v1.14.3

1. Enhancements

Elixir

• [Kernel] Speed up loading of runtime modules in the parallel compiler
• [Range] Optimize range membership implementation

ExUnit

• [ExUnit] Return values from running doctests and make their order consistent

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Calendar] Fix handling of negative years in Calendar.strftime/2
• [Exception] Improve blaming of FunctionClauseError with is_struct/2 guards
• [Kernel] Fix invalid variable scoping in defguard expansion
• [Kernel] Do not warn on captured underscored vars from defmodule
• [Kernel] Do not crash for missing line info on type warnings
• [Macro] Fix Macro.to_string/1 for large negative integers
• [Macro] Properly type and escape expansion of __ENV__ in macros
• [Path] Make sure Path.wildcard/2 expands .. symlinks accordingly
• [Range] Address corner cases in Range.disjoint?/2 implementation

ExUnit

• [ExUnit.DocTest] Remove unnecessary literal quotes from error message on reports

v1.14.2

1. Enhancements

Elixir

• [Code] Add Code.eval_quoted_with_env/4 with support for the :prune_binding option

ExUnit

• [ExUnit.Case] Allow test cases to not be registered on use
• [ExUnit.DocTest] Include :doctest and :doctest_line as meta tags
• [ExUnit.Formatter] Expose ExUnit.Formatter.format_assertion_diff/4

Mix

• [Mix] Mix.install/2 accepts atoms as paths

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Code.Formatter] Fix size*unit shortcut in bitstring
• [Kernel] Generate unique variables for macro expansion of defguard
• [Protocol] Expand :for in protocols with the appropriate env

ExUnit

• [ExUnit] Do not run duplicate cases on ExUnit.run/1

Mix

• [mix test] Ensure proper error message when there is no test directory

v1.14.1

1. Enhancements

Elixir

• [Kernel] Perform partial expansion of literals in module attributes
• [Kernel] Do not add compile-time dependencies for literals as defaults in Application.compile_env/3 inside module attributes
• [Macro] Add Macro.expand_literals/2 and Macro.expand_literals/3
• [System] Add :close_stdin to System.shell/2

Mix

• [mix test] Accept --all-warnings option

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Kernel] Fix misleading warning when :uniq is given in for comprehensions and the result is unused
• [Kernel] Improve error message for when there is a conflicting struct and ignoring module conflict
• [Kernel] Do not delete @enforce_keys attribute after defstruct declaration
• [Kernel] Do not crash the checker on modules with missing :debug_info chunk
• [Macro] Fix error in Macro.to_string/2 when converting an AST with :erlang.binary_to_atom/2
• [String] Fix String.split/3 and String.next_grapheme/1 returning invalid results on invalid UTF-8 encoding
• [System] Do not close stdin by default in System.shell/2
• [URI] Do not return uri.port as :undefined in certain cases in URI.new/1

ExUnit

• [ExUnit.DocTest] Do not crash when both :moduledoc and functions are specified in :only

IEx

• [CLI] Fix invalid argument handling when --no-pry is given

Mix

• [mix format] Do not cache inputs from .formatter.exs so they are properly re-evaluted on every call

v1.14.0

Elixir v1.14 brings many improvements to the debugging experience in Elixir
and data-type inspection. It also includes a new abstraction for easy
partitioning of processes called PartitionSupervisor, as well as improved
compilation times and error messages.

Elixir v1.14 is the last version to support Erlang/OTP 23. Consider updating
to Erlang/OTP 24 or Erlang/OTP 25.

dbg

Kernel.dbg/2 is a new macro that's somewhat similar to IO.inspect/2, but
specifically tailored for debugging.

When called, it prints the value of whatever you pass to it, plus the debugged
code itself as well as its location. This code:

# In my_file.exs
feature = %{name: :dbg, inspiration: "Rust"}
dbg(feature)
dbg(Map.put(feature, :in_version, "1.14.0"))

Prints this:

$ elixir my_file.exs
[my_file.exs:2: (file)]
feature #=> %{inspiration: "Rust", name: :dbg}

[my_file.exs:3: (file)]
Map.put(feature, :in_version, "1.14.0") #=> %{in_version: "1.14.0", inspiration: "Rust", name: :dbg}

dbg/2 can do more. It's a macro, so it understands Elixir code. You can see
that when you pass a series of |> pipes to it. dbg/2 will print the value
for every step of the pipeline. This code:

# In dbg_pipes.exs
__ENV__.file
|> String.split("/", trim: true)
|> List.last()
|> File.exists?()
|> dbg()

Prints this:

$ elixir dbg_pipes.exs
[dbg_pipes.exs:5: (file)]
__ENV__.file #=> "/home/myuser/dbg_pipes.exs"
|> String.split("/", trim: true) #=> ["home", "myuser", "dbg_pipes.exs"]
|> List.last() #=> "dbg_pipes.exs"
|> File.exists?() #=> true

IEx and Prying

dbg/2 supports configurable backends. IEx automatically replaces the default
backend by one that halts the code execution with IEx.Pry, giving developers
the option to access local variables, imports, and more. This also works with
pipelines: if you pass a series of |> pipe calls to dbg (or pipe into it at the
end, like |> dbg()), you'll be able to step through every line in the pipeline.

