diff --git a/src/arrays.js b/src/arrays.js
index 968a168b..abe702db 100644
--- a/src/arrays.js
+++ b/src/arrays.js
@@ -14,12 +14,20 @@ const each = (elements, cb) => {
   // This only needs to work with arrays.
   // You should also pass the index into `cb` as the second argument
   // based off http://underscorejs.org/#each
+  for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+    cb(elements[i], i);
+  }
 };
 
 const map = (elements, cb) => {
   // Do NOT use .map, to complete this function.
   // Produces a new array of values by mapping each value in list through a transformation function (iteratee).
   // Return the new array.
+  const newArr = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+    newArr.push(cb(elements[i]));
+  }
+  return newArr;
 };
 
 const reduce = (elements, cb, startingValue) => {
@@ -28,6 +36,15 @@ const reduce = (elements, cb, startingValue) => {
   // Elements will be passed one by one into `cb` along with the `startingValue`.
   // `startingValue` should be the first argument passed to `cb` and the array element should be the second argument.
   // `startingValue` is the starting value.  If `startingValue` is undefined then make `elements[0]` the initial value.
+  let reduced = '';
+  if (startingValue === undefined) {
+    startingValue = 0;
+  }
+  for (let i = startingValue; i < elements.length; i++) {
+    cb(startingValue, elements[i]);
+    reduced += elements[i];
+  }
+  return reduced;
 };
 
 const find = (elements, cb) => {
@@ -35,12 +52,25 @@ const find = (elements, cb) => {
   // Look through each value in `elements` and pass each element to `cb`.
   // If `cb` returns `true` then return that element.
   // Return `undefined` if no elements pass the truth test.
+  for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+    if (cb(elements[i])) {
+      return elements[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined;
 };
 
 const filter = (elements, cb) => {
   // Do NOT use .filter, to complete this function.
   // Similar to `find` but you will return an array of all elements that passed the truth test
   // Return an empty array if no elements pass the truth test
+  const filtered = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+    if (cb(elements[i])) {
+      filtered.push(elements[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  return filtered;
 };
 
 /* STRETCH PROBLEM */
diff --git a/src/callbacks.js b/src/callbacks.js
index 53917475..1f1243ca 100644
--- a/src/callbacks.js
+++ b/src/callbacks.js
@@ -1,26 +1,38 @@
 const firstItem = (arr, cb) => {
   // firstItem passes the first item of the given array to the callback function.
+  cb(arr[0]);
 };
 
 const getLength = (arr, cb) => {
   // getLength passes the length of the array into the callback.
+  cb(arr.length);
 };
 
 const last = (arr, cb) => {
   // last passes the last item of the array into the callback.
+  const myLast = arr.length - 1;
+  return cb(myLast);
 };
 
 const sumNums = (x, y, cb) => {
   // sumNums adds two numbers (x, y) and passes the result to the callback.
+  cb(x + y);
 };
 
 const multiplyNums = (x, y, cb) => {
   // multiplyNums multiplies two numbers and passes the result to the callback.
+  cb(x * y);
 };
 
 const contains = (item, list, cb) => {
   // contains checks if an item is present inside of the given array/list.
   // Pass true to the callback if it is, otherwise pass false.
+  for (let i = 0; i < item.length; i++) {
+    if (list[i] === item) {
+      return cb(true);
+    }
+  }
+  return cb(false);
 };
 
 /* STRETCH PROBLEM */
diff --git a/src/closure.js b/src/closure.js
index 2a3cee37..3c653d25 100644
--- a/src/closure.js
+++ b/src/closure.js
@@ -5,17 +5,50 @@ const counter = () => {
   // Example: const newCounter = counter();
   // newCounter(); // 1
   // newCounter(); // 2
+  let myCount = 0;
+  return () => {
+    myCount++;
+    return myCount;
+  };
 };
 
 const counterFactory = () => {
   // Return an object that has two methods called `increment` and `decrement`.
   // `increment` should increment a counter variable in closure scope and return it.
   // `decrement` should decrement the counter variable and return it.
+  let myCount = 0;
+  const obj = {
+    increment: () => {
+      myCount++;
+      return myCount;
+    },
+    decrement: () => {
+      myCount--;
+      return myCount;
+    }
+  };
+
+  return obj;
 };
 
 const limitFunctionCallCount = (cb, n) => {
   // Should return a function that invokes `cb`.
   // The returned function should only allow `cb` to be invoked `n` times.
+  // let myCount = 0;
+  // return () => {
+  //   if (myCount < n) {
+  //     myCount++;
+  //     return cb();
+  //   }
+  // };
+  return () => {
+    const myCount = 0;
+    return () => {
+      if (myCount < n) {
+        cb();
+      }
+    };
+  };
 };
 
 /* STRETCH PROBLEM */
diff --git a/src/objects.js b/src/objects.js
index 2898d4d4..5822fb80 100644
--- a/src/objects.js
+++ b/src/objects.js
@@ -5,22 +5,30 @@ const keys = (obj) => {
   // Retrieve all the names of the object's properties.
   // Return the keys as strings in an array.
   // Based on http://underscorejs.org/#keys
+  return Object.keys(obj);
 };
 
 const values = (obj) => {
   // Return all of the values of the object's own properties.
   // Ignore functions
   // http://underscorejs.org/#values
+  return Object.values(obj);
 };
 
 const mapObject = (obj, cb) => {
   // Like map for arrays, but for objects. Transform the value of each property in turn.
   // http://underscorejs.org/#mapObject
+  // Object.keys(obj).forEach(x => (obj[x] = cb(obj[x])));
+  // return obj;
+  const newObj = {};
+  Object.keys(obj).forEach(x => (newObj[x] = cb(obj[x])));
+  return newObj;
 };
 
 const pairs = (obj) => {
   // Convert an object into a list of [key, value] pairs.
   // http://underscorejs.org/#pairs
+  return Object.entries(obj);
 };
 
 /* STRETCH PROBLEMS */