         colors: Sequence[ParsableManimColor],
         vect: Vector3D,
     ) -> VGroup:
+        # Consideration, can we somehow describe that a VGroup only
+        # contains objects of a certain kind?
+        # For this function I would like to describe the return type as
+        # VGroup[SampleSpace].
         p_list_complete = self.complete_p_list(p_list)
         colors_in_gradient = color_gradient(colors, len(p_list))
+
+        # TODO: Is this needed?
         assert isinstance(colors_in_gradient, list)
 
         last_point = self.get_edge_center(-vect)
@@ -134,15 +140,11 @@ def get_vertical_division(
     ) -> VGroup:
         return self.get_division_along_dimension(p_list, 0, colors, vect)
 
-    # TODO:
-    # error: Function is missing a type annotation for one or more arguments  [no-untyped-def]
-    def divide_horizontally(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    def divide_horizontally(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         self.horizontal_parts = self.get_horizontal_division(*args, **kwargs)
         self.add(self.horizontal_parts)
 
-    # TODO:
-    # error: Function is missing a type annotation for one or more arguments  [no-untyped-def]
-    def divide_vertically(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
+    def divide_vertically(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         self.vertical_parts = self.get_vertical_division(*args, **kwargs)
         self.add(self.vertical_parts)
 
@@ -166,14 +168,10 @@ def get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(
             label_mob.next_to(brace, direction, buff)
 
             braces.add(brace)
-            # TODO:
-            # error: Argument 1 to "add" of "VGroup" has incompatible type "Mobject | OpenGLMobject"; expected "VMobject | Iterable[VMobject]"  [arg-type]
-            label_mobs.add(label_mob)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-        # TODO:
-        # error: "VGroup" has no attribute "braces"  [attr-defined]
-        parts.braces = braces  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-        parts.labels = label_mobs  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-        parts.label_kwargs = {  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            label_mobs.add(label_mob)
+        parts.braces = braces
+        parts.labels = label_mobs
+        parts.label_kwargs = {
             "labels": label_mobs.copy(),
             "direction": direction,
             "buff": buff,
@@ -215,16 +213,14 @@ def add_braces_and_labels(self) -> None:
                 if hasattr(parts, subattr):
                     self.add(getattr(parts, subattr))
 
-    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> VGroup:
+    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> SampleSpace:
         if hasattr(self, "horizontal_parts"):
-            val: VGroup = self.horizontal_parts[index]
+            val: SampleSpace = self.horizontal_parts[index]
             return val
         elif hasattr(self, "vertical_parts"):
             val = self.vertical_parts[index]
             return val
-        # TODO:
-        # error: Incompatible return value type (got "SampleSpace", expected "VGroup")  [return-value]
-        return self.split()[index]  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self.split()[index]
 
 
 class BarChart(Axes):
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
index 9db95541db..d894a320eb 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing import Callable
 
-    from manim.mobject.mobject import Mobject
+    from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
 
 
 class _ScaleBase:
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def get_custom_labels(
         self,
         val_range: Iterable[float],
         **kw_args: Any,
-    ) -> Iterable[Mobject]:
+    ) -> Iterable[VMobject]:
         """Custom instructions for generating labels along an axis.
 
         Parameters
diff --git a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
index db298e62e7..1eb78d9adc 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/text/tex_mobject.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-# The following line is needed to avoid some strange
-# mypy errors related to the code around line 366.
-# mypy: disable_error_code = has-type
 r"""Mobjects representing text rendered using LaTeX.
 
 .. important::

From 967ef1e98925497c5983a396cd2b912ca46c3477 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 10:42:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 18/34] Fixing two type issues

