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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e9df38ee2d2c3c5948ea468a8406ff0db0b29ae1ffde1bcf20ef305bcc95c51"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xml5ever"
+version = "0.20.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2278b4bf33071ba8e30368a59436c65eec8e01c49d5c29b3dfeb0cdc45331383"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "mac",
+ "markup5ever",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yansi"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cfe53a6657fd280eaa890a3bc59152892ffa3e30101319d168b781ed6529b049"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke"
+version = "0.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "120e6aef9aa629e3d4f52dc8cc43a015c7724194c97dfaf45180d2daf2b77f40"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+ "yoke-derive",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke-derive"
+version = "0.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2380878cad4ac9aac1e2435f3eb4020e8374b5f13c296cb75b4620ff8e229154"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.7.35"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1b9b4fd18abc82b8136838da5d50bae7bdea537c574d8dc1a34ed098d6c166f0"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.7.35"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fa4f8080344d4671fb4e831a13ad1e68092748387dfc4f55e356242fae12ce3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "50cc42e0333e05660c3587f3bf9d0478688e15d870fab3346451ce7f8c9fbea5"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerofrom-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom-derive"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d71e5d6e06ab090c67b5e44993ec16b72dcbaabc526db883a360057678b48502"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zeroize"
+version = "1.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ced3678a2879b30306d323f4542626697a464a97c0a07c9aebf7ebca65cd4dde"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec"
+version = "0.10.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa2b893d79df23bfb12d5461018d408ea19dfafe76c2c7ef6d4eba614f8ff079"
+dependencies = [
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+ "zerovec-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec-derive"
+version = "0.10.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6eafa6dfb17584ea3e2bd6e76e0cc15ad7af12b09abdd1ca55961bed9b1063c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index cac380bcc..b35022391 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ features = [
     "InputEvent",
     "console",
     "Performance",
+    "Element",
+    "Window",
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 461cdac1e..a3edc8aef 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ Sauron is inspired by elm-lang and is following The Elm Architecture.
 - html syntax for writing views
 - elegant macro to write styles
 - batteries included
+- standalone DOM/VirtualDOM patcher, see examples/patch_dom_node
 
 ### Devoid of unnecessary framework complexities
 - **no** framework specific cli needed
diff --git a/crates/core/src/dom.rs b/crates/core/src/dom.rs
index 882a420cc..2201a67e9 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/dom.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/dom.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,32 @@ mod effects;
 use cfg_if::cfg_if;
 
 cfg_if! {if #[cfg(feature = "with-dom")] {
+    mod application;
+    mod dom_node;
+    mod dom_patch;
+    mod dom_attr;
+    mod http;
+    mod program;
+    mod raf;
+    mod ric;
+    mod window;
+    mod document;
+    mod time;
+    mod timeout;
+
+    pub mod events;
+    pub mod dispatch;
+    pub mod util;
+
     pub use application::{Application, Measurements, SkipDiff, skip_if, skip_diff, SkipPath};
     pub use component::{stateful_component, StatefulComponent, StatefulModel, StatelessModel};
     pub use component::component;
-    pub use dom_patch::{DomPatch, PatchVariant};
+    pub use dispatch::Dispatch;
+    pub use document::Document;
+    pub use dom_patch::{DomPatch, PatchVariant, apply_dom_patches, convert_patches};
     pub use dom_attr::{DomAttr, DomAttrValue, GroupedDomAttrValues};
+    pub use dom_node::DomNode;
+    pub use dom_node::create_dom_node;
     pub use http::Http;
     pub use program::{MountAction, MountTarget, Program, MountProcedure};
     pub use util::{
@@ -26,29 +47,10 @@ cfg_if! {if #[cfg(feature = "with-dom")] {
     pub use raf::{request_animation_frame, AnimationFrameHandle};
     pub use ric::{request_idle_callback, IdleCallbackHandle, IdleDeadline};
     pub use timeout::{delay, request_timeout_callback, TimeoutCallbackHandle};
-    pub use dispatch::Dispatch;
-    use crate::dom::events::MountEvent;
     pub use window::Window;
-    pub use dom_node::DomNode;
-    pub use document::Document;
     pub use time::Time;
 
-    mod application;
-    pub mod dispatch;
-    mod dom_node;
-    mod dom_patch;
-    mod dom_attr;
-    pub mod events;
-    mod http;
-    mod program;
-    pub mod util;
-    mod raf;
-    mod ric;
-    mod window;
-    mod document;
-    mod time;
-    mod timeout;
-
+    use crate::dom::events::MountEvent;
 
     /// Map the Event to DomEvent, which are browser events
     #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
diff --git a/crates/core/src/dom/dom_node.rs b/crates/core/src/dom/dom_node.rs
index 1fc903961..777bacdc7 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/dom/dom_node.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/dom/dom_node.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,23 @@
-use crate::dom::component::StatelessModel;
-use crate::dom::DomAttr;
-use crate::dom::GroupedDomAttrValues;
-use crate::dom::StatefulComponent;
-use crate::dom::StatefulModel;
-use crate::html::lookup;
-use crate::vdom::TreePath;
-use crate::{
-    dom::document,
-    dom::events::MountEvent,
-    dom::{Application, Program},
-    vdom,
-    vdom::{Attribute, Leaf},
+use std::{
+    borrow::Cow,
+    cell::{Ref, RefCell},
+    fmt,
+    rc::Rc,
 };
+
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-use std::cell::Ref;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use wasm_bindgen::{closure::Closure, JsCast, JsValue};
 use web_sys::{self, Node};
 
+use crate::{
+    dom::{
+        component::StatelessModel, document, dom_patch, events::MountEvent, Application, DomAttr,
+        GroupedDomAttrValues, Program, StatefulComponent, StatefulModel,
+    },
+    html::lookup,
+    vdom::{self, Attribute, Leaf, TreePath},
+};
+
 pub(crate) type EventClosure = Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)>;
 pub type NamedEventClosures = IndexMap<&'static str, EventClosure>;
 
@@ -33,6 +30,7 @@ pub type NamedEventClosures = IndexMap<&'static str, EventClosure>;
 pub struct DomNode {
     pub(crate) inner: DomInner,
 }
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum DomInner {
     /// a reference to an element node
@@ -648,149 +646,133 @@ where
 {
     /// Create a dom node
     pub fn create_dom_node(&self, node: &vdom::Node<APP::MSG>) -> DomNode {
-        match node {
-            vdom::Node::Element(elm) => self.create_element_node(elm),
-            vdom::Node::Leaf(leaf) => self.create_leaf_node(leaf),
-        }
+        let ev_callback = self.create_ev_callback();
+        create_dom_node(node, ev_callback)
     }
 
-    fn create_element_node(&self, elm: &vdom::Element<APP::MSG>) -> DomNode {
-        let document = document();
-        let element = if let Some(namespace) = elm.namespace() {
-            document
-                .create_element_ns(Some(intern(namespace)), intern(elm.tag()))
-                .expect("Unable to create element")
-        } else {
-            document
-                .create_element(intern(elm.tag()))
-                .expect("create element")
+    pub(crate) fn create_ev_callback(&self) -> impl Fn(APP::MSG) + Clone {
+        let program = self.downgrade();
+        let ev_callback = move |msg| {
+            let mut program = program.upgrade().expect("must upgrade");
+            program.dispatch(msg);
         };
-        // TODO: dispatch the mount event recursively after the dom node is mounted into
-        // the root node
-        let attrs = Attribute::merge_attributes_of_same_name(elm.attributes().iter());
-
-        let dom_node = DomNode {
-            inner: DomInner::Element {
-                element,
-                listeners: Rc::new(RefCell::new(None)),
-                children: Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![])),
-                has_mount_callback: elm.has_mount_callback(),
-            },
-        };
-        let dom_attrs = attrs.iter().map(|a| self.convert_attr(a));
-        dom_node.set_dom_attrs(dom_attrs).expect("set dom attrs");
-        let children: Vec<DomNode> = elm
-            .children()
-            .iter()
-            .map(|child| self.create_dom_node(child))
-            .collect();
-        dom_node.append_children(children);
-        dom_node
-    }
-
-    fn create_leaf_node(&self, leaf: &vdom::Leaf<APP::MSG>) -> DomNode {
-        match leaf {
-            Leaf::Text(txt) => DomNode {
-                inner: DomInner::Text(document().create_text_node(txt)),
-            },
-            Leaf::Symbol(symbol) => DomNode {
-                inner: DomInner::Symbol(symbol.clone()),
-            },
-            Leaf::Comment(comment) => DomNode {
-                inner: DomInner::Comment(document().create_comment(comment)),
-            },
-            Leaf::Fragment(nodes) => self.create_fragment_node(nodes),
-            // NodeList that goes here is only possible when it is the root_node,
-            // since node_list as children will be unrolled into as child_elements of the parent
-            // We need to wrap this node_list into doc_fragment since root_node is only 1 element
-            Leaf::NodeList(nodes) => self.create_fragment_node(nodes),
-            Leaf::StatefulComponent(comp) => {
-                //TODO: also put the children and attributes here
-                DomNode {
-                    inner: DomInner::StatefulComponent {
-                        comp: Rc::clone(&comp.comp),
-                        dom_node: Rc::new(self.create_stateful_component(comp)),
-                    },
-                }
-            }
-            Leaf::StatelessComponent(comp) => self.create_stateless_component(comp),
-            Leaf::TemplatedView(view) => {
-                unreachable!("template view should not be created: {:#?}", view)
-            }
-            Leaf::DocType(_) => unreachable!("doc type is never converted"),
-        }
+        ev_callback
     }
+}
 
-    fn create_fragment_node<'a>(
-        &self,
-        nodes: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a vdom::Node<APP::MSG>>,
-    ) -> DomNode {
-        let fragment = document().create_document_fragment();
-        let dom_node = DomNode {
-            inner: DomInner::Fragment {
-                fragment,
-                children: Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![])),
-            },
-        };
-        let children = nodes
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|node| self.create_dom_node(node))
-            .collect();
-        dom_node.append_children(children);
-        dom_node
+/// Create a dom node
+pub fn create_dom_node<Msg, F>(node: &vdom::Node<Msg>, ev_callback: F) -> DomNode
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    match node {
+        vdom::Node::Element(elm) => create_element_node(elm, ev_callback),
+        vdom::Node::Leaf(leaf) => create_leaf_node(leaf, ev_callback),
     }
 }
 