You can keep the default behaviour by passing the --no-pry option to IEx.

PartitionSupervisor

PartitionSupervisor is a new module that implements a new supervisor type. The
partition supervisor is designed to help with situations where you have a single
supervised process that becomes a bottleneck. If that process's state can be
easily partitioned, then you can use PartitionSupervisor to supervise multiple
isolated copies of that process running concurrently, each assigned its own
partition.

For example, imagine you have an ErrorReporter process that you use to report
errors to a monitoring service.

# Application supervisor:
children = [
  # ...,
  ErrorReporter
]

Supervisor.start_link(children, strategy: :one_for_one)

As the concurrency of your application goes up, the ErrorReporter process
might receive requests from many other processes and eventually become a
bottleneck. In a case like this, it could help to spin up multiple copies of the
ErrorReporter process under a PartitionSupervisor.

# Application supervisor
children = [
  {PartitionSupervisor, child_spec: ErrorReporter, name: Reporters}
]

The PartitionSupervisor will spin up a number of processes equal to
System.schedulers_online() by default (most often one per core). Now, when
routing requests to ErrorReporter processes we can use a :via tuple and
route the requests through the partition supervisor.

partitioning_key = self()
ErrorReporter.report({:via, PartitionSupervisor, {Reporters, partitioning_key}}, error)

Using self() as the partitioning key here means that the same process will
always report errors to the same ErrorReporter process, ensuring a form of
back-pressure. You can use any term as the partitioning key.

A Common Example

A common and practical example of a good use case for PartitionSupervisor is
partitioning something like a DynamicSupervisor. When starting many processes
under it, a dynamic supervisor can be a bottleneck, especially if said processes
take a long time to initialize. Instead of starting a single DynamicSupervisor,
you can start multiple:

children = [
  {PartitionSupervisor, child_spec: DynamicSupervisor, name: MyApp.DynamicSupervisors}
]

Supervisor.start_link(children, strategy: :one_for_one)

Now you start processes on the dynamic supervisor for the right partition.
For instance, you can partition by PID, like in the previous example:

DynamicSupervisor.start_child(
  {:via, PartitionSupervisor, {MyApp.DynamicSupervisors, self()}},
  my_child_specification
)

Improved errors on binaries and evaluation

Erlang/OTP 25 improved errors on binary construction and evaluation. These improvements
apply to Elixir as well. Before v1.14, errors when constructing binaries would
often be hard-to-debug generic "argument errors". With Erlang/OTP 25 and Elixir v1.14,
more detail is provided for easier debugging. This work is part of EEP
54.

Before:

int = 1
bin = "foo"
int <> bin
#=> ** (ArgumentError) argument error

Now:

int = 1
bin = "foo"
int <> bin
#=> ** (ArgumentError) construction of binary failed:
#=>    segment 1 of type 'binary':
#=>    expected a binary but got: 1

Slicing with steps

Elixir v1.12 introduced stepped ranges, which are ranges where you can
specify the "step":

Enum.to_list(1..10//3)
#=> [1, 4, 7, 10]

Stepped ranges are particularly useful for numerical operations involving
vectors and matrices (see Nx, for example).
However, the Elixir standard library was not making use of stepped ranges in its
APIs. Elixir v1.14 starts to take advantage of steps with support for stepped
ranges in a couple of functions. One of them is Enum.slice/2:

letters = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j"]
Enum.slice(letters, 0..5//2)
#=> ["a", "c", "e"]

binary_slice/2 (and binary_slice/3 for completeness) has been added to the
Kernel module, that works with bytes and also support stepped ranges:

binary_slice("Elixir", 1..5//2)
#=> "lxr"

Expression-based inspection and Inspect improvements

In Elixir, it's conventional to implement the Inspect protocol for opaque
structs so that they're inspected with a special notation, resembling this:

MapSet.new([:apple, :banana])
#MapSet<[:apple, :banana]>

This is generally done when the struct content or part of it is private and the
%name{...} representation would reveal fields that are not part of the public
API.

The downside of the #name<...> convention is that the inspected output is not
valid Elixir code. For example, you cannot copy the inspected output and paste
it into an IEx session.

Elixir v1.14 changes the convention for some of the standard-library structs.
The Inspect implementation for those structs now returns a string with a valid
Elixir expression that recreates the struct when evaluated. In the MapSet
example above, this is what we have now:

fruits = MapSet.new([:apple, :banana])
MapSet.put(fruits, :pear)
#=> MapSet.new([:apple, :banana, :pear])

The MapSet.new/1 expression evaluates to exactly the struct that we're
inspecting. This allows us to hide the internals of MapSet, while keeping
it as valid Elixir code. This expression-based inspection has been
implemented for Version.Requirement, MapSet, and Date.Range.