---
 manim/camera/camera.py                | 2 +-
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 4 +++-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/camera.py b/manim/camera/camera.py
index 43c66a53e3..745b536bbc 100644
--- a/manim/camera/camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/camera.py
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def type_or_raise(
         from ..mobject.types.image_mobject import AbstractImageMobject
 
         self.display_funcs: dict[
-            type[Mobject], Callable[[list[Mobject], PixelArray], None]
+            type[Mobject], Callable[[list[Mobject], PixelArray], Any]
         ] = {
             VMobject: self.display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects,
             PMobject: self.display_multiple_point_cloud_mobjects,
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index 647b9101b0..b6426e87bb 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@
 from manim.constants import *
 from manim.mobject.geometry.line import Line
 from manim.mobject.graphing.scale import LinearBase, _ScaleBase
-from manim.mobject.text.numbers import DecimalNumber
+from manim.mobject.text.numbers import DecimalNumber, Integer
 from manim.mobject.text.tex_mobject import MathTex, Tex
+from manim.mobject.text.text_mobject import Text
 from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject
 from manim.utils.bezier import interpolate
 from manim.utils.config_ops import merge_dicts_recursively
@@ -615,6 +616,7 @@ def add_labels(
                 label = self._create_label_tex(label, label_constructor)
 
             if hasattr(label, "font_size"):
+                assert isinstance(label, (MathTex, Tex, Text, Integer)), label
                 label.font_size = font_size
             else:
                 raise AttributeError(f"{label} is not compatible with add_labels.")

From 9f148ea14af5b125a5234646e6035a2dcca1dbcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 10:54:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 19/34] ...

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py | 15 +++++++--------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index d70f5fb88e..e787199133 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@
 from manim.constants import *
 from manim.mobject.geometry.polygram import Rectangle
 from manim.mobject.graphing.coordinate_systems import Axes
-from manim.mobject.mobject import Mobject
-from manim.mobject.opengl.opengl_mobject import OpenGLMobject
+from manim.mobject.opengl.opengl_vectorized_mobject import OpenGLVMobject
 from manim.mobject.svg.brace import Brace
 from manim.mobject.text.tex_mobject import MathTex, Tex
-from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
+from manim.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup, VMobject
 from manim.typing import Vector3D
 from manim.utils.color import (
     BLUE_E,
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ def divide_vertically(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
     def get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(
         self,
         parts: VGroup,
-        labels: list[str | Mobject | OpenGLMobject],
+        labels: list[str | VMobject | OpenGLVMobject],
         direction: Vector3D,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
         min_num_quads: int = 1,
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ def get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(
         braces = VGroup()
         for label, part in zip(labels, parts):
             brace = Brace(part, direction, min_num_quads=min_num_quads, buff=buff)
-            if isinstance(label, (Mobject, OpenGLMobject)):
+            if isinstance(label, (VMobject, OpenGLVMobject)):
                 label_mob = label
             else:
                 label_mob = MathTex(label)
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@ def get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(
 
     def get_side_braces_and_labels(
         self,
-        labels: list[str | Mobject | OpenGLMobject],
+        labels: list[str | VMobject | OpenGLVMobject],
         direction: Vector3D = LEFT,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> VGroup:
@@ -191,14 +190,14 @@ def get_side_braces_and_labels(
         )
 
     def get_top_braces_and_labels(
-        self, labels: list[str | Mobject | OpenGLMobject], **kwargs: Any
+        self, labels: list[str | VMobject | OpenGLVMobject], **kwargs: Any
     ) -> VGroup:
         assert hasattr(self, "vertical_parts")
         parts = self.vertical_parts
         return self.get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(parts, labels, UP, **kwargs)
 
     def get_bottom_braces_and_labels(
-        self, labels: list[str | Mobject | OpenGLMobject], **kwargs: Any
+        self, labels: list[str | VMobject | OpenGLVMobject], **kwargs: Any
     ) -> VGroup:
         assert hasattr(self, "vertical_parts")
         parts = self.vertical_parts

From efe556535947853b491dfec4f0f975468e1d4067 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 21:14:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 20/34] Updates based on input from Chopan50