-/// A node along with all of the closures that were created for that
-/// node's events and all of it's child node's events.
-impl<APP> Program<APP>
+fn create_element_node<Msg, F>(elm: &vdom::Element<Msg>, ev_callback: F) -> DomNode
 where
-    APP: Application,
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
 {
-    /// TODO: register the template if not yet
-    /// pass a program to leaf component and mount itself and its view to the program
-    /// There are 2 types of children components of Stateful Component
-    /// - Internal children
-    /// - External children
-    /// Internal children is managed by the Stateful Component
-    /// while external children are managed by the top level program.
-    /// The external children can be diffed, and send the patches to the StatefulComponent
-    ///   - The TreePath of the children starts at the external children location
-    /// The attributes affects the Stateful component state.
-    /// The attributes can be diff and send the patches to the StatefulComponent
-    ///  - Changes to the attributes will call on attribute_changed of the StatefulComponent
-    fn create_stateful_component(&self, comp: &StatefulModel<APP::MSG>) -> DomNode {
-        let comp_node = self.create_dom_node(&crate::html::div(
-            [crate::html::attributes::class("component")]
-                .into_iter()
-                .chain(comp.attrs.clone()),
-            [],
-        ));
+    let document = document();
+    let element = if let Some(namespace) = elm.namespace() {
+        document
+            .create_element_ns(Some(intern(namespace)), intern(elm.tag()))
+            .expect("Unable to create element")
+    } else {
+        document
+            .create_element(intern(elm.tag()))
+            .expect("create element")
+    };
+    // TODO: dispatch the mount event recursively after the dom node is mounted into
+    // the root node
+    let attrs = Attribute::merge_attributes_of_same_name(elm.attributes().iter());
+
+    let dom_node = DomNode {
+        inner: DomInner::Element {
+            element,
+            listeners: Rc::new(RefCell::new(None)),
+            children: Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![])),
+            has_mount_callback: elm.has_mount_callback(),
+        },
+    };
+    let dom_attrs = attrs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|a| dom_patch::convert_attr(a, ev_callback.clone()));
+    dom_node.set_dom_attrs(dom_attrs).expect("set dom attrs");
+    let children: Vec<DomNode> = elm
+        .children()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|child| create_dom_node(child, ev_callback.clone()))
+        .collect();
+    dom_node.append_children(children);
+    dom_node
+}
 
-        let dom_attrs: Vec<DomAttr> = comp.attrs.iter().map(|a| self.convert_attr(a)).collect();
-        for dom_attr in dom_attrs.into_iter() {
-            log::info!("calling attribute changed..");
-            comp.comp.borrow_mut().attribute_changed(dom_attr);
+fn create_leaf_node<Msg, F>(leaf: &vdom::Leaf<Msg>, ev_callback: F) -> DomNode
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    match leaf {
+        Leaf::Text(txt) => DomNode {
+            inner: DomInner::Text(document().create_text_node(txt)),
+        },
+        Leaf::Symbol(symbol) => DomNode {
+            inner: DomInner::Symbol(symbol.clone()),
+        },
+        Leaf::Comment(comment) => DomNode {
+            inner: DomInner::Comment(document().create_comment(comment)),
+        },
+        Leaf::Fragment(nodes) => create_fragment_node(nodes, ev_callback),
+
+        // NodeList that goes here is only possible when it is the root_node,
+        // since node_list as children will be unrolled into as child_elements of the parent
+        // We need to wrap this node_list into doc_fragment since root_node is only 1 element
+        Leaf::NodeList(nodes) => create_fragment_node(nodes, ev_callback),
+
+        Leaf::StatefulComponent(comp) => {
+            //TODO: also put the children and attributes here
+            DomNode {
+                inner: DomInner::StatefulComponent {
+                    comp: Rc::clone(&comp.comp),
+                    dom_node: Rc::new(create_stateful_component(comp, ev_callback)),
+                },
+            }
         }
+        Leaf::StatelessComponent(comp) => create_stateless_component(comp, ev_callback),
 
-        // the component children is manually appended to the StatefulComponent
-        // here to allow the conversion of dom nodes with its event
-        // listener and removing the generics msg
-        let created_children = comp
-            .children
-            .iter()
-            .map(|child| self.create_dom_node(child))
-            .collect();
-        comp.comp.borrow_mut().append_children(created_children);
-        comp_node
+        Leaf::TemplatedView(view) => {
+            unreachable!("template view should not be created: {:#?}", view)
+        }
+        Leaf::DocType(_) => unreachable!("doc type is never converted"),
     }
+}
 
-    #[allow(unused)]
-    pub(crate) fn create_stateless_component(&self, comp: &StatelessModel<APP::MSG>) -> DomNode {
-        let comp_view = &comp.view;
-        let real_comp_view = comp_view.unwrap_template_ref();
-        self.create_dom_node(real_comp_view)
-    }
+fn create_fragment_node<'a, Msg, F>(
+    nodes: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a vdom::Node<Msg>>,
+    ev_callback: F,
+) -> DomNode
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    let fragment = document().create_document_fragment();
+    let dom_node = DomNode {
+        inner: DomInner::Fragment {
+            fragment,
+            children: Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![])),
+        },
+    };
+    let children = nodes
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|node| create_dom_node(node, ev_callback.clone()))
+        .collect();
+    dom_node.append_children(children);
+    dom_node
 }
 
 /// render the underlying real dom node into string
@@ -845,3 +827,67 @@ pub fn render_real_dom(node: &web_sys::Node, buffer: &mut dyn fmt::Write) -> fmt
         _ => todo!("for other else"),
     }
 }
+
+#[allow(unused)]
+pub(crate) fn create_stateless_component<Msg, F>(
+    comp: &StatelessModel<Msg>,
+    ev_callback: F,
+) -> DomNode
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    let comp_view = &comp.view;
+    let real_comp_view = comp_view.unwrap_template_ref();
+    create_dom_node(real_comp_view, ev_callback)
+}
+
+/// TODO: register the template if not yet
+/// pass a program to leaf component and mount itself and its view to the program
+/// There are 2 types of children components of Stateful Component
+/// - Internal children
+/// - External children
+/// Internal children is managed by the Stateful Component
+/// while external children are managed by the top level program.
+/// The external children can be diffed, and send the patches to the StatefulComponent
+///   - The TreePath of the children starts at the external children location
+/// The attributes affects the Stateful component state.
+/// The attributes can be diff and send the patches to the StatefulComponent
+///  - Changes to the attributes will call on attribute_changed of the StatefulComponent
+fn create_stateful_component<Msg, F>(comp: &StatefulModel<Msg>, ev_callback: F) -> DomNode
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    let comp_node = create_dom_node(
+        &crate::html::div(
+            [crate::html::attributes::class("component")]
+                .into_iter()
+                .chain(comp.attrs.clone()),
+            [],
+        ),
+        ev_callback.clone(),
+    );
+
+    let dom_attrs: Vec<DomAttr> = comp
+        .attrs
+        .iter()
+        .map(|a| dom_patch::convert_attr(a, ev_callback.clone()))
+        .collect();
+
+    for dom_attr in dom_attrs.into_iter() {
+        log::info!("calling attribute changed..");
+        comp.comp.borrow_mut().attribute_changed(dom_attr);
+    }
+
+    // the component children is manually appended to the StatefulComponent
+    // here to allow the conversion of dom nodes with its event
+    // listener and removing the generics msg
+    let created_children = comp
+        .children
+        .iter()
+        .map(|child| create_dom_node(child, ev_callback.clone()))
+        .collect();
+    comp.comp.borrow_mut().append_children(created_children);
+    comp_node
+}
diff --git a/crates/core/src/dom/dom_patch.rs b/crates/core/src/dom/dom_patch.rs
index 94f05032a..61b1cd30e 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/dom/dom_patch.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/dom/dom_patch.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
-use crate::dom;
-use crate::dom::dom_node;
-use crate::dom::dom_node::DomInner;
-use crate::dom::DomAttr;
-use crate::dom::DomAttrValue;
-use crate::dom::DomNode;
-use crate::dom::{Application, Program};
-use crate::vdom::ComponentEventCallback;
-use crate::vdom::EventCallback;
-use crate::vdom::TreePath;
-use crate::vdom::{Attribute, AttributeValue, Patch, PatchType};
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use wasm_bindgen::closure::Closure;
 use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
 
+use crate::{
+    dom::{
+        self, dom_node, dom_node::DomInner, Application, DomAttr, DomAttrValue, DomNode, Program,
+    },
+    vdom::{
+        Attribute, AttributeValue, ComponentEventCallback, EventCallback, Patch, PatchType,
+        TreePath,
+    },
+};
+
 /// a Patch where the virtual nodes are all created in the document.
 /// This is necessary since the created Node  doesn't contain references
 /// as opposed to Patch which contains reference to the vdom, which makes it hard
@@ -146,97 +147,15 @@ impl<APP> Program<APP>
 where
     APP: Application + 'static,
 {
-    pub(crate) fn convert_attr(&self, attr: &Attribute<APP::MSG>) -> DomAttr {
-        DomAttr {
-            namespace: attr.namespace,
-            name: attr.name,
-            value: attr
-                .value
-                .iter()
-                .filter_map(|v| self.convert_attr_value(v))
-                .collect(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn convert_attr_value(&self, attr_value: &AttributeValue<APP::MSG>) -> Option<DomAttrValue> {
-        match attr_value {
-            AttributeValue::Simple(v) => Some(DomAttrValue::Simple(v.clone())),
-            AttributeValue::Style(v) => Some(DomAttrValue::Style(v.clone())),
-            AttributeValue::EventListener(v) => {
-                Some(DomAttrValue::EventListener(self.convert_event_listener(v)))
-            }
-            AttributeValue::ComponentEventListener(v) => Some(DomAttrValue::EventListener(
-                self.convert_component_event_listener(v),
-            )),
-            AttributeValue::Empty => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn convert_event_listener(
-        &self,
-        event_listener: &EventCallback<APP::MSG>,
-    ) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)> {
-        let program = self.downgrade();
-        let event_listener = event_listener.clone();
-        let closure: Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)> =
-            Closure::new(move |event: web_sys::Event| {
-                let msg = event_listener.emit(dom::Event::from(event));
-                let mut program = program.upgrade().expect("must upgrade");
-                program.dispatch(msg);
-            });
-        closure
-    }
-
-    fn convert_component_event_listener(
-        &self,
-        component_callback: &ComponentEventCallback,
-    ) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)> {
-        let component_callback = component_callback.clone();
-        let closure: Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)> =
-            Closure::new(move |event: web_sys::Event| {
-                component_callback.emit(dom::Event::from(event));
-            });
-        closure
-    }
     /// get the real DOM target node and make a DomPatch object for each of the Patch
     pub(crate) fn convert_patches(
         &self,
         target_node: &DomNode,
         patches: &[Patch<APP::MSG>],
     ) -> Result<Vec<DomPatch>, JsValue> {
-        let nodes_to_find: Vec<(&TreePath, Option<&&'static str>)> = patches
-            .iter()
-            .map(|patch| (patch.path(), patch.tag()))
-            .chain(
-                patches
-                    .iter()
-                    .flat_map(|patch| patch.node_paths())
-                    .map(|path| (path, None)),
-            )
-            .collect();
-
-        let nodes_lookup = target_node.find_all_nodes(&nodes_to_find);
-
-        let dom_patches:Vec<DomPatch> = patches.iter().map(|patch|{
-            let patch_path = patch.path();
-            let patch_tag = patch.tag();
-            if let Some((target_node, target_parent)) = nodes_lookup.get(patch_path) {
-                let target_tag = target_node.tag();
-                if let (Some(patch_tag), Some(target_tag)) = (patch_tag, target_tag) {
-                    if **patch_tag != target_tag{
-                        panic!(
-                            "expecting a tag: {patch_tag:?}, but found: {target_tag:?}"
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-                self.convert_patch(&nodes_lookup, target_node, target_parent, patch)
-            } else {
-                unreachable!("Getting here means we didn't find the element of next node that we are supposed to patch, patch_path: {:?}, with tag: {:?}", patch_path, patch_tag);
-            }
-        }).collect();
-
-        Ok(dom_patches)
+        convert_patches(target_node, patches, self.create_ev_callback())
     }
+
     /// convert a virtual DOM Patch into a created DOM node Patch
     pub fn convert_patch(
         &self,
@@ -245,244 +164,382 @@ where
         target_parent: &DomNode,
         patch: &Patch<APP::MSG>,
     ) -> DomPatch {
-        let target_element = target_element.clone();
-        let target_parent = target_parent.clone();
-        let Patch {
-            patch_path,
-            patch_type,
-            ..
-        } = patch;
+        convert_patch(
+            nodes_lookup,
+            target_element,
+            target_parent,
+            patch,
+            self.create_ev_callback(),
+        )
+    }
+}
 
