From 39459cdc4006b7af87402f43dfd63524ef0bb9f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leozqi <leo@leozqi.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 10:43:25 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 01/10] Add gamepad-pmod

---
 src/gamepad_pmod.v | 309 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/project.v      |  52 ++++++--
 2 files changed, 347 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/gamepad_pmod.v

diff --git a/src/gamepad_pmod.v b/src/gamepad_pmod.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42b5270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gamepad_pmod.v
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+// Vendored from: https://github.com/psychogenic/gamepad-pmod/blob/main/verilog/gamepad_pmod.v
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Pat Deegan
+ * https://psychogenic.com
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * Interfacing code for the Gamepad Pmod from Psycogenic Technologies,
+ * designed for Tiny Tapeout.
+ *
+ * There are two high-level modules that most users will be interested in:
+ * - gamepad_pmod_single: for a single controller;
+ * - gamepad_pmod_dual: for two controllers.
+ * 
+ * There are also two lower-level modules that you can use if you want to
+ * handle the interfacing yourself:
+ * - gamepad_pmod_driver: interfaces with the Pmod and provides the raw data;
+ * - gamepad_pmod_decoder: decodes the raw data into button states.
+ *
+ * The docs, schematics, PCB files, and firmware code for the Gamepad Pmod
+ * are available at https://github.com/psychogenic/gamepad-pmod.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gamepad_pmod_driver -- Serial interface for the Gamepad Pmod.
+ *
+ * This module reads raw data from the Gamepad Pmod *serially*
+ * and stores it in a shift register. When the latch signal is received, 
+ * the data is transferred into `data_reg` for further processing.
+ *
+ * Functionality:
+ *   - Synchronizes the `pmod_data`, `pmod_clk`, and `pmod_latch` signals 
+ *     to the system clock domain.
+ *   - Captures serial data on each falling edge of `pmod_clk`.
+ *   - Transfers the shifted data into `data_reg` when `pmod_latch` goes low.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *   - `BIT_WIDTH`: Defines the width of `data_reg` (default: 24 bits).
+ *
+ * Inputs:
+ *   - `rst_n`: Active-low reset.
+ *   - `clk`: System clock.
+ *   - `pmod_data`: Serial data input from the Pmod.
+ *   - `pmod_clk`: Serial clock from the Pmod.
+ *   - `pmod_latch`: Latch signal indicating the end of data transmission.
+ *
+ * Outputs:
+ *   - `data_reg`: Captured parallel data after shifting is complete.
+ */
+module gamepad_pmod_driver #(
+    parameter BIT_WIDTH = 24
+) (
+    input wire rst_n,
+    input wire clk,
+    input wire pmod_data,
+    input wire pmod_clk,
+    input wire pmod_latch,
+    output reg [BIT_WIDTH-1:0] data_reg
+);
+
+  reg pmod_clk_prev;
+  reg pmod_latch_prev;
+  reg [BIT_WIDTH-1:0] shift_reg;
+
+  // Sync Pmod signals to the clk domain:
+  reg [1:0] pmod_data_sync;
+  reg [1:0] pmod_clk_sync;
+  reg [1:0] pmod_latch_sync;
+
+  always @(posedge clk) begin
+    if (~rst_n) begin
+      pmod_data_sync  <= 2'b0;
+      pmod_clk_sync   <= 2'b0;
+      pmod_latch_sync <= 2'b0;
+    end else begin
+      pmod_data_sync  <= {pmod_data_sync[0], pmod_data};
+      pmod_clk_sync   <= {pmod_clk_sync[0], pmod_clk};
+      pmod_latch_sync <= {pmod_latch_sync[0], pmod_latch};
+    end
+  end
+
+  always @(posedge clk) begin
+    if (~rst_n) begin
+      /* set data and shift registers to all ones
+       * such that it is detected as "not present" yet.
+       */
+      data_reg <= {BIT_WIDTH{1'b1}};
+      shift_reg <= {BIT_WIDTH{1'b1}};
+      pmod_clk_prev <= 1'b0;
+      pmod_latch_prev <= 1'b0;
+    end
+    begin
+      pmod_clk_prev   <= pmod_clk_sync[1];
+      pmod_latch_prev <= pmod_latch_sync[1];
+
+      // Capture data on rising edge of pmod_latch:
+      if (pmod_latch_sync[1] & ~pmod_latch_prev) begin
+        data_reg <= shift_reg;
+      end
+
+      // Sample data on rising edge of pmod_clk:
+      if (pmod_clk_sync[1] & ~pmod_clk_prev) begin
+        shift_reg <= {shift_reg[BIT_WIDTH-2:0], pmod_data_sync[1]};
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+endmodule
+
+
+/**
+ * gamepad_pmod_decoder -- Decodes raw data from the Gamepad Pmod.
+ *
+ * This module takes a 12-bit parallel data register (`data_reg`) 
+ * and decodes it into individual button states. It also determines
+ * whether a controller is connected.
+ *
+ * Functionality:
+ *   - If `data_reg` contains all `1's` (`0xFFF`), it indicates that no controller is connected.
+ *   - Otherwise, it extracts individual button states from `data_reg`.
+ *
+ * Inputs:
+ *   - `data_reg [11:0]`: Captured button state data from the gamepad.
+ *
+ * Outputs:
+ *   - `b, y, select, start, up, down, left, right, a, x, l, r`: Individual button states (`1` = pressed, `0` = released).