---
 manim/camera/camera.py                | 31 ++++++++++++++-------------
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py |  4 ----
 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/camera.py b/manim/camera/camera.py
index 745b536bbc..46b64a6014 100644
--- a/manim/camera/camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/camera.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 from scipy.spatial.distance import pdist
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from manim.typing import PixelArray, Point3D_Array
+from manim.typing import MatrixMN, PixelArray, Point3D, Point3D_Array
 
 from .. import config, logger
 from ..constants import *
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ class Camera:
     def __init__(
         self,
         background_image: str | None = None,
-        frame_center: np.ndarray = ORIGIN,
+        frame_center: Point3D = ORIGIN,
         image_mode: str = "RGBA",
         n_channels: int = 4,
         pixel_array_dtype: str = "uint8",
         cairo_line_width_multiple: float = 0.01,
         use_z_index: bool = True,
-        background: np.ndarray | None = None,
+        background: PixelArray | None = None,
         pixel_height: int | None = None,
         pixel_width: int | None = None,
         frame_height: float | None = None,
@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ def __init__(
         self.cairo_line_width_multiple = cairo_line_width_multiple
         self.use_z_index = use_z_index
         self.background = background
+        self.background_colored_vmobject_displayer: (
+            BackgroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer | None
+        ) = None
 
         if pixel_height is None:
             pixel_height = config["pixel_height"]
@@ -290,7 +293,7 @@ def init_background(self) -> None:
 
     def get_image(
         self, pixel_array: PixelArray | list | tuple | None = None
-    ) -> PixelArray:
+    ) -> Image.Image:
         """Returns an image from the passed
         pixel array, or from the current frame
         if the passed pixel array is none.
@@ -302,7 +305,7 @@ def get_image(
 
         Returns
         -------
-        PIL.Image
+        PIL.Image.Image
             The PIL image of the array.
         """
         if pixel_array is None:
@@ -550,7 +553,7 @@ def capture_mobjects(self, mobjects: Iterable[Mobject], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
     # NOTE: None of the methods below have been mentioned outside of their definitions. Their DocStrings are not as
     # detailed as possible.
 
-    def get_cached_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: PixelArray) -> cairo.Context:
+    def get_cached_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: PixelArray) -> cairo.Context | None:
         """Returns the cached cairo context of the passed
         pixel array if it exists, and None if it doesn't.
 
@@ -603,7 +606,7 @@ def get_cairo_context(self, pixel_array: PixelArray) -> cairo.Context:
         fh = self.frame_height
         fc = self.frame_center
         surface = cairo.ImageSurface.create_for_data(
-            pixel_array,
+            pixel_array.data,
             cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32,
             pw,
             ph,
@@ -704,8 +707,6 @@ def set_cairo_context_path(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject) -> Self
         # TODO, shouldn't this be handled in transform_points_pre_display?
         # points = points - self.get_frame_center()
         if len(points) == 0:
-            # TODO:
-            # Here the return value is modified. Is that ok?
             return self
 
         ctx.new_path()
@@ -722,7 +723,7 @@ def set_cairo_context_path(self, ctx: cairo.Context, vmobject: VMobject) -> Self
         return self
 
     def set_cairo_context_color(
-        self, ctx: cairo.Context, rgbas: PixelArray, vmobject: VMobject
+        self, ctx: cairo.Context, rgbas: MatrixMN, vmobject: VMobject
     ) -> Self:
         """Sets the color of the cairo context
 
@@ -863,11 +864,11 @@ def get_background_colored_vmobject_displayer(
             Object that displays VMobjects that have the same color
             as the background.
         """
-        # Quite wordy to type out a bunch
-        bcvd = "background_colored_vmobject_displayer"
-        if not hasattr(self, bcvd):
-            setattr(self, bcvd, BackgroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer(self))
-        return getattr(self, bcvd)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        if self.background_colored_vmobject_displayer is None:
+            self.background_colored_vmobject_displayer = (
+                BackgroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer(self)
+            )
+        return self.background_colored_vmobject_displayer
 
     def display_multiple_background_colored_vmobjects(
         self, cvmobjects: Iterable[VMobject], pixel_array: PixelArray
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index e787199133..ab65f85743 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -101,10 +101,6 @@ def get_division_along_dimension(
         colors: Sequence[ParsableManimColor],
         vect: Vector3D,
     ) -> VGroup:
-        # Consideration, can we somehow describe that a VGroup only
-        # contains objects of a certain kind?
-        # For this function I would like to describe the return type as
-        # VGroup[SampleSpace].
         p_list_complete = self.complete_p_list(p_list)
         colors_in_gradient = color_gradient(colors, len(p_list))
 

From e613eb1e1b3c27d648098499f7fc073555bdfdaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 21:25:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 21/34] Reverting to type ignores and assert statements to fix
 the last type errors.