-        let patch_path = patch_path.clone();
+/// get the real DOM target node and make a DomPatch object for each of the Patch
+pub fn convert_patches<Msg, F>(
+    target_node: &DomNode,
+    patches: &[Patch<Msg>],
+    ev_callback: F,
+) -> Result<Vec<DomPatch>, JsValue>
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    let nodes_to_find: Vec<(&TreePath, Option<&&'static str>)> = patches
+        .iter()
+        .map(|patch| (patch.path(), patch.tag()))
+        .chain(
+            patches
+                .iter()
+                .flat_map(|patch| patch.node_paths())
+                .map(|path| (path, None)),
+        )
+        .collect();
 
-        match patch_type {
-            PatchType::InsertBeforeNode { nodes } => {
-                let nodes = nodes
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|for_insert| self.create_dom_node(for_insert))
-                    .collect();
-                DomPatch {
-                    patch_path,
-                    target_element,
-                    target_parent,
-                    patch_variant: PatchVariant::InsertBeforeNode { nodes },
-                }
-            }
-            PatchType::InsertAfterNode { nodes } => {
-                let nodes = nodes
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|for_insert| self.create_dom_node(for_insert))
-                    .collect();
-                DomPatch {
-                    patch_path,
-                    target_element,
-                    target_parent,
-                    patch_variant: PatchVariant::InsertAfterNode { nodes },
+    let nodes_lookup = target_node.find_all_nodes(&nodes_to_find);
+
+    let dom_patches:Vec<DomPatch> = patches.iter().map(|patch|{
+        let patch_path = patch.path();
+        let patch_tag = patch.tag();
+        if let Some((target_node, target_parent)) = nodes_lookup.get(patch_path) {
+            let target_tag = target_node.tag();
+            if let (Some(patch_tag), Some(target_tag)) = (patch_tag, target_tag) {
+                if **patch_tag != target_tag{
+                    panic!(
+                        "expecting a tag: {patch_tag:?}, but found: {target_tag:?}"
+                    );
                 }
             }
+            convert_patch(&nodes_lookup, target_node, target_parent, patch, ev_callback.clone())
+        } else {
+            unreachable!("Getting here means we didn't find the element of next node that we are supposed to patch, patch_path: {:?}, with tag: {:?}", patch_path, patch_tag);
+        }
+    }).collect();
 
-            PatchType::AddAttributes { attrs } => {
-                // we merge the attributes here prior to conversion
-                let attrs = Attribute::merge_attributes_of_same_name(attrs.iter().copied());
-                DomPatch {
-                    patch_path,
-                    target_element,
-                    target_parent,
-                    patch_variant: PatchVariant::AddAttributes {
-                        attrs: attrs.iter().map(|a| self.convert_attr(a)).collect(),
-                    },
-                }
+    Ok(dom_patches)
+}
+
+/// convert a virtual DOM Patch into a created DOM node Patch
+pub fn convert_patch<Msg, F>(
+    nodes_lookup: &IndexMap<TreePath, (DomNode, DomNode)>,
+    target_element: &DomNode,
+    target_parent: &DomNode,
+    patch: &Patch<Msg>,
+    ev_callback: F,
+) -> DomPatch
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    let target_element = target_element.clone();
+    let target_parent = target_parent.clone();
+    let Patch {
+        patch_path,
+        patch_type,
+        ..
+    } = patch;
+
+    let patch_path = patch_path.clone();
+
+    match patch_type {
+        PatchType::InsertBeforeNode { nodes } => {
+            let nodes = nodes
+                .iter()
+                .map(|for_insert| dom::create_dom_node(for_insert, ev_callback.clone()))
+                .collect();
+            DomPatch {
+                patch_path,
+                target_element,
+                target_parent,
+                patch_variant: PatchVariant::InsertBeforeNode { nodes },
             }
-            PatchType::RemoveAttributes { attrs } => DomPatch {
+        }
+        PatchType::InsertAfterNode { nodes } => {
+            let nodes = nodes
+                .iter()
+                .map(|for_insert| dom::create_dom_node(for_insert, ev_callback.clone()))
+                .collect();
+            DomPatch {
                 patch_path,
                 target_element,
                 target_parent,
-                patch_variant: PatchVariant::RemoveAttributes {
-                    attrs: attrs.iter().map(|a| self.convert_attr(a)).collect(),
+                patch_variant: PatchVariant::InsertAfterNode { nodes },
+            }
+        }
+
+        PatchType::AddAttributes { attrs } => {
+            // we merge the attributes here prior to conversion
+            let attrs = Attribute::merge_attributes_of_same_name(attrs.iter().copied());
+            DomPatch {
+                patch_path,
+                target_element,
+                target_parent,
+                patch_variant: PatchVariant::AddAttributes {
+                    attrs: attrs
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|a| convert_attr(a, ev_callback.clone()))
+                        .collect(),
                 },
+            }
+        }
+        PatchType::RemoveAttributes { attrs } => DomPatch {
+            patch_path,
+            target_element,
+            target_parent,
+            patch_variant: PatchVariant::RemoveAttributes {
+                attrs: attrs
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|a| convert_attr(a, ev_callback.clone()))
+                    .collect(),
             },
+        },
 
-            PatchType::ReplaceNode { replacement } => {
-                let replacement = replacement
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|node| self.create_dom_node(node))
-                    .collect();
-                DomPatch {
-                    patch_path,
-                    target_element,
-                    target_parent,
-                    patch_variant: PatchVariant::ReplaceNode { replacement },
-                }
-            }
-            PatchType::RemoveNode => DomPatch {
+        PatchType::ReplaceNode { replacement } => {
+            let replacement = replacement
+                .iter()
+                .map(|node| dom::create_dom_node(node, ev_callback.clone()))
+                .collect();
+            DomPatch {
                 patch_path,
                 target_element,
                 target_parent,
-                patch_variant: PatchVariant::RemoveNode,
-            },
-            PatchType::ClearChildren => DomPatch {
+                patch_variant: PatchVariant::ReplaceNode { replacement },
+            }
+        }
+        PatchType::RemoveNode => DomPatch {
+            patch_path,
+            target_element,
+            target_parent,
+            patch_variant: PatchVariant::RemoveNode,
+        },
+        PatchType::ClearChildren => DomPatch {
+            patch_path,
+            target_element,
+            target_parent,
+            patch_variant: PatchVariant::ClearChildren,
+        },
+        PatchType::MoveBeforeNode { nodes_path } => {
+            let for_moving = nodes_path
+                .iter()
+                .map(|path| {
+                    let (node, _) = nodes_lookup.get(path).expect("must have found the node");
+                    node.clone()
+                })
+                .collect();
+            DomPatch {
                 patch_path,
                 target_element,
                 target_parent,
-                patch_variant: PatchVariant::ClearChildren,
-            },
-            PatchType::MoveBeforeNode { nodes_path } => {
-                let for_moving = nodes_path
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|path| {
-                        let (node, _) = nodes_lookup.get(path).expect("must have found the node");
-                        node.clone()
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                DomPatch {
-                    patch_path,
-                    target_element,
-                    target_parent,
-                    patch_variant: PatchVariant::MoveBeforeNode { for_moving },
-                }
+                patch_variant: PatchVariant::MoveBeforeNode { for_moving },
             }
-            PatchType::MoveAfterNode { nodes_path } => {
-                let for_moving = nodes_path
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|path| {
-                        let (node, _) = nodes_lookup.get(path).expect("must have found the node");
-                        node.clone()
-                    })
-                    .collect();
-                DomPatch {
-                    patch_path,
-                    target_element,
-                    target_parent,
-                    patch_variant: PatchVariant::MoveAfterNode { for_moving },
-                }
+        }
+        PatchType::MoveAfterNode { nodes_path } => {
+            let for_moving = nodes_path
+                .iter()
+                .map(|path| {
+                    let (node, _) = nodes_lookup.get(path).expect("must have found the node");
+                    node.clone()
+                })
+                .collect();
+            DomPatch {
+                patch_path,
+                target_element,
+                target_parent,
+                patch_variant: PatchVariant::MoveAfterNode { for_moving },
             }
-            PatchType::AppendChildren { children } => {
-                let children = children
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|for_insert| self.create_dom_node(for_insert))
-                    .collect();
+        }
+        PatchType::AppendChildren { children } => {
+            let children = children
+                .iter()
+                .map(|for_insert| dom::create_dom_node(for_insert, ev_callback.clone()))
+                .collect();
 
-                DomPatch {
-                    patch_path,
-                    target_element,
-                    target_parent,
-                    patch_variant: PatchVariant::AppendChildren { children },
-                }
+            DomPatch {
+                patch_path,
+                target_element,
+                target_parent,
+                patch_variant: PatchVariant::AppendChildren { children },
             }
         }
     }
+}
 
-    /// TODO: this should not have access to root_node, so it can generically
-    /// apply patch to any dom node
-    pub(crate) fn apply_dom_patches(
-        &self,
-        dom_patches: impl IntoIterator<Item = DomPatch>,
-    ) -> Result<(), JsValue> {
-        for dom_patch in dom_patches {
-            self.apply_dom_patch(dom_patch)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
+pub(crate) fn convert_attr<Msg, F>(attr: &Attribute<Msg>, ev_callback: F) -> DomAttr
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    DomAttr {
+        namespace: attr.namespace,
+        name: attr.name,
+        value: attr
+            .value
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|v| convert_attr_value(v, ev_callback.clone()))
+            .collect(),
     }
+}
 