+ *   - `is_present`: Indicates whether a controller is connected (`1` = connected, `0` = not connected).
+ */
+module gamepad_pmod_decoder (
+    input wire [11:0] data_reg,
+    output wire b,
+    output wire y,
+    output wire select,
+    output wire start,
+    output wire up,
+    output wire down,
+    output wire left,
+    output wire right,
+    output wire a,
+    output wire x,
+    output wire l,
+    output wire r,
+    output wire is_present
+);
+
+  // When the controller is not connected, the data register will be all 1's
+  wire reg_empty = (data_reg == 12'hfff);
+  assign is_present = reg_empty ? 0 : 1'b1;
+  assign {b, y, select, start, up, down, left, right, a, x, l, r} = reg_empty ? 0 : data_reg;
+
+endmodule
+
+
+/**
+ * gamepad_pmod_single -- Main interface for a single Gamepad Pmod controller.
+ * 
+ * This module provides button states for a **single controller**, reducing 
+ * resource usage (fewer flip-flops) compared to a dual-controller version.
+ * 
+ * Inputs:
+ *   - `pmod_data`, `pmod_clk`, and `pmod_latch` are the signals from the PMOD interface.
+ * 
+ * Outputs:
+ *   - Each button's state is provided as a single-bit wire (e.g., `start`, `up`, etc.).
+ *   - `is_present` indicates whether the controller is connected (`1` = connected, `0` = not detected).
+ */
+module gamepad_pmod_single (
+    input wire rst_n,
+    input wire clk,
+    input wire pmod_data,
+    input wire pmod_clk,
+    input wire pmod_latch,
+
+    output wire b,
+    output wire y,
+    output wire select,
+    output wire start,
+    output wire up,
+    output wire down,
+    output wire left,
+    output wire right,
+    output wire a,
+    output wire x,
+    output wire l,
+    output wire r,
+    output wire is_present
+);
+
+  wire [11:0] gamepad_pmod_data;
+
+  gamepad_pmod_driver #(
+      .BIT_WIDTH(12)
+  ) driver (
+      .rst_n(rst_n),
+      .clk(clk),
+      .pmod_data(pmod_data),
+      .pmod_clk(pmod_clk),
+      .pmod_latch(pmod_latch),
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data)
+  );
+
+  gamepad_pmod_decoder decoder (
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data),
+      .b(b),
+      .y(y),
+      .select(select),
+      .start(start),
+      .up(up),
+      .down(down),
+      .left(left),
+      .right(right),
+      .a(a),
+      .x(x),
+      .l(l),
+      .r(r),
+      .is_present(is_present)
+  );
+
+endmodule
+
+
+/**
+ * gamepad_pmod_dual -- Main interface for the Pmod gamepad.
+ * This module provides button states for two controllers using
+ * 2-bit vectors for each button (e.g., start[1:0], up[1:0], etc.).
+ * 
+ * Each button state is represented as a 2-bit vector:
+ *   - Index 0 corresponds to the first controller (e.g., up[0], y[0], etc.).
+ *   - Index 1 corresponds to the second controller (e.g., up[1], y[1], etc.).
+ *
+ * The `is_present` signal indicates whether a controller is connected:
+ *   - `is_present[0] == 1` when the first controller is connected.
+ *   - `is_present[1] == 1` when the second controller is connected.
+ *
+ * Inputs:
+ *   - `pmod_data`, `pmod_clk`, and `pmod_latch` are the 3 wires coming from the Pmod interface.
+ *
+ * Outputs:
+ *   - Button state vectors for each controller.
+ *   - Presence detection via `is_present`.
+ */
+module gamepad_pmod_dual (
+    input wire rst_n,
+    input wire clk,
+    input wire pmod_data,
+    input wire pmod_clk,
+    input wire pmod_latch,
+
+    output wire [1:0] b,
+    output wire [1:0] y,
+    output wire [1:0] select,
+    output wire [1:0] start,
+    output wire [1:0] up,
+    output wire [1:0] down,
+    output wire [1:0] left,
+    output wire [1:0] right,
+    output wire [1:0] a,
+    output wire [1:0] x,
+    output wire [1:0] l,
+    output wire [1:0] r,
+    output wire [1:0] is_present
+);
+
+  wire [23:0] gamepad_pmod_data;
+
+  gamepad_pmod_driver driver (
+      .rst_n(rst_n),
+      .clk(clk),
+      .pmod_data(pmod_data),
+      .pmod_clk(pmod_clk),
+      .pmod_latch(pmod_latch),
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data)
+  );
+
+  gamepad_pmod_decoder decoder1 (
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data[11:0]),
+      .b(b[0]),
+      .y(y[0]),
+      .select(select[0]),
+      .start(start[0]),
+      .up(up[0]),
+      .down(down[0]),
+      .left(left[0]),
+      .right(right[0]),
+      .a(a[0]),
+      .x(x[0]),
+      .l(l[0]),
+      .r(r[0]),
+      .is_present(is_present[0])
+  );
+
+  gamepad_pmod_decoder decoder2 (
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data[23:12]),
+      .b(b[1]),
+      .y(y[1]),
+      .select(select[1]),
+      .start(start[1]),
+      .up(up[1]),
+      .down(down[1]),
+      .left(left[1]),
+      .right(right[1]),
+      .a(a[1]),
+      .x(x[1]),
+      .l(l[1]),
+      .r(r[1]),
+      .is_present(is_present[1])
+  );
+
+endmodule
diff --git a/src/project.v b/src/project.v
index 5620973..d5802f1 100644
--- a/src/project.v
+++ b/src/project.v
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 `default_nettype none 
  
