[fix](schema-change) Prevent coredump when reading non-overlapping segments from a single rowset during heavy schema change (#57191)

### What problem does this PR solve?

Problem Summary:

```
*** Query id: 0-0 ***
*** is nereids: 0 ***
*** tablet id: 1751140494462 ***
*** Aborted at 1751208065 (unix time) try "date -d @1751208065" if you are using GNU date ***
*** Current BE git commitID: 34d8342 ***
*** SIGSEGV invalid permissions for mapped object (@0x556ef4dfc000) received by PID 4975 (TID 5587 OR 0x7f71da3c4640) from PID 18446744073522888704; stack trace: ***
 0# doris::signal::(anonymous namespace)::FailureSignalHandler(int, siginfo_t*, void*) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/common/signal_handler.h:421
 1# PosixSignals::chained_handler(int, siginfo*, void*) [clone .part.0] in /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64/lib/server/libjvm.so
 2# JVM_handle_linux_signal in /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64/lib/server/libjvm.so
 3# 0x00007F731FC1F520 in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
 4# doris::vectorized::VMergeIteratorContext::copy_rows(doris::vectorized::Block*, bool) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/vec/olap/vgeneric_iterators.cpp:148
 5# doris::Status doris::vectorized::VMergeIterator::_next_batch<doris::vectorized::Block>(doris::vectorized::Block*) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/vec/olap/vgeneric_iterators.h:242
 6# doris::vectorized::VMergeIterator::next_batch(doris::vectorized::Block*) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/vec/olap/vgeneric_iterators.h:201
 7# doris::BetaRowsetReader::next_block(doris::vectorized::Block*) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/olap/rowset/beta_rowset_reader.cpp:378
 8# doris::VSchemaChangeDirectly::_inner_process(std::shared_ptr<doris::RowsetReader>, doris::RowsetWriter*, std::shared_ptr<doris::BaseTablet>, std::shared_ptr<doris::TabletSchema>, std::shared_ptr<doris::TabletSchema>) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/olap/schema_change.cpp:523
 9# doris::SchemaChange::process(std::shared_ptr<doris::RowsetReader>, doris::RowsetWriter*, std::shared_ptr<doris::BaseTablet>, std::shared_ptr<doris::BaseTablet>, std::shared_ptr<doris::TabletSchema>, std::shared_ptr<doris::TabletSchema>) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/olap/schema_change.h:120
10# doris::SchemaChangeJob::_convert_historical_rowsets(doris::SchemaChangeParams const&, long*) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/olap/schema_change.cpp:1179
11# doris::SchemaChangeJob::_do_process_alter_tablet(doris::TAlterTabletReqV2 const&) in /mnt/hdd01/PERFORMANCE_ENV/be/lib/doris_be
12# doris::SchemaChangeJob::process_alter_tablet(doris::TAlterTabletReqV2 const&) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/olap/schema_change.cpp:759
13# doris::alter_tablet_callback(doris::StorageEngine&, doris::TAgentTaskRequest const&) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/agent/task_worker_pool.cpp:1990
14# std::_Function_handler<void (), doris::TaskWorkerPool::submit_task(doris::TAgentTaskRequest const&)::$_0::operator()<doris::TAgentTaskRequest const&>(doris::TAgentTaskRequest const&) const::{lambda()#1}>::_M_invoke(std::_Any_data const&) at /var/local/ldb-toolchain/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_function.h:291
15# doris::ThreadPool::dispatch_thread() at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/util/threadpool.cpp:609
16# doris::Thread::supervise_thread(void*) at /home/zcp/repo_center/doris_branch-3.0/doris/be/src/util/thread.cpp:499
17# start_thread at ./nptl/pthread_create.c:442
18# 0x00007F731FD03850 at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone3.S:83
```

Schema of input block from base tablet should merge dropped column.

Author: TangSiyang2001

be/src/olap/schema_change.cpp

@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ Status VSchemaChangeDirectly::_inner_process(RowsetReaderSharedPtr rowset_reader
     bool eof = false;
     do {
         auto new_block = vectorized::Block::create_unique(new_tablet_schema->create_block());
-        auto ref_block = vectorized::Block::create_unique(base_tablet_schema->create_block());
+        auto ref_block = vectorized::Block::create_unique(base_tablet_schema->create_block(false));
 
         auto st = rowset_reader->next_block(ref_block.get());
         if (!st) {
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ Status VBaseSchemaChangeWithSorting::_inner_process(RowsetReaderSharedPtr rowset
 
     bool eof = false;
     do {
-        auto ref_block = vectorized::Block::create_unique(base_tablet_schema->create_block());
+        auto ref_block = vectorized::Block::create_unique(base_tablet_schema->create_block(false));
         auto st = rowset_reader->next_block(ref_block.get());
         if (!st) {
             if (st.is<ErrorCode::END_OF_FILE>()) {

regression-test/data/schema_change_p0/test_non_overlap_seg_heavy_sc.out

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-- This file is automatically generated. You should know what you did if you want to edit this
+-- !sql --
+2	2
+3	3
+4	4
+5	5
+

regression-test/suites/schema_change_p0/test_non_overlap_seg_heavy_sc.groovy

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+suite("test_non_overlap_seg_heavy_sc") {
+    def tblName = "test_non_overlap_seg_heavy_sc"
+    sql """
+        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${tblName}_src
+        """
+    sql """
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ${tblName}_src
+        (
+            k INT NOT NULL,
+            v1 INT NOT NULL,
+            v2 INT NOT NULL
+        )
+        DUPLICATE KEY(k)
+        DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(k) BUCKETS 5
+        PROPERTIES(
+            "replication_num" = "1",
+            "light_schema_change" = "true",
+            "disable_auto_compaction" = "true"
+        ); 
+        """
+
+    sql """
+        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${tblName}_dst
+        """
+    sql """
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ${tblName}_dst
+        (
+            k INT NOT NULL,
+            v1 INT NOT NULL,
+            v2 INT NOT NULL
+        )
+        DUPLICATE KEY(k)
+        DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(k) BUCKETS 1
+        PROPERTIES(
+            "replication_num" = "1",
+            "light_schema_change" = "true",
+            "disable_auto_compaction" = "true"
+        ); 
+        """
+
+    sql """ INSERT INTO ${tblName}_src VALUES (1, 1, 1),(2, 2, 2),(3, 3, 3),(4, 4, 4),(5, 5, 5) """
+
+    sql """ INSERT INTO ${tblName}_dst SELECT * FROM ${tblName}_src """
+
+    sql """ DELETE FROM ${tblName}_dst WHERE v1 = 1 """
+
+    sql """ ALTER TABLE ${tblName}_dst DROP COLUMN v1"""
+
+    sql """ ALTER TABLE ${tblName}_dst MODIFY COLUMN v2 STRING NOT NULL """
+
+    waitForSchemaChangeDone {
+        sql """ SHOW ALTER TABLE COLUMN WHERE TableName='${tblName}_dst' ORDER BY createtime DESC LIMIT 1 """
+        time 600
+    }
+
+    qt_sql """ SELECT * FROM ${tblName}_dst ORDER BY k """
+}