-    /// apply a dom patch to this root node,
-    /// return a new root_node if it would replace the original root_node
-    /// TODO: this should have no access to root_node, so it can be used in general sense
-    pub(crate) fn apply_dom_patch(&self, dom_patch: DomPatch) -> Result<(), JsValue> {
-        let DomPatch {
-            patch_path,
-            target_element,
-            target_parent,
-            patch_variant,
-        } = dom_patch;
+fn convert_attr_value<Msg, F>(
+    attr_value: &AttributeValue<Msg>,
+    ev_callback: F,
+) -> Option<DomAttrValue>
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static,
+{
+    match attr_value {
+        AttributeValue::Simple(v) => Some(DomAttrValue::Simple(v.clone())),
+        AttributeValue::Style(v) => Some(DomAttrValue::Style(v.clone())),
+        AttributeValue::EventListener(v) => Some(DomAttrValue::EventListener(
+            convert_event_listener(v, ev_callback),
+        )),
+        AttributeValue::ComponentEventListener(v) => Some(DomAttrValue::EventListener(
+            convert_component_event_listener(v),
+        )),
+        AttributeValue::Empty => None,
+    }
+}
 
-        match patch_variant {
-            PatchVariant::InsertBeforeNode { nodes } => {
-                target_parent.insert_before(&target_element, nodes);
-            }
+fn convert_event_listener<F, Msg>(
+    event_listener: &EventCallback<Msg>,
+    callback: F,
+) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)>
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static,
+{
+    let event_listener = event_listener.clone();
+    let closure: Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)> = Closure::new(move |event: web_sys::Event| {
+        let msg = event_listener.emit(dom::Event::from(event));
+        callback(msg);
+    });
+    closure
+}
 
-            PatchVariant::InsertAfterNode { nodes } => {
-                target_parent.insert_after(&target_element, nodes);
-            }
-            PatchVariant::AppendChildren { children } => {
-                target_element.append_children(children);
-            }
+/// TODO: this should not have access to root_node, so it can generically
+/// apply patch to any dom node
+pub fn apply_dom_patches(
+    root_node: Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>>,
+    mount_node: Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>>,
+    dom_patches: impl IntoIterator<Item = DomPatch>,
+) -> Result<(), JsValue> {
+    for dom_patch in dom_patches {
+        apply_dom_patch(Rc::clone(&root_node), Rc::clone(&mount_node), dom_patch)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
 
-            PatchVariant::AddAttributes { attrs } => {
-                target_element.set_dom_attrs(attrs).unwrap();
-            }
-            PatchVariant::RemoveAttributes { attrs } => {
-                for attr in attrs.iter() {
-                    for att_value in attr.value.iter() {
-                        match att_value {
-                            DomAttrValue::Simple(_) => {
-                                target_element.remove_dom_attr(attr)?;
-                            }
-                            // it is an event listener
-                            DomAttrValue::EventListener(_) => {
-                                let DomInner::Element { listeners, .. } = &target_element.inner
-                                else {
-                                    unreachable!("must be an element");
-                                };
-                                if let Some(listener) = listeners.borrow_mut().as_mut() {
-                                    listener.retain(|event, _| *event != attr.name)
-                                }
-                            }
-                            DomAttrValue::Style(_) => {
-                                target_element.remove_dom_attr(attr)?;
+/// apply a dom patch to this root node,
+/// return a new root_node if it would replace the original root_node
+/// TODO: this should have no access to root_node, so it can be used in general sense
+pub(crate) fn apply_dom_patch(
+    root_node: Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>>,
+    mount_node: Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>>,
+    dom_patch: DomPatch,
+) -> Result<(), JsValue> {
+    let DomPatch {
+        patch_path,
+        target_element,
+        target_parent,
+        patch_variant,
+    } = dom_patch;
+
+    match patch_variant {
+        PatchVariant::InsertBeforeNode { nodes } => {
+            target_parent.insert_before(&target_element, nodes);
+        }
+
+        PatchVariant::InsertAfterNode { nodes } => {
+            target_parent.insert_after(&target_element, nodes);
+        }
+        PatchVariant::AppendChildren { children } => {
+            target_element.append_children(children);
+        }
+
+        PatchVariant::AddAttributes { attrs } => {
+            target_element.set_dom_attrs(attrs).unwrap();
+        }
+        PatchVariant::RemoveAttributes { attrs } => {
+            for attr in attrs.iter() {
+                for att_value in attr.value.iter() {
+                    match att_value {
+                        DomAttrValue::Simple(_) => {
+                            target_element.remove_dom_attr(attr)?;
+                        }
+                        // it is an event listener
+                        DomAttrValue::EventListener(_) => {
+                            let DomInner::Element { listeners, .. } = &target_element.inner else {
+                                unreachable!("must be an element");
+                            };
+                            if let Some(listener) = listeners.borrow_mut().as_mut() {
+                                listener.retain(|event, _| *event != attr.name)
                             }
-                            DomAttrValue::Empty => (),
                         }
+                        DomAttrValue::Style(_) => {
+                            target_element.remove_dom_attr(attr)?;
+                        }
+                        DomAttrValue::Empty => (),
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
 
-            // This also removes the associated closures and event listeners to the node being replaced
-            // including the associated closures of the descendant of replaced node
-            // before it is actully replaced in the DOM
-            // TODO: make root node a Vec
-            PatchVariant::ReplaceNode { mut replacement } => {
-                let first_node = replacement.remove(0);
+        // This also removes the associated closures and event listeners to the node being replaced
+        // including the associated closures of the descendant of replaced node
+        // before it is actully replaced in the DOM
+        // TODO: make root node a Vec
+        PatchVariant::ReplaceNode { mut replacement } => {
+            let first_node = replacement.remove(0);
 
-                if target_element.is_fragment() {
-                    assert!(
-                        patch_path.is_empty(),
-                        "this should only happen to root node"
-                    );
-                    let mut mount_node = self.mount_node.borrow_mut();
+            if target_element.is_fragment() {
+                assert!(
+                    patch_path.is_empty(),
+                    "this should only happen to root node"
+                );
+                let mut mount_node = mount_node.borrow_mut();
+                let mount_node = mount_node.as_mut().expect("must have a mount node");
+                mount_node.append_children(vec![first_node.clone()]);
+                mount_node.append_children(replacement);
+            } else {
+                if patch_path.path.is_empty() {
+                    let mut mount_node = mount_node.borrow_mut();
                     let mount_node = mount_node.as_mut().expect("must have a mount node");
-                    mount_node.append_children(vec![first_node.clone()]);
-                    mount_node.append_children(replacement);
+                    mount_node.replace_child(&target_element, first_node.clone());
                 } else {
-                    if patch_path.path.is_empty() {
-                        let mut mount_node = self.mount_node.borrow_mut();
-                        let mount_node = mount_node.as_mut().expect("must have a mount node");
-                        mount_node.replace_child(&target_element, first_node.clone());
-                    } else {
-                        target_parent.replace_child(&target_element, first_node.clone());
-                    }
-                    //insert the rest
-                    target_parent.insert_after(&first_node, replacement);
-                }
-                if patch_path.path.is_empty() {
-                    *self.root_node.borrow_mut() = Some(first_node);
+                    target_parent.replace_child(&target_element, first_node.clone());
                 }
+                //insert the rest
+                target_parent.insert_after(&first_node, replacement);
             }
-            PatchVariant::RemoveNode => {
-                target_parent.remove_children(&[&target_element]);
-            }
-            PatchVariant::ClearChildren => {
-                target_element.clear_children();
-            }
-            PatchVariant::MoveBeforeNode { for_moving } => {
-                target_parent.remove_children(&for_moving.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>());
-                target_parent.insert_before(&target_element, for_moving);
+            if patch_path.path.is_empty() {
+                *root_node.borrow_mut() = Some(first_node);
             }
+        }
+        PatchVariant::RemoveNode => {
+            target_parent.remove_children(&[&target_element]);
+        }
+        PatchVariant::ClearChildren => {
+            target_element.clear_children();
+        }
+        PatchVariant::MoveBeforeNode { for_moving } => {
+            target_parent.remove_children(&for_moving.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>());
+            target_parent.insert_before(&target_element, for_moving);
+        }
 
-            PatchVariant::MoveAfterNode { for_moving } => {
-                target_parent.remove_children(&for_moving.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>());
-                target_parent.insert_after(&target_element, for_moving);
-            }
+        PatchVariant::MoveAfterNode { for_moving } => {
+            target_parent.remove_children(&for_moving.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>());
+            target_parent.insert_after(&target_element, for_moving);
         }
-        Ok(())
     }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn convert_component_event_listener(
+    component_callback: &ComponentEventCallback,
+) -> Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)> {
+    let component_callback = component_callback.clone();
+    let closure: Closure<dyn FnMut(web_sys::Event)> = Closure::new(move |event: web_sys::Event| {
+        component_callback.emit(dom::Event::from(event));
+    });
+    closure
 }
diff --git a/crates/core/src/dom/program.rs b/crates/core/src/dom/program.rs
index 283f7f354..61eea9daf 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/dom/program.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/dom/program.rs
@@ -1,33 +1,30 @@
-use crate::dom::program::app_context::WeakContext;
-#[cfg(feature = "with-raf")]
-use crate::dom::request_animation_frame;
-#[cfg(feature = "with-ric")]
-use crate::dom::request_idle_callback;
-use crate::dom::DomNode;
-use crate::dom::SkipDiff;
-use crate::dom::SkipPath;
-use crate::dom::{document, now, IdleDeadline, Measurements};
-use crate::dom::{util::body, AnimationFrameHandle, Application, DomPatch, IdleCallbackHandle};
-use crate::html::{self, attributes::class, text};
-use crate::vdom;
-use crate::vdom::diff;
-use crate::vdom::diff_recursive;
-use crate::vdom::Patch;
-use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
-use std::mem::ManuallyDrop;
 use std::{
     any::TypeId,
     cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
+    collections::{hash_map::DefaultHasher, VecDeque},
+    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
+    mem::ManuallyDrop,
     rc::Rc,
     rc::Weak,
 };
+
 use wasm_bindgen::{JsCast, JsValue};
-use web_sys;
 