 module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame (
-    input  wire [7:0] ui_in,    // Dedicated inputs
+    input  wire [7:0] ui_in,    // Dedicated inputs: 4-6 are gamepad
     output wire [7:0] uo_out,   // Dedicated outputs
     input  wire [7:0] uio_in,   // IOs: Input path
     output wire [7:0] uio_out,  // IOs: Output path
@@ -30,20 +30,44 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame (
     wire button_up;
     wire button_down;
 
-    button_debounce button_up_debounce (
+    // Gamepad Pmod support
+    wire gamepad_pmod_latch = ui_in[4];
+    wire gamepad_pmod_clk = ui_in[5];
+    wire gamepad_pmod_data = ui_in[6];
+    wire gamepad_is_present;  // HIGH when gamepad is connected
+    wire gamepad_left; 
+    wire gamepad_right;
+    wire gamepad_up;
+    wire gamepad_down;
+    wire gamepad_start;   // Can leverage start, select from SNES
+    wire gamepad_select;
+
+    // Synchronizes pmod_data, pmod_clk, pmod_latch signals to system clock
+    // domain.
+    gamepad_pmod_single gamepad_pmod (
+        // Inputs:
         .clk(clk),
         .rst_n(rst_n),
-        .countdown_en(debounce_countdown_en),
-        .button_in(ui_in[0]),
-        .button_out(button_up)
-    );
+        .pmod_latch(gamepad_pmod_latch),
+        .pmod_clk(gamepad_pmod_clk),
+        .pmod_data(gamepad_pmod_data),
+
+        // Outputs:
+        .is_present(gamepad_is_present),
+        .left(gamepad_left),
+        .right(gamepad_right),
+        .up(gamepad_up),
+        .down(gamepad_down),
+        .start(gamepad_start),
+        .select(gamepad_select),
 
-    button_debounce button_down_debounce (
-      .clk(clk),
-      .rst_n(rst_n),
-      .countdown_en(debounce_countdown_en),
-      .button_in(ui_in[1]),
-      .button_out(button_down)
+        // unused outputs
+        .a(),
+        .b(),
+        .x(),
+        .y(),
+        .l(),
+        .r()
     );
 
     // GAME STATE SIGNALS
@@ -65,8 +89,8 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame (
         .clk(clk),
         .rst_n(rst_n),
         .game_tick(game_tick_20hz),
-        .button_up(button_up),
-        .button_down(button_down),
+        .button_up(gamepad_up),
+        .button_down(gamepad_down),
         .crash(crash),
         .player_position(player_position),
         .game_start_pulse(game_start_pulse),

From e99562fd472f45763992ed75e199c3789dfeba73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leozqi <leo@leozqi.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 10:43:25 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 02/10] Add gamepad-pmod

---
 src/dino_game_top.v |  61 +++++----
 src/gamepad_pmod.v  | 309 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 348 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/gamepad_pmod.v

diff --git a/src/dino_game_top.v b/src/dino_game_top.v
index 0a32789..32ed954 100644
--- a/src/dino_game_top.v
+++ b/src/dino_game_top.v
@@ -19,24 +19,41 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
     wire       game_tick_60hz;
     wire [1:0] game_tick_20hz; // two consecutive pulses generated ([0] and then [1]), enabling pipelining
 
