diff --git a/dandischema/models.py b/dandischema/models.py
index eaa98263..365aa69d 100644
--- a/dandischema/models.py
+++ b/dandischema/models.py
@@ -571,7 +571,6 @@ def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
             if value.get("format", None) == "uri":
                 value["maxLength"] = 1000
             allOf = value.get("allOf")
-            anyOf = value.get("anyOf")
             items = value.get("items")
             if allOf is not None:
                 if len(allOf) == 1 and "$ref" in allOf[0]:
@@ -581,9 +580,6 @@ def __get_pydantic_json_schema__(
                     value["oneOf"] = value["allOf"]
                     value["type"] = "object"
                     del value["allOf"]
-            if anyOf is not None:
-                if len(anyOf) > 1 and any(["$ref" in val for val in anyOf]):
-                    value["type"] = "object"
             if items is not None:
                 anyOf = items.get("anyOf")
                 if (
@@ -612,7 +608,7 @@ class PropertyValue(DandiBaseModel):
     maxValue: Optional[float] = Field(None, json_schema_extra={"nskey": "schema"})
     minValue: Optional[float] = Field(None, json_schema_extra={"nskey": "schema"})
     unitText: Optional[str] = Field(None, json_schema_extra={"nskey": "schema"})
-    value: Union[Any, List[Any]] = Field(
+    value: Any = Field(
         None,
         validate_default=True,
         json_schema_extra={"nskey": "schema"},
@@ -634,7 +630,7 @@ class PropertyValue(DandiBaseModel):
 
     @field_validator("value")
     @classmethod
-    def ensure_value(cls, val: Union[Any, List[Any]]) -> Union[Any, List[Any]]:
+    def ensure_value(cls, val: Any) -> Any:
         if not val:
             raise ValueError(
                 "The value field of a PropertyValue cannot be None or empty."
@@ -1275,7 +1271,7 @@ class PublishActivity(Activity):
 
 
 class Locus(DandiBaseModel):
-    identifier: Union[Identifier, List[Identifier]] = Field(
+    identifier: Identifier = Field(
         description="Identifier for genotyping locus.",
         json_schema_extra={"nskey": "schema"},
     )
@@ -1287,7 +1283,7 @@ class Locus(DandiBaseModel):
 
 
 class Allele(DandiBaseModel):
-    identifier: Union[Identifier, List[Identifier]] = Field(
+    identifier: Identifier = Field(
         description="Identifier for genotyping allele.",
         json_schema_extra={"nskey": "schema"},
     )
@@ -1386,7 +1382,7 @@ class Participant(DandiBaseModel):
         "available. (e.g. from OBI)",
         json_schema_extra={"nskey": "dandi"},
     )
-    genotype: Optional[Union[List[GenotypeInfo], Identifier]] = Field(
+    genotype: Optional[Union[GenotypeInfo, Identifier]] = Field(
         None,
         description="Genotype descriptor of participant or subject if available",
         json_schema_extra={"nskey": "dandi"},