---
 manim/camera/camera.py                | 2 +-
 manim/camera/multi_camera.py          | 8 ++++----
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py | 8 ++++----
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/camera/camera.py b/manim/camera/camera.py
index 46b64a6014..dc30cc06c9 100644
--- a/manim/camera/camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/camera.py
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def type_or_raise(
         self.display_funcs: dict[
             type[Mobject], Callable[[list[Mobject], PixelArray], Any]
         ] = {
-            VMobject: self.display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects,
+            VMobject: self.display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects,  # type: ignore[dict-item]
             PMobject: self.display_multiple_point_cloud_mobjects,
             AbstractImageMobject: self.display_multiple_image_mobjects,
             Mobject: lambda batch, pa: batch,  # Do nothing
diff --git a/manim/camera/multi_camera.py b/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
index 44da140db7..f4bd18a47c 100644
--- a/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
+++ b/manim/camera/multi_camera.py
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ def update_sub_cameras(self) -> None:
         """Reshape sub_camera pixel_arrays"""
         for imfc in self.image_mobjects_from_cameras:
             pixel_height, pixel_width = self.pixel_array.shape[:2]
-            imfc.camera.frame_shape = (
-                imfc.camera.frame.height,
-                imfc.camera.frame.width,
-            )
+            # imfc.camera.frame_shape = (
+            #     imfc.camera.frame.height,
+            #     imfc.camera.frame.width,
+            # )
             imfc.camera.reset_pixel_shape(
                 int(pixel_height * imfc.height / self.frame_height),
                 int(pixel_width * imfc.width / self.frame_width),
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index ab65f85743..1a241e51aa 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ def get_division_along_dimension(
         p_list_complete = self.complete_p_list(p_list)
         colors_in_gradient = color_gradient(colors, len(p_list))
 
-        # TODO: Is this needed?
         assert isinstance(colors_in_gradient, list)
 
         last_point = self.get_edge_center(-vect)
@@ -163,10 +162,11 @@ def get_subdivision_braces_and_labels(
             label_mob.next_to(brace, direction, buff)
 
             braces.add(brace)
+            assert isinstance(label_mob, VMobject)
             label_mobs.add(label_mob)
-        parts.braces = braces
-        parts.labels = label_mobs
-        parts.label_kwargs = {
+        parts.braces = braces  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        parts.labels = label_mobs  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        parts.label_kwargs = {  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             "labels": label_mobs.copy(),
             "direction": direction,
             "buff": buff,

From c03c8d8346a5930de6bc463027c4729fd3f376c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <henrikmidtiby@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:17:20 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 22/34] Update manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Francisco Manríquez Novoa <49853152+chopan050@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
index 122d5cf8fb..beb5e5dcbe 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
@@ -217,12 +217,12 @@ def construct(self):
     def __init__(
         self,
         function: Callable[[float], Any],
-        x_range: np.array | None = None,
+        x_range: tuple[float, float] | tuple[float, float, float] | None = None,
         color: ParsableManimColor = YELLOW,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
         if x_range is None:
-            x_range = np.array([-config["frame_x_radius"], config["frame_x_radius"]])
+            x_range = (-config["frame_x_radius"], config["frame_x_radius"])
 
         self.x_range = x_range
         self.parametric_function: Callable[[float], np.array] = lambda t: np.array(

From 0da8a6af48017caf4123ea0821451687f31a6107 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <henrikmidtiby@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:17:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 23/34] Update manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Francisco Manríquez Novoa <49853152+chopan050@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
index beb5e5dcbe..c2e7d65387 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ def __init__(
             x_range = (-config["frame_x_radius"], config["frame_x_radius"])
 
         self.x_range = x_range
-        self.parametric_function: Callable[[float], np.array] = lambda t: np.array(
+        self.parametric_function: Callable[[float], Point3D] = lambda t: np.array(
             [t, function(t), 0]
         )
         self.function: Callable[[float], Any] = function

From 9a9e412f0f00ba7c80efc0f9e6d371a1128d4dab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <henrikmidtiby@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:18:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 24/34] Update manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Francisco Manríquez Novoa <49853152+chopan050@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
index c2e7d65387..819a155539 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ def __init__(
     def get_function(self) -> Callable[[float], Any]:
         return self.function
 