-    wire debounce_countdown_en; // pulse on rising edge of 5th vpos bit
-    wire button_up; 
-    wire button_down; 
-
-    button_debounce button_up_debounce (
+    // Gamepad Pmod support
+    wire gamepad_pmod_latch = ui_in[4];
+    wire gamepad_pmod_clk = ui_in[5];
+    wire gamepad_pmod_data = ui_in[6];
+    wire gamepad_is_present;  // HIGH when gamepad is connected
+    wire gamepad_up;
+    wire gamepad_down;
+    wire gamepad_start;   // Can leverage start, select from SNES
+
+    // Synchronizes pmod_data, pmod_clk, pmod_latch signals to system clock
+    // domain.
+    gamepad_pmod_single gamepad_pmod (
+        // Inputs:
         .clk(clk),
         .rst_n(rst_n),
-        .countdown_en(debounce_countdown_en),
-        .button_in(ui_in[0]),
-        .button_out(button_up)
-    );
-    
-    button_debounce button_down_debounce (
-      .clk(clk),
-      .rst_n(rst_n),
-      .countdown_en(debounce_countdown_en),
-      .button_in(ui_in[1]),
-      .button_out(button_down)
+        .pmod_latch(gamepad_pmod_latch),
+        .pmod_clk(gamepad_pmod_clk),
+        .pmod_data(gamepad_pmod_data),
+
+        // Outputs:
+        .is_present(gamepad_is_present),
+        .up(gamepad_up),
+        .down(gamepad_down),
+        .start(gamepad_start),
+
+        // unused outputs
+        .left(),
+        .right(),
+        .select(),
+        .a(),
+        .b(),
+        .x(),
+        .y(),
+        .l(),
+        .r()
     );
 
     // GAME STATE SIGNALS
@@ -64,9 +81,9 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
         .clk(clk),
         .rst_n(rst_n),
         .game_tick(game_tick_20hz),
-        .button_start(button_up),
-        .button_up(button_up),
-        .button_down(button_down),
+        .button_start(gamepad_start),
+        .button_up(gamepad_up),
+        .button_down(gamepad_down),
         .crash(crash),
         .player_position(player_position),
         .game_start_pulse(game_start_pulse),
@@ -114,7 +131,7 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
     obs_rom obs_rom_inst_2 (.clk(clk), .rst(~rst_n), .i_rom_counter(obs_rom_counter_2), .i_obs_type(obstacle2_type), .o_sprite_color(obs_color_2));
   
     wire [15:0] score;
-
+  
     score_render #(.CONV(CONV), .OFFSET(120)) score_inst_1 (
         .clk(clk),
         .rst(~rst_n),
@@ -123,7 +140,7 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
         .i_vpos(vpos),
         .o_score_color(score_color_1)
     );
-
+  
     score_render #(.CONV(CONV), .OFFSET(110)) score_inst_2 (
         .clk(clk),
         .rst(~rst_n),
@@ -229,6 +246,6 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
     assign uio_oe  = 8'b10000000;
 
     // List all unused inputs to prevent warnings
-    wire _unused = &{ena, ui_in[7:2], uio_in, 1'b0};
+    wire _unused = &{ena, ui_in[7], ui_in[3:0], uio_in, 1'b0};
 
