diff --git a/dandi/pynwb_utils.py b/dandi/pynwb_utils.py
index d80e0e55e..7ffe552a8 100644
--- a/dandi/pynwb_utils.py
+++ b/dandi/pynwb_utils.py
@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
+"""Utilities for working with NWB (Neurodata Without Borders) files.
+
+This module provides helper functions for reading, validating, and extracting
+metadata from NWB files using PyNWB. Features include:
+- NWB file I/O with caching
+- Metadata extraction for DANDI schema
+- Version compatibility checking
+- External link detection
+- Validation against NWB standards
+"""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections import Counter
diff --git a/dandi/validate.py b/dandi/validate.py
index 3b4dae26f..c32000dab 100644
--- a/dandi/validate.py
+++ b/dandi/validate.py
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+"""Validation of DANDI datasets against schemas and standards.
+
+This module provides validation functionality for dandisets, including:
+- DANDI schema validation
+- BIDS standard validation
+- File layout and organization validation
+- Metadata completeness checking
+"""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Iterator