-    def get_point_from_function(self, x: float) -> np.array:
+    def get_point_from_function(self, x: float) -> Point3D:
         return self.parametric_function(x)
 
 

From efc7a615917eae5d7e01877494cf18661958fa60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <henrikmidtiby@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:19:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 25/34] Update manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Francisco Manríquez Novoa <49853152+chopan050@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index b6426e87bb..61026ba334 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def __init__(
                 )
 
     def rotate_about_zero(
-        self, angle: float, axis: Sequence[float] = OUT, **kwargs: Any
+        self, angle: float, axis: Vector3D = OUT, **kwargs: Any
     ) -> Self:
         return self.rotate_about_number(0, angle, axis, **kwargs)
 

From 14c339aa4e148217b4a164c31cccd7dde07f5cbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <henrikmidtiby@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:20:09 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 26/34] Update manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Francisco Manríquez Novoa <49853152+chopan050@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index 61026ba334..905dcf65e9 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ def rotate_about_zero(
         return self.rotate_about_number(0, angle, axis, **kwargs)
 
     def rotate_about_number(
-        self, number: float, angle: float, axis: Sequence[float] = OUT, **kwargs: Any
+        self, number: float, angle: float, axis: Vector3D = OUT, **kwargs: Any
     ) -> Self:
         return self.rotate(angle, axis, about_point=self.n2p(number), **kwargs)
 

From ff789bbb9c68c0bdf14d89971274607c4f06406b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <henrikmidtiby@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:27:04 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 27/34] Update manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Co-authored-by: Francisco Manríquez Novoa <49853152+chopan050@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index 905dcf65e9..0f1bb9eefa 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ def point_to_number(self, point: Sequence[float]) -> float:
         )
         return interpolate(self.x_min, self.x_max, proportion)
 
-    def n2p(self, number: float | np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+    def n2p(self, number: float | np.ndarray) -> Point3D:
         """Abbreviation for :meth:`~.NumberLine.number_to_point`."""
         return self.number_to_point(number)
 

From 1b1798d9d349139fbe9c93c204f45cb09f1a6f94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:27:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 28/34] Suggestions from Chopan50

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index 0f1bb9eefa..5c3719bb89 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     from typing_extensions import Self
 
     from manim.mobject.geometry.tips import ArrowTip
-    from manim.typing import Point3DLike
+    from manim.typing import Point3DLike, Point3D, Vector3D
 
 import numpy as np
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def __init__(
         # numbers/labels
         include_numbers: bool = False,
         font_size: float = 36,
-        label_direction: Sequence[float] = DOWN,
+        label_direction: Point3DLike = DOWN,
         label_constructor: type[MathTex] = MathTex,
         scaling: _ScaleBase = LinearBase(),
         line_to_number_buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF,
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def get_unit_size(self) -> float:
         val: float = self.get_length() / (self.x_range[1] - self.x_range[0])
         return val
 
-    def get_unit_vector(self) -> np.ndarray:
+    def get_unit_vector(self) -> Vector3D:
         return super().get_unit_vector() * self.unit_size
 
     def get_number_mobject(
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ def add_numbers(
     def add_labels(
         self,
         dict_values: dict[float, str | float | VMobject],
-        direction: Sequence[float] | None = None,
+        direction: Point3DLike | None = None,
         buff: float | None = None,
         font_size: float | None = None,
         label_constructor: type[MathTex] | None = None,
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ def _decimal_places_from_step(step: float) -> int:
             return 0
         return len(step_str.split(".")[-1])
 
-    def __matmul__(self, other: float) -> np.ndarray:
+    def __matmul__(self, other: float) -> Point3D:
         return self.n2p(other)
 
     def __rmatmul__(self, other: Point3DLike | Mobject) -> float:

From 9263abd69356a007094bf3517cf5217d5b5e099e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:34:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 29/34] More suggestions from Chopan50

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py | 4 ++--
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py        | 8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
index 24bb42e8b8..aa7fda904d 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.num_sampled_graph_points_per_tick = 10
         self.x_axis: NumberLine
 
-    def coords_to_point(self, *coords: ManimFloat) -> Point3DLike:
+    def coords_to_point(self, *coords: ManimFloat) -> Point3D:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def point_to_coords(self, point: Point3DLike) -> list[ManimFloat]:
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def get_axis(self, index: int) -> NumberLine:
         val: NumberLine = self.get_axes()[index]
         return val
 
-    def get_origin(self) -> Point3DLike:
+    def get_origin(self) -> Point3D:
         """Gets the origin of :class:`~.Axes`.
 