 endmodule
diff --git a/src/gamepad_pmod.v b/src/gamepad_pmod.v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42b5270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/gamepad_pmod.v
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+// Vendored from: https://github.com/psychogenic/gamepad-pmod/blob/main/verilog/gamepad_pmod.v
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 Pat Deegan
+ * https://psychogenic.com
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * Interfacing code for the Gamepad Pmod from Psycogenic Technologies,
+ * designed for Tiny Tapeout.
+ *
+ * There are two high-level modules that most users will be interested in:
+ * - gamepad_pmod_single: for a single controller;
+ * - gamepad_pmod_dual: for two controllers.
+ * 
+ * There are also two lower-level modules that you can use if you want to
+ * handle the interfacing yourself:
+ * - gamepad_pmod_driver: interfaces with the Pmod and provides the raw data;
+ * - gamepad_pmod_decoder: decodes the raw data into button states.
+ *
+ * The docs, schematics, PCB files, and firmware code for the Gamepad Pmod
+ * are available at https://github.com/psychogenic/gamepad-pmod.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * gamepad_pmod_driver -- Serial interface for the Gamepad Pmod.
+ *
+ * This module reads raw data from the Gamepad Pmod *serially*
+ * and stores it in a shift register. When the latch signal is received, 
+ * the data is transferred into `data_reg` for further processing.
+ *
+ * Functionality:
+ *   - Synchronizes the `pmod_data`, `pmod_clk`, and `pmod_latch` signals 
+ *     to the system clock domain.
+ *   - Captures serial data on each falling edge of `pmod_clk`.
+ *   - Transfers the shifted data into `data_reg` when `pmod_latch` goes low.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ *   - `BIT_WIDTH`: Defines the width of `data_reg` (default: 24 bits).
+ *
+ * Inputs:
+ *   - `rst_n`: Active-low reset.
+ *   - `clk`: System clock.
+ *   - `pmod_data`: Serial data input from the Pmod.
+ *   - `pmod_clk`: Serial clock from the Pmod.
+ *   - `pmod_latch`: Latch signal indicating the end of data transmission.
+ *
+ * Outputs:
+ *   - `data_reg`: Captured parallel data after shifting is complete.
+ */
+module gamepad_pmod_driver #(
+    parameter BIT_WIDTH = 24
+) (
+    input wire rst_n,
+    input wire clk,
+    input wire pmod_data,
+    input wire pmod_clk,
+    input wire pmod_latch,
+    output reg [BIT_WIDTH-1:0] data_reg
+);
+
+  reg pmod_clk_prev;
+  reg pmod_latch_prev;
+  reg [BIT_WIDTH-1:0] shift_reg;
+
+  // Sync Pmod signals to the clk domain:
+  reg [1:0] pmod_data_sync;
+  reg [1:0] pmod_clk_sync;
+  reg [1:0] pmod_latch_sync;
+
+  always @(posedge clk) begin
+    if (~rst_n) begin
+      pmod_data_sync  <= 2'b0;
+      pmod_clk_sync   <= 2'b0;
+      pmod_latch_sync <= 2'b0;
+    end else begin
+      pmod_data_sync  <= {pmod_data_sync[0], pmod_data};
+      pmod_clk_sync   <= {pmod_clk_sync[0], pmod_clk};
+      pmod_latch_sync <= {pmod_latch_sync[0], pmod_latch};
+    end
+  end
+
+  always @(posedge clk) begin
+    if (~rst_n) begin
+      /* set data and shift registers to all ones
+       * such that it is detected as "not present" yet.
+       */
+      data_reg <= {BIT_WIDTH{1'b1}};
+      shift_reg <= {BIT_WIDTH{1'b1}};
+      pmod_clk_prev <= 1'b0;
+      pmod_latch_prev <= 1'b0;
+    end
+    begin
+      pmod_clk_prev   <= pmod_clk_sync[1];
+      pmod_latch_prev <= pmod_latch_sync[1];
+
+      // Capture data on rising edge of pmod_latch:
+      if (pmod_latch_sync[1] & ~pmod_latch_prev) begin
+        data_reg <= shift_reg;
+      end
+
+      // Sample data on rising edge of pmod_clk:
+      if (pmod_clk_sync[1] & ~pmod_clk_prev) begin
+        shift_reg <= {shift_reg[BIT_WIDTH-2:0], pmod_data_sync[1]};
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+endmodule
+
+
+/**
+ * gamepad_pmod_decoder -- Decodes raw data from the Gamepad Pmod.
+ *
+ * This module takes a 12-bit parallel data register (`data_reg`) 
+ * and decodes it into individual button states. It also determines
+ * whether a controller is connected.
+ *
+ * Functionality:
+ *   - If `data_reg` contains all `1's` (`0xFFF`), it indicates that no controller is connected.
+ *   - Otherwise, it extracts individual button states from `data_reg`.
+ *
+ * Inputs:
+ *   - `data_reg [11:0]`: Captured button state data from the gamepad.
+ *
+ * Outputs:
+ *   - `b, y, select, start, up, down, left, right, a, x, l, r`: Individual button states (`1` = pressed, `0` = released).
+ *   - `is_present`: Indicates whether a controller is connected (`1` = connected, `0` = not connected).
+ */
+module gamepad_pmod_decoder (