-pub(crate) use app_context::AppContext;
-pub use mount_procedure::{MountAction, MountProcedure, MountTarget};
+use crate::{
+    dom::{
+        document, dom_patch, now, program::app_context::WeakContext, util::body,
+        AnimationFrameHandle, Application, DomNode, DomPatch, IdleCallbackHandle, IdleDeadline,
+        Measurements, SkipDiff, SkipPath,
+    },
+    html::{self, attributes::class, text},
+    vdom::{self, diff, diff_recursive, Patch},
+};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "with-raf")]
+use crate::dom::request_animation_frame;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "with-ric")]
+use crate::dom::request_idle_callback;
 
 thread_local! {
     static CANCEL_CNT: RefCell<i32> = RefCell::new(0);
@@ -38,7 +35,10 @@ thread_local! {
 }
 
 mod app_context;
+use self::app_context::AppContext;
+
 mod mount_procedure;
+pub use self::mount_procedure::{MountAction, MountProcedure, MountTarget};
 
 /// Program handle the lifecycle of the APP
 pub struct Program<APP>
@@ -494,7 +494,13 @@ where
             )
             .expect("must convert patches")
         } else {
-            self.create_dom_patch(&view)
+            let current_vdom = self.app_context.current_vdom();
+            create_dom_patch(
+                &self.root_node,
+                &current_vdom,
+                &view,
+                self.create_ev_callback(),
+            )
         };
 
         let total_patches = dom_patches.len();
@@ -561,26 +567,7 @@ where
             new_vdom,
             &SkipPath::new(TreePath::root(), skip_diff.clone()),
         )
-    }
-
-    fn create_dom_patch(&self, new_vdom: &vdom::Node<APP::MSG>) -> Vec<DomPatch> {
-        let current_vdom = self.app_context.current_vdom();
-        let patches = diff(&current_vdom, new_vdom);
-
-        #[cfg(all(feature = "with-debug", feature = "log-patches"))]
-        {
-            log::debug!("There are {} patches", patches.len());
-            log::debug!("patches: {patches:#?}");
-        }
-
-        self.convert_patches(
-            self.root_node
-                .borrow()
-                .as_ref()
-                .expect("must have a root node"),
-            &patches,
-        )
-        .expect("must convert patches")
+        .unwrap()
     }
 
     #[cfg(feature = "with-raf")]
@@ -601,7 +588,11 @@ where
             return Ok(());
         }
         let dom_patches: Vec<DomPatch> = self.pending_patches.borrow_mut().drain(..).collect();
-        self.apply_dom_patches(dom_patches)?;
+        dom_patch::apply_dom_patches(
+            Rc::clone(&self.root_node),
+            Rc::clone(&self.mount_node),
+            dom_patches,
+        )?;
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -747,6 +738,44 @@ where
     pub fn dispatch(&mut self, msg: APP::MSG) {
         self.dispatch_multiple([msg])
     }
+
+    /// patch the DOM to reflect the App's view
+    ///
+    /// Note: This is in another function so as to allow tests to use this shared code
+    pub fn create_dom_patch(&self, new_vdom: &vdom::Node<APP::MSG>) -> Vec<DomPatch> {
+        create_dom_patch(
+            &self.root_node,
+            &self.app_context.current_vdom(),
+            new_vdom,
+            self.create_ev_callback(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn create_dom_patch<Msg, F>(
+    root_node: &Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>>,
+    current_vdom: &vdom::Node<Msg>,
+    new_vdom: &vdom::Node<Msg>,
+    ev_callback: F,
+) -> Vec<DomPatch>
+where
+    Msg: 'static,
+    F: Fn(Msg) + 'static + Clone,
+{
+    let patches = diff(&current_vdom, new_vdom).unwrap();
+
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "with-debug", feature = "log-patches"))]
+    {
+        log::debug!("There are {} patches", patches.len());
+        log::debug!("patches: {patches:#?}");
+    }
+
+    dom_patch::convert_patches(
+        root_node.borrow().as_ref().expect("must have a root node"),
+        &patches,
+        ev_callback,
+    )
+    .expect("must convert patches")
 }
 
 impl<APP> Program<APP>
@@ -762,6 +791,7 @@ where
         new_vdom: vdom::Node<APP::MSG>,
     ) -> Result<usize, JsValue> {
         let dom_patches = self.create_dom_patch(&new_vdom);
+
         let total_patches = dom_patches.len();
         self.pending_patches.borrow_mut().extend(dom_patches);
 
diff --git a/crates/core/src/html/attributes/attribute_macros.rs b/crates/core/src/html/attributes/attribute_macros.rs
index 2777fad9e..23594df09 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/html/attributes/attribute_macros.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/html/attributes/attribute_macros.rs
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ pub mod commons {
         srcset;
         start;
         step;
+        style;
         tabindex;
         target;
         title;
diff --git a/crates/core/src/vdom/diff.rs b/crates/core/src/vdom/diff.rs
index 1a0f47647..1ef527cef 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/vdom/diff.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/vdom/diff.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,20 @@ static USE_SKIP_DIFF: bool = true;
 #[cfg(not(feature = "use-skipdiff"))]
 static USE_SKIP_DIFF: bool = false;
 
+/// all the possible error when diffing Node(s)
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum DiffError {
+    /// Node list must have already unrolled when creating an element
+    #[error("Node list must have already unrolled when creating an element")]
+    UnrollError,
+    /// Skip diff error
+    #[error("Skip diff error")]
+    SkipDiffError,
+    /// Invalid root node count of: {0}
+    #[error("Invalid root node count of: {0}")]
+    InvalidRootNodeCount(usize),
+}
+
 /// Return the patches needed for `old_node` to have the same DOM as `new_node`
 ///
 /// # Agruments
@@ -40,7 +54,7 @@ static USE_SKIP_DIFF: bool = false;
 ///     vec![element("div", vec![attr("key", "2")], vec![])],
 /// );
 ///
-/// let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+/// let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 /// assert_eq!(
 ///     diff,
 ///     vec![Patch::remove_node(
@@ -50,7 +64,10 @@ static USE_SKIP_DIFF: bool = false;
 ///     ]
 /// );
 /// ```
-pub fn diff<'a, MSG>(old_node: &'a Node<MSG>, new_node: &'a Node<MSG>) -> Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> {
+pub fn diff<'a, MSG>(
+    old_node: &'a Node<MSG>,
+    new_node: &'a Node<MSG>,
+) -> Result<Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>>, DiffError> {
     diff_recursive(
         old_node,
         new_node,
@@ -115,10 +132,10 @@ pub fn diff_recursive<'a, MSG>(
     old_node: &'a Node<MSG>,
     new_node: &'a Node<MSG>,
     path: &SkipPath,
-) -> Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> {
+) -> Result<Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>>, DiffError> {
     if let Some(skip_diff) = path.skip_diff.as_ref() {
         if USE_SKIP_DIFF && skip_diff.shall_skip_node() {
-            return vec![];
+            return Err(DiffError::SkipDiffError);
         }
     }
 
@@ -136,16 +153,31 @@ pub fn diff_recursive<'a, MSG>(
     };
     // skip diffing if the function evaluates to true
     if skip(old_node, new_node) {
-        return vec![];
+        return Ok(vec![]);
+    }
+
+    // multiple root nodes are not supported. this would be two root nodes "<div></div><div></div>"
+    // the diff will work but the result is wrong, so instead we bail out here
+    match new_node {
+        Node::Leaf(leaf) => match leaf {
+            Leaf::NodeList(list) => {
+                if list.len() > 1 {
+                    log::error!("invalid root node cound: input needs exactly one root node and childs, not several root nodes");
+                    return Err(DiffError::InvalidRootNodeCount(list.len()));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        },
+        Node::Element(_) => {}
     }
 
     // replace node and return early
     if should_replace(old_node, new_node) {
-        return vec![Patch::replace_node(
+        return Ok(vec![Patch::replace_node(
             old_node.tag(),
             path.path.clone(),
             vec![new_node],
-        )];
+        )]);
     }
 
     let mut patches = vec![];
@@ -169,10 +201,13 @@ pub fn diff_recursive<'a, MSG>(
                     // we back track since Fragment is not a real node, but it would still
                     // be traversed from the prior call
                     let patch = diff_nodes(None, old_nodes, new_nodes, &path.backtrack());
-                    patches.extend(patch);
+                    match patch {
+                        Ok(patch) => patches.extend(patch),
+                        Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                    };
                 }
                 (Leaf::NodeList(_old_elements), Leaf::NodeList(_new_elements)) => {
-                    panic!("Node list must have already unrolled when creating an element");
+                    return Err(DiffError::UnrollError)
                 }
                 (Leaf::StatelessComponent(old_comp), Leaf::StatelessComponent(new_comp)) => {
                     let new_path = SkipPath {
@@ -192,7 +227,10 @@ pub fn diff_recursive<'a, MSG>(
                         "new comp view should not be a template"
                     );
                     let patch = diff_recursive(old_real_view, new_real_view, &new_path);
-                    patches.extend(patch);
+                    match patch {
+                        Ok(patch) => patches.extend(patch),
+                        Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                    }
                 }
                 (Leaf::StatefulComponent(old_comp), Leaf::StatefulComponent(new_comp)) => {
                     let attr_patches = create_attribute_patches(
@@ -201,15 +239,26 @@ pub fn diff_recursive<'a, MSG>(
                         &new_comp.attrs,
                         path,
                     );
-                    if !attr_patches.is_empty() {
-                        log::info!("stateful component attr_patches: {attr_patches:#?}");
-                    }
-                    patches.extend(attr_patches);
-                    let patch = diff_nodes(None, &old_comp.children, &new_comp.children, path);
-                    if !patch.is_empty() {
-                        log::info!("stateful component patch: {patch:#?}");
+                    match attr_patches {
+                        Ok(attr_patches) => {
+                            if !attr_patches.is_empty() {
+                                log::info!("stateful component attr_patches: {attr_patches:#?}");
+                            }
+                            patches.extend(attr_patches);
+                            let patch =
+                                diff_nodes(None, &old_comp.children, &new_comp.children, path);
+                            match patch {
+                                Ok(patch) => {
+                                    if !patch.is_empty() {
+                                        log::info!("stateful component patch: {patch:#?}");
+                                    }
+                                    patches.extend(patch);
+                                }
+                                Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => return Err(e),
                     }
-                    patches.extend(patch);
                 }
                 (Leaf::TemplatedView(_old_view), _) => {
                     unreachable!("templated view should not be diffed..")
@@ -238,7 +287,10 @@ pub fn diff_recursive<'a, MSG>(
                     new_element.attributes(),
                     path,
                 );
-                patches.extend(attr_patches);
+                match attr_patches {
+                    Ok(attr_patches) => patches.extend(attr_patches),
+                    Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                };
             }
 
             let more_patches = diff_nodes(
@@ -247,15 +299,17 @@ pub fn diff_recursive<'a, MSG>(
                 new_element.children(),
                 path,
             );
-
-            patches.extend(more_patches);
+            match more_patches {
+                Ok(more_patches) => patches.extend(more_patches),
+                Err(e) => return Err(e),
+            };
         }
         _ => {
             unreachable!("Unequal variant discriminants should already have been handled");
         }
     };
 