         Returns
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index 1a241e51aa..9573e1c74e 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def add_title(
     def add_label(self, label: str) -> None:
         self.label = label
 
-    def complete_p_list(self, p_list: list[tuple]) -> list[float]:
+    def complete_p_list(self, p_list: float | Iterable[float]) -> list[float]:
         new_p_list = list(tuplify(p_list))
         remainder = 1.0 - sum(new_p_list)
         if abs(remainder) > EPSILON:
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def complete_p_list(self, p_list: list[tuple]) -> list[float]:
 
     def get_division_along_dimension(
         self,
-        p_list: list[tuple],
+        p_list: float | Iterable[float],
         dim: int,
         colors: Sequence[ParsableManimColor],
         vect: Vector3D,
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def get_division_along_dimension(
 
     def get_horizontal_division(
         self,
-        p_list: list[tuple],
+        p_list: float | Iterable[float],
         colors: Sequence[ParsableManimColor] = [GREEN_E, BLUE_E],
         vect: Vector3D = DOWN,
     ) -> VGroup:
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def get_horizontal_division(
 
     def get_vertical_division(
         self,
-        p_list: list[tuple],
+        p_list: float | Iterable[float],
         colors: Sequence[ParsableManimColor] = [MAROON_B, YELLOW],
         vect: Vector3D = RIGHT,
     ) -> VGroup:

From 8309fe99e4388e1f9dcd98625591c86e99cae102 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 22:43:32 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 30/34] Updates

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 2 +-
 manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py | 9 +++++----
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index 5c3719bb89..b0a038f781 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     from typing_extensions import Self
 
     from manim.mobject.geometry.tips import ArrowTip
-    from manim.typing import Point3DLike, Point3D, Vector3D
+    from manim.typing import Point3D, Point3DLike, Vector3D
 
 import numpy as np
 
diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
index 9573e1c74e..309e0b7ec2 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/probability.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def __init__(
         stroke_width: float = 0.5,
         stroke_color: ParsableManimColor = LIGHT_GREY,
         default_label_scale_val: float = 1,
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         super().__init__(
             height=height,
             width=width,
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ def add_label(self, label: str) -> None:
         self.label = label
 
     def complete_p_list(self, p_list: float | Iterable[float]) -> list[float]:
-        new_p_list = list(tuplify(p_list))
+        p_list_tuplified: tuple[float] = tuplify(p_list)
+        new_p_list = list(p_list_tuplified)
         remainder = 1.0 - sum(new_p_list)
         if abs(remainder) > EPSILON:
             new_p_list.append(remainder)
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ def get_division_along_dimension(
         vect: Vector3D,
     ) -> VGroup:
         p_list_complete = self.complete_p_list(p_list)
-        colors_in_gradient = color_gradient(colors, len(p_list))
+        colors_in_gradient = color_gradient(colors, len(p_list_complete))
 
         assert isinstance(colors_in_gradient, list)
 
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ def __init__(
         bar_fill_opacity: float = 0.7,
         bar_stroke_width: float = 3,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         if isinstance(bar_colors, str):
             logger.warning(
                 "Passing a string to `bar_colors` has been deprecated since v0.15.2 and will be removed after v0.17.0, the parameter must be a list.  "

From 1c582b7dd112a6950b279c7683feeb1ada4953e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 23:12:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 31/34] Minor improvements to coordinate_systems.py