+    input wire [11:0] data_reg,
+    output wire b,
+    output wire y,
+    output wire select,
+    output wire start,
+    output wire up,
+    output wire down,
+    output wire left,
+    output wire right,
+    output wire a,
+    output wire x,
+    output wire l,
+    output wire r,
+    output wire is_present
+);
+
+  // When the controller is not connected, the data register will be all 1's
+  wire reg_empty = (data_reg == 12'hfff);
+  assign is_present = reg_empty ? 0 : 1'b1;
+  assign {b, y, select, start, up, down, left, right, a, x, l, r} = reg_empty ? 0 : data_reg;
+
+endmodule
+
+
+/**
+ * gamepad_pmod_single -- Main interface for a single Gamepad Pmod controller.
+ * 
+ * This module provides button states for a **single controller**, reducing 
+ * resource usage (fewer flip-flops) compared to a dual-controller version.
+ * 
+ * Inputs:
+ *   - `pmod_data`, `pmod_clk`, and `pmod_latch` are the signals from the PMOD interface.
+ * 
+ * Outputs:
+ *   - Each button's state is provided as a single-bit wire (e.g., `start`, `up`, etc.).
+ *   - `is_present` indicates whether the controller is connected (`1` = connected, `0` = not detected).
+ */
+module gamepad_pmod_single (
+    input wire rst_n,
+    input wire clk,
+    input wire pmod_data,
+    input wire pmod_clk,
+    input wire pmod_latch,
+
+    output wire b,
+    output wire y,
+    output wire select,
+    output wire start,
+    output wire up,
+    output wire down,
+    output wire left,
+    output wire right,
+    output wire a,
+    output wire x,
+    output wire l,
+    output wire r,
+    output wire is_present
+);
+
+  wire [11:0] gamepad_pmod_data;
+
+  gamepad_pmod_driver #(
+      .BIT_WIDTH(12)
+  ) driver (
+      .rst_n(rst_n),
+      .clk(clk),
+      .pmod_data(pmod_data),
+      .pmod_clk(pmod_clk),
+      .pmod_latch(pmod_latch),
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data)
+  );
+
+  gamepad_pmod_decoder decoder (
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data),
+      .b(b),
+      .y(y),
+      .select(select),
+      .start(start),
+      .up(up),
+      .down(down),
+      .left(left),
+      .right(right),
+      .a(a),
+      .x(x),
+      .l(l),
+      .r(r),
+      .is_present(is_present)
+  );
+
+endmodule
+
+
+/**
+ * gamepad_pmod_dual -- Main interface for the Pmod gamepad.
+ * This module provides button states for two controllers using
+ * 2-bit vectors for each button (e.g., start[1:0], up[1:0], etc.).
+ * 
+ * Each button state is represented as a 2-bit vector:
+ *   - Index 0 corresponds to the first controller (e.g., up[0], y[0], etc.).
+ *   - Index 1 corresponds to the second controller (e.g., up[1], y[1], etc.).
+ *
+ * The `is_present` signal indicates whether a controller is connected:
+ *   - `is_present[0] == 1` when the first controller is connected.
+ *   - `is_present[1] == 1` when the second controller is connected.
+ *
+ * Inputs:
+ *   - `pmod_data`, `pmod_clk`, and `pmod_latch` are the 3 wires coming from the Pmod interface.
+ *
+ * Outputs:
+ *   - Button state vectors for each controller.
+ *   - Presence detection via `is_present`.
+ */
+module gamepad_pmod_dual (
+    input wire rst_n,
+    input wire clk,
+    input wire pmod_data,
+    input wire pmod_clk,
+    input wire pmod_latch,
+
+    output wire [1:0] b,
+    output wire [1:0] y,
+    output wire [1:0] select,
+    output wire [1:0] start,
+    output wire [1:0] up,
+    output wire [1:0] down,
+    output wire [1:0] left,
+    output wire [1:0] right,
+    output wire [1:0] a,
+    output wire [1:0] x,
+    output wire [1:0] l,
+    output wire [1:0] r,
+    output wire [1:0] is_present
+);
+
+  wire [23:0] gamepad_pmod_data;
+
+  gamepad_pmod_driver driver (
+      .rst_n(rst_n),
+      .clk(clk),
+      .pmod_data(pmod_data),
+      .pmod_clk(pmod_clk),
+      .pmod_latch(pmod_latch),
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data)
+  );
+
+  gamepad_pmod_decoder decoder1 (
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data[11:0]),
+      .b(b[0]),
+      .y(y[0]),
+      .select(select[0]),
+      .start(start[0]),
+      .up(up[0]),
+      .down(down[0]),
+      .left(left[0]),
+      .right(right[0]),
+      .a(a[0]),
+      .x(x[0]),
+      .l(l[0]),
+      .r(r[0]),
+      .is_present(is_present[0])
+  );
+
+  gamepad_pmod_decoder decoder2 (
+      .data_reg(gamepad_pmod_data[23:12]),
+      .b(b[1]),
+      .y(y[1]),
+      .select(select[1]),
+      .start(start[1]),
+      .up(up[1]),
+      .down(down[1]),
+      .left(left[1]),
+      .right(right[1]),
+      .a(a[1]),
+      .x(x[1]),
+      .l(l[1]),
+      .r(r[1]),
+      .is_present(is_present[1])
+  );
+
+endmodule