-    patches
+    Ok(patches)
 }
 
 fn diff_nodes<'a, MSG>(
@@ -263,12 +317,12 @@ fn diff_nodes<'a, MSG>(
     old_children: &'a [Node<MSG>],
     new_children: &'a [Node<MSG>],
     path: &SkipPath,
-) -> Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> {
+) -> Result<Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>>, DiffError> {
     let diff_as_keyed = is_any_keyed(old_children) || is_any_keyed(new_children);
 
     if diff_as_keyed {
         let keyed_patches = diff_lis::diff_keyed_nodes(old_tag, old_children, new_children, path);
-        keyed_patches
+        Ok(keyed_patches)
     } else {
         let non_keyed_patches = diff_non_keyed_nodes(old_tag, old_children, new_children, path);
         non_keyed_patches
@@ -290,14 +344,17 @@ fn diff_non_keyed_nodes<'a, MSG>(
     old_children: &'a [Node<MSG>],
     new_children: &'a [Node<MSG>],
     path: &SkipPath,
-) -> Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> {
-    let mut patches = vec![];
+) -> Result<Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>>, DiffError> {
+    let mut patches: Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> = vec![];
     let old_child_count = old_children.len();
     let new_child_count = new_children.len();
 
     // if there is no new children, then clear the children of this element
     if old_child_count > 0 && new_child_count == 0 {
-        return vec![Patch::clear_children(old_element_tag, path.path.clone())];
+        return Ok(vec![Patch::clear_children(
+            old_element_tag,
+            path.path.clone(),
+        )]);
     }
 
     let min_count = cmp::min(old_child_count, new_child_count);
@@ -309,7 +366,10 @@ fn diff_non_keyed_nodes<'a, MSG>(
         let new_child = &new_children.get(index).expect("No new child node");
 
         let more_patches = diff_recursive(old_child, new_child, &child_path);
-        patches.extend(more_patches);
+        match more_patches {
+            Ok(more_patches) => patches.extend(more_patches),
+            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+        }
     }
 
     // If there are more new child than old_node child, we make a patch to append the excess element
@@ -335,7 +395,7 @@ fn diff_non_keyed_nodes<'a, MSG>(
         patches.extend(remove_node_patches);
     }
 
-    patches
+    Ok(patches)
 }
 
 ///
@@ -348,7 +408,7 @@ fn create_attribute_patches<'a, MSG>(
     old_attributes: &'a [Attribute<MSG>],
     new_attributes: &'a [Attribute<MSG>],
     path: &SkipPath,
-) -> Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> {
+) -> Result<Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>>, DiffError> {
     let skip_indices = if let Some(skip_diff) = &path.skip_diff {
         if let SkipAttrs::Indices(skip_indices) = &skip_diff.skip_attrs {
             skip_indices.clone()
@@ -365,7 +425,7 @@ fn create_attribute_patches<'a, MSG>(
 
     // return early if both attributes are empty
     if old_attributes.is_empty() && new_attributes.is_empty() {
-        return vec![];
+        return Ok(vec![]);
     }
 
     let mut add_attributes: Vec<&Attribute<MSG>> = vec![];
@@ -440,7 +500,7 @@ fn create_attribute_patches<'a, MSG>(
             remove_attributes,
         ));
     }
-    patches
+    Ok(patches)
 }
 
 /// returns true if all the elements in subset is in big_set
diff --git a/crates/core/src/vdom/diff_lis.rs b/crates/core/src/vdom/diff_lis.rs
index 8926a3d9b..b33f3973c 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/vdom/diff_lis.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/vdom/diff_lis.rs
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ fn diff_keyed_ends<'a, MSG>(
         }
         let child_path = path.traverse(index);
         // diff the children and add to patches
-        let patches = diff_recursive(old, new, &child_path);
+        let patches = diff_recursive(old, new, &child_path).unwrap();
         all_patches.extend(patches);
         old_index_matched.push(index);
         left_offset += 1;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ fn diff_keyed_ends<'a, MSG>(
             break;
         }
         let child_path = path.traverse(old_index);
-        let patches = diff_recursive(old, new, &child_path);
+        let patches: Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> = diff_recursive(old, new, &child_path).unwrap();
         all_patches.extend(patches);
         right_offset += 1;
     }
@@ -281,11 +281,12 @@ fn diff_keyed_middle<'a, MSG>(
     }
 
     for idx in lis_sequence.iter() {
-        let patches = diff_recursive(
+        let patches: Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> = diff_recursive(
             &old_children[new_index_to_old_index[*idx]],
             &new_children[*idx],
             path,
-        );
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         all_patches.extend(patches);
     }
 
@@ -301,7 +302,8 @@ fn diff_keyed_middle<'a, MSG>(
             if old_index == u32::MAX as usize {
                 new_nodes.push(new_node);
             } else {
-                let patches = diff_recursive(&old_children[old_index], new_node, path);
+                let patches: Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> =
+                    diff_recursive(&old_children[old_index], new_node, path).unwrap();
                 all_patches.extend(patches);
 
                 node_paths.push(path.traverse(left_offset + old_index).path);
@@ -339,7 +341,8 @@ fn diff_keyed_middle<'a, MSG>(
             if old_index == u32::MAX as usize {
                 new_nodes.push(new_node)
             } else {
-                let patches = diff_recursive(&old_children[old_index], new_node, path);
+                let patches: Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> =
+                    diff_recursive(&old_children[old_index], new_node, path).unwrap();
                 all_patches.extend(patches);
             }
         }
@@ -363,7 +366,8 @@ fn diff_keyed_middle<'a, MSG>(
             if old_index == u32::MAX as usize {
                 new_nodes.push(new_node);
             } else {
-                let patches = diff_recursive(&old_children[old_index], new_node, path);
+                let patches: Vec<Patch<'a, MSG>> =
+                    diff_recursive(&old_children[old_index], new_node, path).unwrap();
                 all_patches.extend(patches);
                 node_paths.push(path.traverse(left_offset + old_index).path);
             }
diff --git a/crates/core/src/vdom/render.rs b/crates/core/src/vdom/render.rs
index a757e512f..fe7cec22b 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/vdom/render.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/vdom/render.rs
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ impl<MSG> Node<MSG> {
     pub fn render_to_string(&self) -> String {
         let mut buffer = String::new();
         self.render_compressed(&mut buffer).expect("must render");
+        //println!("render_to_string: {}", buffer);
         buffer
     }
 
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@ impl<MSG> Element<MSG> {
 
         let is_lone_child_text_node = children.len() == 1 && is_first_child_text_node;
 
+        let indent = indent + 1;
+
         // do not indent if it is only text child node
         if is_lone_child_text_node {
             first_child
@@ -159,8 +162,8 @@ impl<MSG> Element<MSG> {
         } else {
             // otherwise print all child nodes with each line and indented
             for child in self.children() {
-                maybe_indent(buffer, indent + 1, compressed)?;
-                child.render_with_indent(buffer, indent + 1, compressed)?;
+                maybe_indent(buffer, indent, compressed)?;
+                child.render_with_indent(buffer, indent, compressed)?;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/crates/html-parser/Cargo.toml b/crates/html-parser/Cargo.toml
index 3fe9e8cfd..008b535df 100644
--- a/crates/html-parser/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/html-parser/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,3 +16,8 @@ sauron-core = { version = "0.61", path = "../core", features = ["with-lookup"] }
 log = "0.4"
 thiserror = "1.0.48"
 html-escape = "0.2.13"
+
+html5ever = "0.29.1"
+markup5ever = "0.14.1"
+xml5ever = "0.20.0"
+markup5ever_rcdom = "0.5.0-unofficial"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/html-parser/src/lib.rs b/crates/html-parser/src/lib.rs
index 2272928c7..aff32cdbc 100644
--- a/crates/html-parser/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/html-parser/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,36 +1,31 @@
 #![deny(warnings)]
-use rphtml::config::ParseOptions;
-use rphtml::parser::Doc;
-use rphtml::parser::NodeType;
-use rphtml::types::BoxDynError;
+
+use markup5ever_rcdom::{NodeData, RcDom, SerializableHandle, Handle};
+use markup5ever::serialize::TraversalScope;
+use html5ever::serialize::SerializeOpts;
+use html5ever::{parse_fragment, serialize, QualName};
+use xml5ever::tendril::TendrilSink;
+use markup5ever::{local_name, namespace_url, ns};
+// use std::rc::Rc;
+// use std::cell::Cell;
+
 use sauron_core::{
     html::{attributes::*, lookup, *},
     vdom::AttributeValue,
     vdom::Node,
     vdom::Value,
 };
-use std::fmt;
-use std::io;
-use std::ops::Deref;
 
 /// all the possible error when parsing html string
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum ParseError {
-    /// io error
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    IoError(#[from] io::Error),
-    /// formatting error
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    FmtError(#[from] fmt::Error),
-    /// rphtml specific error
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    RpHtmlError(#[from] BoxDynError),
-    /// the tag is not a valid html
     #[error("Invalid tag: {0}")]
     InvalidTag(String),
+    #[error("Unable to find body tag in generated html document")]
+    NoBodyInParsedHtml,
 }
 
-/// parse the html string and build a node tree
+/// parse escaped html strings like "Hello&#x20;world&#x21;" into "Hello world!" and then into a node tree
 pub fn raw_html<MSG>(html: &str) -> Node<MSG> {
     // decode html entitiesd back since it will be safely converted into text
     let html = html_escape::decode_html_entities(html);
@@ -39,94 +34,129 @@ pub fn raw_html<MSG>(html: &str) -> Node<MSG> {
         .expect("must have a node")
 }
 
-/// the document is not wrapped with html
+/// parse none-escaped html strings as "Hello world!" into a node tree (see also raw_html(...))
 pub fn parse_html<MSG>(html: &str) -> Result<Option<Node<MSG>>, ParseError> {
-    let doc = Doc::parse(
-        html,
-        ParseOptions {
-            case_sensitive_tagname: false,
-            allow_self_closing: true,
-            auto_fix_unclosed_tag: true,
-            auto_fix_unexpected_endtag: true,
-            auto_fix_unescaped_lt: true,
-        },
-    )?;
-    process_node(doc.get_root_node().borrow().deref())
+    let dom: RcDom = parse_fragment(RcDom::default(), Default::default(),
+    QualName::new(None, ns!(html), local_name!("div")),
+    vec![],
+).one(html);
+    process_handle(&dom.document)
+
+    // let dom: RcDom = parse_document(RcDom::default(), Default::default()).one(html);
+    // if let Some(body) = find_body(&dom.document) {
+    //     let new_document = Rc::new(markup5ever_rcdom::Node {
+    //         data: NodeData::Document,
+    //         parent: Cell::new(None),
+    //         children: body.children.clone(),
+    //     });
+    //     process_handle(&new_document)
+    // } else {
+    //     Err(ParseError::NoBodyInParsedHtml)
+    // }
 }
 