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py | 50 +++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 27 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
index aa7fda904d..811581f8fb 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/coordinate_systems.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def __init__(
         x_length: float | None = None,
         y_length: float | None = None,
         dimension: int = 2,
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         self.dimension = dimension
 
         default_step = 1
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ def __init__(
         self.x_axis: NumberLine
 
     def coords_to_point(self, *coords: ManimFloat) -> Point3D:
+        # TODO: I think the method should be able to return more than just a single point.
+        # E.g. see the implementation of it on line 2065.
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def point_to_coords(self, point: Point3DLike) -> list[ManimFloat]:
@@ -202,7 +204,7 @@ def point_to_polar(self, point: Point2DLike) -> Point2D:
 
         Returns
         -------
-        Tuple[:class:`float`, :class:`float`]
+        Point2D
             The coordinate radius (:math:`r`) and the coordinate azimuth (:math:`\theta`).
         """
         x, y = self.point_to_coords(point)
@@ -261,8 +263,8 @@ def get_y_unit_size(self) -> float:
     def get_x_axis_label(
         self,
         label: float | str | VMobject,
-        edge: Sequence[float] = UR,
-        direction: Sequence[float] = UR,
+        edge: Vector3D = UR,
+        direction: Vector3D = UR,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Mobject:
@@ -304,8 +306,8 @@ def construct(self):
     def get_y_axis_label(
         self,
         label: float | str | VMobject,
-        edge: Sequence[float] = UR,
-        direction: Sequence[float] = UP * 0.5 + RIGHT,
+        edge: Vector3D = UR,
+        direction: Vector3D = UP * 0.5 + RIGHT,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Mobject:
@@ -351,8 +353,8 @@ def _get_axis_label(
         self,
         label: float | str | VMobject,
         axis: Mobject,
-        edge: Sequence[float],
-        direction: Sequence[float],
+        edge: Vector3D,
+        direction: Vector3D,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
     ) -> Mobject:
         """Gets the label for an axis.
@@ -457,7 +459,7 @@ def add_coordinates(
     def get_line_from_axis_to_point(
         self,
         index: int,
-        point: Sequence[float],
+        point: Point3DLike,
         line_config: dict | None = ...,
         color: ParsableManimColor | None = ...,
         stroke_width: float = ...,
@@ -467,7 +469,7 @@ def get_line_from_axis_to_point(
     def get_line_from_axis_to_point(
         self,
         index: int,
-        point: Sequence[float],
+        point: Point3DLike,
         line_func: type[LineType],
         line_config: dict | None = ...,
         color: ParsableManimColor | None = ...,
@@ -522,7 +524,7 @@ def get_line_from_axis_to_point(  # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
         line = line_func(axis.get_projection(point), point, **line_config)
         return line
 
-    def get_vertical_line(self, point: Sequence[float], **kwargs: Any) -> Line:
+    def get_vertical_line(self, point: Point3DLike, **kwargs: Any) -> Line:
         """A vertical line from the x-axis to a given point in the scene.
 
         Parameters
@@ -556,7 +558,7 @@ def construct(self):
         """
         return self.get_line_from_axis_to_point(0, point, **kwargs)
 
-    def get_horizontal_line(self, point: Sequence[float], **kwargs: Any) -> Line:
+    def get_horizontal_line(self, point: Point3DLike, **kwargs: Any) -> Line:
         """A horizontal line from the y-axis to a given point in the scene.
 
         Parameters
@@ -588,7 +590,7 @@ def construct(self):
         """
         return self.get_line_from_axis_to_point(1, point, **kwargs)
 
-    def get_lines_to_point(self, point: Sequence[float], **kwargs: Any) -> VGroup:
+    def get_lines_to_point(self, point: Point3DLike, **kwargs: Any) -> VGroup:
         """Generate both horizontal and vertical lines from the axis to a point.
 
         Parameters
@@ -634,7 +636,9 @@ def plot(
         function: Callable[[float], float],
         x_range: Sequence[float] | None = None,
         use_vectorized: bool = False,
-        colorscale: Union[Iterable[Color], Iterable[Color, float]] | None = None,
+        colorscale: Iterable[ParsableManimColor]
+        | Iterable[ParsableManimColor, float]
+        | None = None,
         colorscale_axis: int = 1,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> ParametricFunction:
@@ -1595,7 +1599,7 @@ def antideriv(x):
             x_vals = np.linspace(0, x, samples, axis=1 if use_vectorized else 0)
             f_vec = np.vectorize(graph.underlying_function)
             y_vals = f_vec(x_vals)
-            return np.trapz(y_vals, x_vals) + y_intercept
+            return np.trapezoid(y_vals, x_vals) + y_intercept
 
         return self.plot(antideriv, use_vectorized=use_vectorized, **kwargs)
 