From d9e0761d30d7caf2a610b63dc12126bb84cd56b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Penguronik <ronikant12345@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Mar 2025 16:00:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 03/10] delete project.v

---
 src/project.v | 0
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/project.v

diff --git a/src/project.v b/src/project.v
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000

From 12748c5f267910eaf5456e904501740689e94897 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Penguronik <ronikant12345@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Mar 2025 16:03:59 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 04/10] remove vpos[5] for debounce

---
 src/dino_game_top.v | 1 -
 src/graphics_top.v  | 4 ----
 2 files changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/dino_game_top.v b/src/dino_game_top.v
index 32ed954..fa10146 100644
--- a/src/dino_game_top.v
+++ b/src/dino_game_top.v
@@ -217,7 +217,6 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
         .o_game_tick_60hz(game_tick_60hz),
         .o_game_tick_20hz(game_tick_20hz[0]),
         .o_game_tick_20hz_r(game_tick_20hz[1]),
-        .o_vpos_5_r(debounce_countdown_en),
         .o_collision(crash)
     );
 
diff --git a/src/graphics_top.v b/src/graphics_top.v
index f797b8a..34a92f9 100644
--- a/src/graphics_top.v
+++ b/src/graphics_top.v
@@ -18,14 +18,12 @@ module graphics_top #(parameter CONV = 0)(
   output reg o_game_tick_60hz,
   output reg o_game_tick_20hz,
   output reg o_game_tick_20hz_r,
-  output reg o_vpos_5_r,
   output reg o_collision
 );
     // ============== HVSYNC =============
     // TODO can change hpos to increment by 2 to reduce bits
     reg [9:0] hpos;
     reg [9:0] vpos;
-    reg vpos_5_r;
     reg display_on;
     // TODO can remove this pipeline stage if we don't need it
     reg hsync;
@@ -57,7 +55,6 @@ module graphics_top #(parameter CONV = 0)(
         end else begin
             // vsync_r <= vsync;
             // hsync_r <= hsync;
-            vpos_5_r <= vpos[5];
             // display_on_r <= display_on;
         end
     end
@@ -118,7 +115,6 @@ module graphics_top #(parameter CONV = 0)(
         o_game_tick_60hz = (vpos == 0) && (hpos == 0);
         o_game_tick_20hz = frame_counter == 1 && o_game_tick_60hz;
         o_game_tick_20hz_r = game_tick_r;
-        o_vpos_5_r = (vpos[5] == 1) && (vpos_5_r == 0);
         o_collision = i_color_obstacle && i_color_player;
     end
 

From 6d8853009d59a44bff43fea9ff625b14063524cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Penguronik <ronikant12345@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Mar 2025 16:04:57 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 05/10] actually remove vpos[5]

---
 src/graphics_top.v | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/graphics_top.v b/src/graphics_top.v
index 34a92f9..05b7c4f 100644
--- a/src/graphics_top.v
+++ b/src/graphics_top.v
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ module graphics_top #(parameter CONV = 0)(
         if (rst) begin
             // hsync_r <= 1'b0;
             // vsync_r <= 1'b0;
-            vpos_5_r <= 1'b0;
             // display_on_r <= 1'b0;
         end else begin
             // vsync_r <= vsync;

From 688fba4d46f75ae17a72564d8a8de9549add6acf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Penguronik <ronikant12345@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Mar 2025 16:09:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 06/10] set unused gamepad

---
 src/dino_game_top.v | 11 -----------
 src/gamepad_pmod.v  |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/dino_game_top.v b/src/dino_game_top.v
index fa10146..e2ba49e 100644
--- a/src/dino_game_top.v
+++ b/src/dino_game_top.v
@@ -43,17 +43,6 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
         .up(gamepad_up),
         .down(gamepad_down),
         .start(gamepad_start),
-
-        // unused outputs
-        .left(),
-        .right(),
-        .select(),
-        .a(),
-        .b(),
-        .x(),
-        .y(),
-        .l(),
-        .r()
     );
 
     // GAME STATE SIGNALS
diff --git a/src/gamepad_pmod.v b/src/gamepad_pmod.v
index 42b5270..16ef8aa 100644
--- a/src/gamepad_pmod.v
+++ b/src/gamepad_pmod.v
@@ -143,6 +143,8 @@ module gamepad_pmod_decoder (
     output wire is_present
 );
 
+  wire _unused = &{b, y, select, left, right, a, x, l, r};
+
   // When the controller is not connected, the data register will be all 1's
   wire reg_empty = (data_reg == 12'hfff);
   assign is_present = reg_empty ? 0 : 1'b1;

From 210a3481a169cf0f6c50804de6e3e4699dbe6ca4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Penguronik <ronikant12345@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Mar 2025 16:15:29 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 07/10] missing comma