+// Recursively find the <body> element
+// fn find_body(handle: &Handle) -> Option<Handle> {
+//     match &handle.data {
+//         NodeData::Element { name, .. } if name.local.as_ref() == "body" => Some(handle.clone()),
+//         _ => {
+//             for child in handle.children.borrow().iter() {
+//                 if let Some(body) = find_body(child) {
+//                     return Some(body);
+//                 }
+//             }
+//             None
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
+
 //TODO: This is not dealing with html symbols such as
 //   `&#9650;`
 //   `&#9660;`
-fn process_node<MSG>(node: &rphtml::parser::Node) -> Result<Option<Node<MSG>>, ParseError> {
-    let content = if let Some(content) = &node.content {
-        let content = String::from_iter(content.iter());
-        Some(content)
-    } else {
-        None
-    };
-
-    let mut child_nodes = if let Some(childs) = &node.childs {
-        childs
-            .iter()
-            .flat_map(|child| process_node(child.borrow().deref()).ok().flatten())
-            .collect()
-    } else {
-        vec![]
-    };
+// similar to 	fn build_tree(&self, options: &RenderOptions, status: &mut RenderStatus, result: &mut Vec<char>) {
+fn process_handle<MSG>(node: &Handle) -> Result<Option<Node<MSG>>, ParseError> {
+    let children: Vec<Node<MSG>> = node
+        .children
+        .borrow()
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|child| process_handle(child).ok().flatten())
+        .collect();
 
-    match node.node_type {
-        NodeType::Tag => {
-            let tag = &node.meta.as_ref().expect("must have a tag");
-            let tag_name = String::from_iter(tag.borrow().name.iter());
+    match &node.data {
+        NodeData::Document => {
+            let child_nodes_len = children.len();
+            match child_nodes_len {
+                0 => Ok(Some(node_list([]))),
+                1 => Ok(Some(children.into_iter().next().unwrap())),
+                _ => Ok(Some(node_list(children))),
+            }
+        }
+        NodeData::Text { contents } => {
+            let content = contents.borrow().to_string();
+            Ok(Some(text(content)))
+        }
+        NodeData::Element { name, attrs, .. } => {
+            let tag_name = name.local.to_string();
+            println!("tag_name: {}", tag_name);
+            
+            if tag_name == "pre".to_string() {
+                let mut buffer: Vec::<u8> = vec![];
+                let document: SerializableHandle = node.clone().into();
+                let serialize_opts: SerializeOpts = SerializeOpts {
+                    scripting_enabled: false,
+                    traversal_scope: TraversalScope::ChildrenOnly(None),
+                    create_missing_parent: false,
+                };
+            
+                serialize(&mut buffer, &document, serialize_opts).expect("serialization failed");
+                let writer_string = String::from_utf8(buffer).expect("Could not write buffer as string");
+                println!("--- {} ---", writer_string);
+                let content: String = format!("<pre>{}</pre>", writer_string);
+                Ok(Some(text(content)))
+            }
+            else {
             if let Some(html_tag) = lookup::match_tag(&tag_name) {
                 let is_self_closing = HTML_SC_TAGS.contains(&html_tag);
-                let attributes: Vec<Attribute<MSG>> = tag
+                let attributes: Vec<Attribute<MSG>> = attrs
                     .borrow()
-                    .attrs
                     .iter()
                     .filter_map(|attr| {
-                        attr.key.as_ref().and_then(|key| {
-                            let key = String::from_iter(key.content.iter());
-                            if let Some(attr_key) = lookup::match_attribute(&key) {
-                                let value = if let Some(value) = &attr.value {
-                                    let value = String::from_iter(value.content.iter());
-                                    AttributeValue::Simple(Value::from(value))
+                        let key = attr.name.local.to_string();
+                        if let Some(attr_key) = lookup::match_attribute(&key) {
+                            let value = if key == "style" {
+                                let raw_tokens: Vec<String> = attr.value.split(';').map(|s| s.trim().to_string()).collect();
+                                let tokens: Vec<Style> = raw_tokens.iter().filter_map(|m| {
+                                    let t: Vec<String> = m.split(':').map(|s| s.trim().to_string()).collect();
+                                    if t.len() == 2 {
+                                        Some(Style::new(t[0].clone(), t[1].clone()))
+                                    } else {
+                                        None
+                                    }
+                                }).collect();
+                                if !tokens.is_empty() {
+                                    AttributeValue::Style(tokens)
                                 } else {
                                     AttributeValue::Empty
-                                };
-                                Some(Attribute::new(None, attr_key, value))
+                                }
                             } else {
-                                log::warn!("Not a standard html attribute: {}", key);
-                                None
-                            }
-                        })
+                                AttributeValue::Simple(Value::from(attr.value.to_string()))
+                            };
+                            Some(Attribute::new(None, attr_key, value))
+                        } else {
+                            log::warn!("Not a standard html attribute: {}", key);
+                            None
+                        }
                     })
                     .collect();
 
