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          Data 8 Spring 2017
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    <h2>Resources</h2>

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<h3>Final Review</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/0B-EpbmAwvxXnSEZIR2JPblhabnM">Final review sessions materials</a> will be uploaded in the Google Drive folder after the sessions have been conducted.</li>
<li><a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/stats_final_review.pdf">Comprehensive review</a> of statistical concepts: steps, examples, purpose of topics like hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, correlation, regression, classification, two-sample inference, central limit theorem, Bayes' Rule, and more. Thanks to <a href="mailto:fmcquarrie3@berkeley.edu">Francie McQuarrie</a> for this!</li>
</ul>
<h3>Tutoring Worksheets</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/data-8/tutor/blob/master/README.md">Worksheets from tutoring sections</a> are available for review.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Discussion Video Walkthroughs</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/xLeztd2apJo">Discussion 7 -- Regression</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/NQ1vRBzZZuw">Discussion 8 -- Confidence Intervals and Bootstrap</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Practice Exams</h3>
<p>Midterms:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-sp17-midterm.pdf">Spring 2017 midterm</a>,
  <a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-sp17-midterm-solution.pdf">solution</a>, and
  <a href="https://youtu.be/LPMzXlYf8n8">video walkthrough</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-sp17-practice.pdf">Spring 2017 practice midterm</a>,
  <a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-sp17-practice-solution.pdf">solution</a>, and
  <a href="https://youtu.be/i8dXfBnr1ng">video walkthrough</a>.
  The practice midterm is the Spring 2016 midterm, but modified to only include topics covered in Spring 2017.</li>
<li><a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-fa16-midterm.pdf">Fall 2016 midterm</a> and
  <a href="https://youtu.be/LR8Zfa1JovA">video walkthrough</a>.
  This exam only includes questions on topics covered in Spring 2017.</li>
</ul>
<p>Finals:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-sp17-practice-final.pdf">Spring 2017 practice final</a>,
  <a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-sp17-practice-final-solution.pdf">solution</a>, and
  <a href="https://youtu.be/oaNolUkZTL0">video walkthrough</a>.
  The practice final is the Spring 2016 final, but with modified solutions that use the Spring 2017 version of the <code>datascience</code> module.</li>
<li><a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-fa16-final.pdf">Fall 2016 final</a> and
  <a href="https://youtu.be/YeK-pRlZ5co">video walkthrough</a>.
  All topics were covered in Spring 2017.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Exam Study Guides</h3>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-sp17-midterm-guide.pdf">midterm study guide</a> will be distributed with the midterm exam and the final exam.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://data8.org/data8assets/exam/data8-sp17-final-guide.pdf">final study guide</a> will be distributed with the final exam.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Staff Solutions</h3>
<p>To access the solutions, click on the link below and you will be directed to a Google Drive Folder with all the available solutions.  You need to be signed into your berkeley.edu email account to access the solutions.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="">Lab Solutions (no longer accessible)</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="">Homework Solutions (no longer accessible)</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="">Discussion Solutions (no longer accessible)</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="">Project Solutions (no longer accessible)</a></p>
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</ul>
<p><br /></p>
<h3>Table Functions and Methods</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th align="center">Chapter</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>Table</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Create an empty table, usually to extend with data</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>Table.read_table</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Create a table from a data file</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>with_columns</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of a table with more columns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>column</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Create an array containing the elements of a column</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>num_rows</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Compute the number of rows in a table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>num_columns</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Compute the number of columns in a table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>labels</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Lists the column labels in a table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>select</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of a table with only some of the columns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>drop</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of a table without some of the columns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>relabel</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Modifies the existing table <em>in place</em>, changing the column heading in the first argument to the second</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>relabeled</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/tables.html">5</a></td>
<td>Returns a new table with the column heading in the first argument changed to the second</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>sort</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/1/sorting-rows.html">5.1</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of a table sorted by the values in a column. Defaults to ascending order unless "descending = True" is included</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>where</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/2/selecting-rows.html">5.2</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of a table with only the rows that match some <em>predicate</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>take</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/05/2/selecting-rows.html">5.2</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of the table with only the rows whose indices are in the given array</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>barh</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/06/1/visualizing-categorical-distributions.html">6.1</a></td>
<td>Draws a bar chart of the frequencies of a categorical distribution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>histogram</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/06/2/visualizing-numerical-distributions.html">6.2</a></td>
<td>Draws a histogram of a numerical distribution</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>apply</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/07/1/applying-a-function-to-a-column.html">7.1</a></td>
<td>Returns an array of values resulting from applying a function to some column in a table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>group</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/07/2/classifying-by-one-variable.html">7.2</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of the table with all rows with the same values in a certain column aggregated into one row in the new table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>groups</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/07/3/cross-classifying-by-more-than-one-variable.html">7.3</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of the table with all rows with the same value in a certain array of columns aggregated into one row in the new table</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>pivot</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/07/3/cross-classifying-by-more-than-one-variable.html">7.3</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of the table with a column for each element in the first argument and a row for each element in the second argument and aggregates values</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>join</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/07/4/joining-tables-by-columns.html">7.4</a></td>
<td>Create a copy of the table that is the result of joining the columns of two tables, with a row for each shared value in the two tables</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>sample</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/09/empirical-distributions.html">9</a></td>
<td>Draws some number of rows at random from a table. By default, with replacement.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>proportion_from_distribution</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/10/1/jury-selection.html">10.1</a></td>
<td>Returns a new table with an additional column corresponding to proportions from a random sample of some size of the proportions in a column.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br /></p>
<h3>Array Functions and Methods</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th align="center">Chapter</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>max</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/03/3/call-expressions.html">3.3</a></td>
<td>Returns the maximum value of an array</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>min</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/03/3/call-expressions.html">3.3</a></td>
<td>Returns the minimum value of an array</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>sum</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/03/3/call-expressions.html">3.3</a></td>
<td>Returns the sum of the values in an array</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>len</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/03/3/call-expressions.html">3.3</a></td>
<td>Returns the length (number of elements) of an array</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>make_array</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/04/4/arrays.html">4.4</a></td>
<td>Makes a numpy array with the values passed in</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>np.average</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/04/4/arrays.html">4.4</a></td>
<td>Returns the mean value of an array</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>np.diff</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/04/4/arrays.html">4.4</a></td>
<td>Returns a new array of size len(arr)-1 with elements equal to the difference between adjacent elements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>np.sqrt</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/04/4/arrays.html">4.4</a></td>
<td>Returns an array with the square root of each element</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>np.arange</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/04/5/ranges.html">4.5</a></td>
<td>Returns an array of an end-exclusive range of variable step size</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>arr.item</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/04/6/more-on-arrays.html">4.6</a></td>
<td>Returns the i-th item in an array (remember Python indices start at 0!)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>np.random.choice</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/08/randomness.html">8</a></td>
<td>Picks one (by default) or some number 'n' of items from an array at random. By default, with replacement.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>np.count_nonzero</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/08/randomness.html">8</a></td>
<td>Returns the number of non-zero (or True) elements in an array.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>np.append</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/08/2/iteration.html">8.2</a></td>
<td>Returns a copy of the input array with some item (must be the same type as the other entries in the array) appended to the end.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>percentile</code></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.inferentialthinking.com/chapters/11/1/percentiles.html">11.1</a></td>
<td>Returns the corresponding percentile of an array.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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