---
 src/dino_game_top.v | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/dino_game_top.v b/src/dino_game_top.v
index e2ba49e..274512d 100644
--- a/src/dino_game_top.v
+++ b/src/dino_game_top.v
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
         .is_present(gamepad_is_present),
         .up(gamepad_up),
         .down(gamepad_down),
-        .start(gamepad_start),
+        .start(gamepad_start)
     );
 
     // GAME STATE SIGNALS

From f8e228e5b2597334ca690b1ac524ee77d8bb80be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Penguronik <ronikant12345@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Mar 2025 16:20:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 08/10] added to info.yaml

---
 info.yaml | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/info.yaml b/info.yaml
index 5aa6301..a88946e 100644
--- a/info.yaml
+++ b/info.yaml
@@ -17,12 +17,16 @@ project:
   # Source files must be in ./src and you must list each source file separately, one per line.
   # Don't forget to also update `PROJECT_SOURCES` in test/Makefile.
   source_files:
+    - "audio_interface.v"
     - "debounce.v"
     - "dino_game_top.v"
     - "dino_render.v"
     - "dino_rom.v"
+    - "gamepad_pmod.v"
+    - "game_over_sound_player.v"
     - "graphics_top.v"
     - "hvsync_generator.v"
+    - "jump_sound_player.v"
     - "lfsr.v"
     - "obs_render.v"
     - "obs_rom.v"
@@ -31,9 +35,6 @@ project:
     - "player_physics.v"
     - "score.v"
     - "score_render.v"
-    - "audio_interface.v"
-    - "jump_sound_player.v"
-    - "game_over_sound_player.v"
 
 
 # The pinout of your project. Leave unused pins blank. DO NOT delete or add any pins.

From 7848307015e39657ca6f3450bba30e4694726b59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Roni Kant <35043400+Penguronik@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:47:14 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/10] fix unused errors

---
 src/dino_game_top.v | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/dino_game_top.v b/src/dino_game_top.v
index 6b10a24..e16ea56 100644
--- a/src/dino_game_top.v
+++ b/src/dino_game_top.v
@@ -27,6 +27,15 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
     wire gamepad_up;
     wire gamepad_down;
     wire gamepad_start;   // Can leverage start, select from SNES
+    wire gamepad_b;
+    wire gamepad_y;
+    wire gamepad_select;
+    wire gamepad_left;
+    wire gamepad_right;
+    wire gamepad_a;
+    wire gamepad_x;
+    wire gamepad_l;
+    wire gamepad_r;
 
     // Synchronizes pmod_data, pmod_clk, pmod_latch signals to system clock
     // domain.
@@ -42,7 +51,16 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
         .is_present(gamepad_is_present),
         .up(gamepad_up),
         .down(gamepad_down),
-        .start(gamepad_start)
+        .start(gamepad_start),
+        .b(gamepad_b),
+        .y(gamepad_y),
+        .select(gamepad_select),
+        .left(gamepad_left),
+        .right(gamepad_right),
+        .a(gamepad_a),
+        .x(gamepad_x),
+        .l(gamepad_l),
+        .r(gamepad_r)
     );
 
     // GAME STATE SIGNALS
@@ -240,6 +258,6 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
     assign uio_oe  = 8'b10000000;
 
     // List all unused inputs to prevent warnings
-    wire _unused = &{ena, ui_in[7], ui_in[3:0], uio_in, 1'b0};
+ wire _unused = &{ena, ui_in[7], ui_in[3:0], uio_in, gamepad_start, gamepad_b, gamepad_y, gamepad_select, gamepad_left, gamepad_right, gamepad_a, gamepad_x, gamepad_l, gamepad_r, 1'b0};
 
 endmodule

From 653226b8a15d4a849ecf64dd8abb5f6db0f0f0cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Roni Kant <35043400+Penguronik@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:50:11 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/10] Update dino_game_top.v

---
 src/dino_game_top.v | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/dino_game_top.v b/src/dino_game_top.v
index e16ea56..649e7fa 100644
--- a/src/dino_game_top.v
+++ b/src/dino_game_top.v
@@ -258,6 +258,6 @@ module tt_um_uwasic_dinogame #(parameter CONV = 2) (
     assign uio_oe  = 8'b10000000;
 
     // List all unused inputs to prevent warnings
- wire _unused = &{ena, ui_in[7], ui_in[3:0], uio_in, gamepad_start, gamepad_b, gamepad_y, gamepad_select, gamepad_left, gamepad_right, gamepad_a, gamepad_x, gamepad_l, gamepad_r, 1'b0};
+ wire _unused = &{ena, ui_in[7], ui_in[3:0], uio_in, gamepad_start, gamepad_b, gamepad_y, gamepad_select, gamepad_left, gamepad_right, gamepad_a, gamepad_x, gamepad_l, gamepad_r, gamepad_is_present, 1'b0};
 
 endmodule