Finally, we have improved the Inspect protocol for structs so that
fields are inspected in the order they are declared in defstruct.
The option :optional has also been added when deriving the Inspect
protocol, giving developers more control over the struct representation.
See the updated documentation for Inspect for a general rundown on
the approaches and options available.

1. Enhancements

EEx

• [EEx] Support multi-line comments to EEx via <%!-- --%>
• [EEx] Add EEx.tokenize/2

Elixir

• [Access] Add Access.slice/1
• [Application] Add Application.compile_env/4 and Application.compile_env!/3 to read the compile-time environment inside macros
• [Calendar] Support ISO8601 basic format parsing with DateTime.from_iso8601/2
• [Calendar] Add day/hour/minute on add/diff across different calendar modules
• [Code] Add :normalize_bitstring_modifiers to Code.format_string!/2
• [Code] Emit deprecation and type warnings for invalid options in on Code.compile_string/2 and Code.compile_quoted/2
• [Code] Warn if an outdated lexical tracker is given on eval
• [Code] Add Code.env_for_eval/1 and Code.eval_quoted_with_env/3
• [Code] Improve stacktraces from eval operations on Erlang/OTP 25+
• [Code.Fragment] Add support for __MODULE__ in several functions
• [Code.Fragment] Support surround and context suggestions across multiple lines
• [Enum] Allow slicing with steps in Enum.slice/2
• [File] Support dereference_symlinks: true in File.cp/3 and File.cp_r/3
• [Float] Do not show floats in scientific notation if below 1.0e16 and the fractional value is precisely zero
• [Float] Add Float.min_finite/0 and Float.max_finite/0
• [Inspect] Improve error reporting when there is a faulty implementation of the Inspect protocol
• [Inspect] Allow :optional when deriving the Inspect protocol for hiding fields that match their default value
• [Inspect] Inspect struct fields in the order they are declared in defstruct
• [Inspect] Use expression-based inspection for Date.Range, MapSet, and Version.Requirement
• [IO] Support Macro.Env and keywords as stacktrace defini...

v1.14.0-rc.1

Release v1.14.0-rc.1

v1.14.0-rc.0

Release v1.14.0-rc.0

v1.13.4

This release has been verified to work with Erlang/OTP 25 RC2.

1. Enhancements

Elixir

• [Code] Allow iodata to be returned in sigil formatting functions
• [Code] Pass opening delimiter information to sigil formatting functions

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Kernel] Tweak type unification to fix infinite loop with recursive vars
• [Kernel] Add compile-time dependencies on require
• [Registry] Make Registry send work with named triplets

3. Deprecations

Mix

• [mix rebar] Deprecate Rebar 2 as it no longer works on Erlang/OTP 25

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v1.13.3

1. Enhancements

Mix

• [mix format] Supply file and line to formatter plugins
• [mix format] Support embedded Elixir expressions inside formatter plugins

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Code] Fix duplicate bindings causing errors during evaluation
• [Kernel] Make sure signatures stored in the Documentation chunk does not contain newlines
• [Kernel] Fix infinite loop when compiling guards with recursive map access
• [Macro] Fix error on Macro.to_string/1 when the plain alias Elixir is given
• [String] Fix error for certain codepoint combinations in String.split_at/2

Mix

• [mix compile] Recompile project files when exports from dependencies change
• [mix test] Fix total coverage always showing in red even when above the threshold

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v1.13.2

1. Enhancements

Mix

• [mix format] Allow plugins to also format .ex and .exs files
• [mix release] Allow bypassing application mode validation in release spec
• [mix test] Print a message when the suite fails due to the coverage threshold

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Code] Do not emit warnings on Code.Fragment.container_cursor_to_quoted/2
• [Kernel] Fix a crash when a for-comprehension with :uniq was used inside another comprehension with :uniq
• [Kernel] Ensure env.context_modules is properly set inside optimized defmodule
• [Keyword] Deprecate the recently added Keyword.map/2 as it is equivalent to Keyword.new/2
• [Map] Deprecate the recently added Map.map/2 as it is equivalent to Map.new/2
• [Protocol] Warn on zero arity callbacks inside protocols

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v1.13.1

1. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Code] Do not show code snippets in SyntaxError and TokenMissingError if line is empty
• [Exception] Do not fail blaming ArgumentError for improper lists on apply/3
• [Macro] Set a max line_length for Macro.to_string/1
• [Macro] Fix formatting of lists on module attributes for Macro.to_string/1
• [String] Fix incorrect codepoint byte counting in slice with negative positions in ranges
• [Task] Ensure async streams can be consumed from another process than the one that creates them
• [URI] Undeprecate URI.parse/1 as URI.new/1 is too strict in many common cases
• [URI] Make sure URI.new/1 returns nil for empty paths

IEx

• [IEx] Make sure the --version flag halts IEx

Mix

• [Mix] Make protocol consolidation part of the Mix.install/2 cache

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