@@ -1929,7 +1933,7 @@ def __init__(
         y_axis_config: dict | None = None,
         tips: bool = True,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         VGroup.__init__(self, **kwargs)
         CoordinateSystem.__init__(self, x_range, y_range, x_length, y_length)
 
@@ -2430,12 +2434,12 @@ def __init__(
         z_axis_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         z_normal: Vector3D = DOWN,
         num_axis_pieces: int = 20,
-        light_source: Sequence[float] = 9 * DOWN + 7 * LEFT + 10 * OUT,
+        light_source: Point3DLike = 9 * DOWN + 7 * LEFT + 10 * OUT,
         # opengl stuff (?)
         depth: Any = None,
         gloss: float = 0.5,
         **kwargs: dict[str, Any],
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         super().__init__(
             x_range=x_range,
             x_length=x_length,
@@ -2457,7 +2461,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.z_normal = z_normal
         self.num_axis_pieces = num_axis_pieces
 
-        self.light_source = light_source
+        self.light_source = np.array(light_source)
 
         self.dimension = 3
 
@@ -2515,8 +2519,8 @@ def make_func(axis):
     def get_y_axis_label(
         self,
         label: float | str | VMobject,
-        edge: Sequence[float] = UR,
-        direction: Sequence[float] = UR,
+        edge: Vector3D = UR,
+        direction: Vector3D = UR,
         buff: float = SMALL_BUFF,
         rotation: float = PI / 2,
         rotation_axis: Vector3D = OUT,
@@ -3023,7 +3027,7 @@ def __init__(
         faded_line_ratio: int = 1,
         make_smooth_after_applying_functions: bool = True,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         # error catching
         if azimuth_units in ["PI radians", "TAU radians", "degrees", "gradians", None]:
             self.azimuth_units = azimuth_units
@@ -3377,7 +3381,7 @@ def construct(self):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any):
         super().__init__(
             **kwargs,
         )

From 603779c524b3b57e9979df71826f56c7c32dae9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 23:16:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 32/34] Minor improvements to number_line.py

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
index b0a038f781..14964bffc3 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/number_line.py
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def __init__(
         numbers_to_exclude: Iterable[float] | None = None,
         numbers_to_include: Iterable[float] | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         # avoid mutable arguments in defaults
         if numbers_to_exclude is None:
             numbers_to_exclude = []
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ def get_unit_vector(self) -> Vector3D:
     def get_number_mobject(
         self,
         x: float,
-        direction: Sequence[float] | None = None,
+        direction: Vector3D | None = None,
         buff: float | None = None,
         font_size: float | None = None,
         label_constructor: type[MathTex] | None = None,
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ def __init__(
         numbers_with_elongated_ticks: list[float] | None = None,
         decimal_number_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         numbers_with_elongated_ticks = (
             [0, 1]
             if numbers_with_elongated_ticks is None

From 3307494e9552ebf434767d01c4aa586eb3db868a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henrik Skov Midtiby <hemi@mmmi.sdu.dk>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 23:17:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 33/34] Minor improvements to functions.py

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
index 819a155539..d125f45b6b 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/functions.py
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ def __init__(
         max_quads: int = 1500,
         use_smoothing: bool = True,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         """An implicit function.
 
         Parameters

From 55dac2fa01b8293d80691fb349303c33227e96a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Francisco=20Manr=C3=ADquez=20Novoa?=
 <49853152+chopan050@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 20:47:17 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 34/34] Update manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py

---
 manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
index d894a320eb..b6ed2b4ce3 100644
--- a/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
+++ b/manim/mobject/graphing/scale.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def __init__(self, custom_labels: bool = False):
     def function(self, value: float) -> float: ...
 
     @overload
-    def function(self, value: np.array) -> np.array: ...
+    def function(self, value: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray: ...
 
     def function(self, value: float) -> float:
         """The function that will be used to scale the values.