                 Ok(Some(html_element(
-                    None,
-                    html_tag,
-                    attributes,
-                    child_nodes,
-                    is_self_closing,
+                    None, html_tag, attributes, children, is_self_closing,
                 )))
             } else {
-                log::error!("invalid tag: {}", tag_name);
+                log::error!("Invalid tag: {}", tag_name);
                 Err(ParseError::InvalidTag(tag_name))
             }
-        }
-        NodeType::Text => {
-            let content = content.expect("must have a content");
-            Ok(Some(text(content)))
-        }
-        NodeType::AbstractRoot => {
-            let child_nodes_len = child_nodes.len();
-            match child_nodes_len {
-                0 => Ok(Some(node_list([]))),
-                1 => Ok(Some(child_nodes.remove(0))),
-                _ => Ok(Some(node_list(child_nodes))),
-            }
-        }
+        }}
         _ => Ok(None),
     }
 }
diff --git a/examples/patch_dom_node/Cargo.toml b/examples/patch_dom_node/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b54f086b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/patch_dom_node/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "patch_dom_node"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+console_error_panic_hook = "0.1.7"
+console_log = { version = "1.0.0", features = ["color"] }
+log = "0.4.25"
+sauron-core = { version = "0.61.9", path = "../../crates/core" }
+sauron-html-parser = { version = "0.61.9", path = "../../crates/html-parser" }
+web-sys = "0.3.77"
diff --git a/examples/patch_dom_node/index.html b/examples/patch_dom_node/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dac5ab32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/patch_dom_node/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <link data-trunk rel="rust" data-wasm-opt="z" />
+    <title>Sauron • Use VDOM</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="control">
+      <button >asdf</button>
+    </div>
+    <div id="main">
+
+      <h1 id="SiteTitle">vscodium and nix develop</h1>
+      <div id="date"><p><span id="lastupdated">25 jun 2024</span></p></div><div id="tags"><p><a href="timeline.html?filter=tag::nix" class="tagbtn btn btn-primary">nix</a><a href="timeline.html?filter=tag::nixos-wsl" class="tagbtn btn btn-primary">nixos-wsl</a><a href="timeline.html?filter=tag::vscodium" class="tagbtn btn btn-primary">vscodium</a></p></div>
+      <p><a href="media/vscodium.png"><img src=media/vscodium.png class="noFancy" style="float: right"></a></p>
+  <h2 data-number="1" id="motivation">motivation</h2>
+  <p>this post is about how to <strong>connect visual studio code with
+  proper language support and code completion for rust</strong> to a nix
+  based toolchain inside nixos-wsl. this setup let’s me surf the code like
+  a html document!</p>
+  <p>the open source edition of microsoft <strong>visual studio
+  code</strong> called <a href="https://vscodium.com/">vscodium</a> is
+  being used. it features an implementation for remote code access via
+  ssh, which is also open source, and is called <a
+  href="https://github.com/jeanp413/open-remote-ssh/">open-remote-ssh</a>.</p>
+  <p><strong>note:</strong> for visual studio code this plugin called <a
+  href="https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode-remote-release">ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh</a>
+  is closed source but should work for this setup, too.</p>
+  <h2 data-number="2" id="what-is-needed">what is needed</h2>
+  <ul>
+  <li>host: windows 10
+  <ul>
+  <li>vscodium on windows</li>
+  <li><a
+  href="https://open-vsx.org/extension/franneck94/vscode-rust-extension-pack">vscode-rust-extension-pack</a></li>
+  </ul></li>
+  <li>guest: nixos-wsl installation
+  <ul>
+  <li>working ssh configuration from host</li>
+  <li>setup nixos-vscode-server properly: <a
+  href="https://nixos.wiki/wiki/VSCodium">vscodium</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://codeberg.org/slowtec/klick">klick</a>, an example
+  rust project</li>
+  </ul></li>
+  </ul>
+  <h3 data-number="2.1"
+  id="supported-nix-development-environments">supported nix development
+  environments</h3>
+  <p>there are several popular similar concepts:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li><a href="https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Flakes">flakes</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://devenv.sh/">devenv</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://direnv.net/">direnv</a></li>
+  <li><a
+  href="https://nix.dev/manual/nix/2.22/command-ref/nix-shell">nix-shell</a></li>
+  <li><a href="https://github.com/flox/flox">flox</a></li>
+  </ul>
+  <h2 data-number="3" id="experimental-setup">experimental setup</h2>
+  <p>to learn about the vscodium implementation of ssh remote work i’ve
+  created this shell-wrapper on the nixos-wsl instance.</p>
+  <h3 data-number="3.1" id="nixos-wsl-configuration">nixos-wsl
+  configuration</h3>
+  <div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre
+  class="sourceCode nix"><code class="sourceCode nix"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="op">{</span> <span class="va">config</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="va">lib</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="va">pkgs</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="va">fetchurl</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="va">fetchFromGitHub</span><span class="op">,</span> <span class="op">...</span> <span class="op">}</span>:</span>
+  <span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="kw">let</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">rust_overlay</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">import</span> <span class="op">(</span><span class="bu">fetchTarball</span> <span class="st">&quot;https://github.com/oxalica/rust-overlay/archive/master.tar.gz&quot;</span><span class="op">);</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">pkgs</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="bu">import</span> &lt;nixpkgs&gt; <span class="op">{</span> <span class="va">overlays</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">[</span> rust_overlay <span class="op">];</span> <span class="op">};</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">rust</span> <span class="op">=</span> pkgs.rust<span class="op">-</span>bin.stable.latest.default.override <span class="op">{</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="va">extensions</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">[</span> <span class="st">&quot;rustfmt&quot;</span> <span class="st">&quot;clippy&quot;</span> <span class="op">];</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="va">targets</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">[</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>      <span class="st">&quot;wasm32-unknown-unknown&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="op">];</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="op">};</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="kw">in</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb1-14"><a href="#cb1-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="op">{</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-15"><a href="#cb1-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">imports</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">[</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-16"><a href="#cb1-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co"># include NixOS-WSL modules</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-17"><a href="#cb1-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    &lt;<span class="ss">nixos-wsl/modules</span>&gt;</span>
+  <span id="cb1-18"><a href="#cb1-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="op">(</span><span class="bu">fetchTarball</span> <span class="st">&quot;https://github.com/nix-community/nixos-vscode-server/tarball/master&quot;</span><span class="op">)</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-19"><a href="#cb1-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="op">];</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-20"><a href="#cb1-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">users</span>.<span class="va">users</span>.<span class="va">nixos</span>.<span class="va">shell</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ss">/home/nixos/klick/bash-wrapper.sh</span><span class="op">;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-21"><a href="#cb1-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb1-22"><a href="#cb1-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">nix</span>.<span class="va">settings</span>.<span class="va">experimental-features</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">[</span> <span class="st">&quot;nix-command&quot;</span> <span class="st">&quot;flakes&quot;</span> <span class="op">];</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-23"><a href="#cb1-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">wsl</span>.<span class="va">enable</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">true</span><span class="op">;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-24"><a href="#cb1-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">services</span>.<span class="va">vscode-server</span>.<span class="va">enable</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">true</span><span class="op">;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-25"><a href="#cb1-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">environment</span>.<span class="va">systemPackages</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">with</span> pkgs<span class="op">;</span> <span class="op">[</span> vim git tig dfc wineWowPackages.base jq direnv htop <span class="op">];</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-26"><a href="#cb1-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">services</span>.<span class="va">openssh</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">{</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-27"><a href="#cb1-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="va">enable</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="cn">true</span><span class="op">;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-28"><a href="#cb1-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="op">};</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-29"><a href="#cb1-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  <span class="va">system</span>.<span class="va">stateVersion</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">&quot;23.05&quot;</span><span class="op">;</span> <span class="co"># Did you read the comment?</span></span>
+  <span id="cb1-30"><a href="#cb1-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="op">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
+  <h3 data-number="3.2"
+  id="homenixosklickbash-wrapper.sh">/home/nixos/klick/bash-wrapper.sh</h3>
+  <div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre
+  class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#!/run/current-system/sw/bin/bash</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># </span><span class="al">NOTE</span><span class="co">: each change requires a &#39;nixos-rebuild switch&#39; run to become active</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">export</span> <span class="va">PATH</span><span class="op">=</span><span class="st">&quot;/run/current-system/sw/bin&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb2-6"><a href="#cb2-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">cd</span> /home/nixos/klick</span>
+  <span id="cb2-7"><a href="#cb2-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb2-8"><a href="#cb2-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">is_interactive()</span> <span class="kw">{</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-9"><a href="#cb2-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co"># A shell is considered interactive if it has a terminal associated with standard input</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-10"><a href="#cb2-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="cf">if</span> <span class="bu">[</span> <span class="ot">-t</span> 0 <span class="bu">]</span><span class="kw">;</span> <span class="cf">then</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-11"><a href="#cb2-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>        <span class="cf">return</span> <span class="dv">0</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-12"><a href="#cb2-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="cf">else</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-13"><a href="#cb2-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>        <span class="cf">return</span> <span class="dv">1</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-14"><a href="#cb2-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="cf">fi</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-15"><a href="#cb2-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="kw">}</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-16"><a href="#cb2-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb2-17"><a href="#cb2-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Main execution starts here</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-18"><a href="#cb2-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Check if the shell is interactive</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-19"><a href="#cb2-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> <span class="ex">is_interactive</span><span class="kw">;</span> <span class="cf">then</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-20"><a href="#cb2-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co"># If the shell is interactive, call bash in interactive mode</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-21"><a href="#cb2-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co">#exec /run/current-system/sw/bin/bash</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-22"><a href="#cb2-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="bu">echo</span> <span class="st">&quot;interactive&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-23"><a href="#cb2-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="bu">exec</span> /run/current-system/sw/bin/nix develop <span class="at">--command</span> /run/current-system/sw/bin/bash</span>
+  <span id="cb2-24"><a href="#cb2-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">else</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-25"><a href="#cb2-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co"># If the shell is non-interactive, pass all arguments to bash</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-26"><a href="#cb2-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co">#exec /run/current-system/sw/bin/bash &quot;$@&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-27"><a href="#cb2-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="bu">echo</span> <span class="st">&quot;none interactive&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-28"><a href="#cb2-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="bu">exec</span> /run/current-system/sw/bin/nix develop <span class="at">--command</span> /run/current-system/sw/bin/bash <span class="at">-c</span> <span class="st">&quot;</span><span class="va">$@</span><span class="st">&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb2-29"><a href="#cb2-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">fi</span></span></code></pre></div>
+  <h2 data-number="4" id="how-to-use">how to use</h2>
+  <p>once everything is installed, do a <code>ssh nixos</code> and check
+  that you are inside the nix develop environment:</p>
+  <div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre
+  class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">[nixos@nixos:~/klick]$</span> rustc <span class="at">--version</span></span>
+  <span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">rustc</span> 1.79.0 <span class="er">(</span><span class="ex">129f3b996</span> 2024-06-10<span class="kw">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
+  <p>then add this ssh remote into vscodium’s remote extension and load
+  the project.</p>
+  <p>inside the development console to the same
+  <code>rustc --version</code> check.</p>
+  <p><a href="media/vscodium-klick.JPG"><img src=media/vscodium-klick.JPG class="noFancy"></a></p>
+  <p><a href="media/vscodium-klick-ssh-shell.JPG"><img src=media/vscodium-klick-ssh-shell.JPG class="noFancy"></a></p>
+  <h2 data-number="5" id="future-potential">future potential</h2>
+  <p>using <code>vscodium</code> we <em>could create a way to
+  automatically load the <strong>nix development
+  environment</strong></em>, if detected. if in <a
+  href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/workspace-trust">restricted
+  mode</a> no such shell should be started.</p>
+  <h3 data-number="5.1" id="how-shell-is-detected">how SHELL is
+  detected</h3>
+  <p>on <strong>nixos</strong> this is set as default:</p>
+  <div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre
+  class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">declare</span> <span class="at">-x</span> <span class="va">SHELL</span><span class="op">=</span><span class="st">&quot;/nix/store/agkxax48k35wdmkhmmija2i2sxg8i7ny-bash-5.2p26/bin/bash&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
+  <p>and resolved using this:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>vscode does the shell resolution internally at <a
+  href="https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/4580ba51fe1914ca29916f829adb35930089b013/src/vs/platform/shell/node/shellEnv.ts#L102">microsoft/vscode</a></li>
+  <li>by default it will use the shell from <code>$SHELL</code> but if
+  that’s unset it will use node’s <code>userInfo().shell</code> which will
+  read <code>/etc/passwd</code>, see <a
+  href="https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/4580ba51fe1914ca29916f829adb35930089b013/src/vs/base/node/shell.ts#L40-L48">microsoft/vscode</a>.</li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>see also discussion at <a
+  href="https://github.com/jeanp413/open-remote-ssh/issues/159"
+  class="uri">https://github.com/jeanp413/open-remote-ssh/issues/159</a></p>
+  <h3 data-number="5.2" id="proposal">proposal</h3>
+  <p>using a <code>.vscode-nix.toml</code> file in the source directory we
+  could help vscode to use the correct shell environment:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li>modify the vscode resolver to check for a file named
+  <code>.vscode-nix.toml</code>, and if found, use that command inside the
+  SHELL</li>
+  <li>if that ‘nix develop’ like shell bails out with an error, don’t
+  clutter the user with an infinite reconnect loop and bogus error
+  messages</li>
+  </ul>
+  <h3 data-number="5.3" id="example-.vscode-nix.toml">example
+  <code>.vscode-nix.toml</code></h3>
+  <div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre
+  class="sourceCode toml"><code class="sourceCode toml"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># .vscode-nix.toml</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># This configuration file helps Visual Studio Code determine the shell to use for different Nix environments.</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Specify the shell to use for Nix Flake&#39;s &#39;nix develop&#39;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="kw">[shell]</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="dt">name</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">&quot;nix flake&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="dt">command</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="st">&quot;nix develop&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Specify the shell to use for Devenv</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-10"><a href="#cb5-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#[shell]</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-11"><a href="#cb5-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#name = &quot;devenv&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-12"><a href="#cb5-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#command = &quot;devenv shell&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-13"><a href="#cb5-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb5-14"><a href="#cb5-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Specify the shell to use for Direnv</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-15"><a href="#cb5-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#[shell]</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-16"><a href="#cb5-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#name = &quot;direnv&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-17"><a href="#cb5-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#command = &quot;direnv allow &amp;&amp; direnv exec . $SHELL&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-18"><a href="#cb5-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb5-19"><a href="#cb5-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Specify the shell to use for Nix Shell</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-20"><a href="#cb5-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#[shell]</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-21"><a href="#cb5-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#name = &quot;nix-shell&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-22"><a href="#cb5-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#command = &quot;nix-shell&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-23"><a href="#cb5-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb5-24"><a href="#cb5-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Specify the shell to use for flox.dev</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-25"><a href="#cb5-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#[shell]</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-26"><a href="#cb5-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#name = &quot;flox&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb5-27"><a href="#cb5-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#command = &quot;flox activate&quot;</span></span></code></pre></div>
+  <p>so when vscode wants to start a shell, it will call the
+  <code>command</code> instead of
+  <code>/nix/store/agkxax48k35wdmkhmmija2i2sxg8i7ny-bash-5.2p26/bin/bash</code>.</p>
+  <h3 data-number="5.4"
+  id="nix-shell-error-handling-ux"><code>nix shell</code> error handling
+  UX</h3>
+  <p>if ‘nix develop’ fails for <strong>whatever reason</strong> using the
+  <code>/home/nixos/klick/bash-wrapper.sh</code> hack, we see it like:</p>
+  <p>this is from <code>wsl -d nixos</code>:</p>
+  <p><a href="media/vscodium-klick-ssh-shell-error-wsl-shell.jpg"><img src=media/vscodium-klick-ssh-shell-error-wsl-shell.jpg class="noFancy"></a></p>
+  <p>vscodium gets into a infinite error recursion loop and on top of
+  this, it does not <em>clearly outline the actual error</em>:</p>
+  <p><a href="media/vscodium-klick-ssh-shell-error.jpg"><img src=media/vscodium-klick-ssh-shell-error.jpg class="noFancy"></a></p>
+  <p>now keep in mind, that if vscodium handles the
+  <code>nix develop</code> (not using my
+  <code>/home/nixos/klick/bash-wrapper.sh</code> hack), then we already
+  have a working ssh shell but only the <code>nix develop</code> command
+  will fail.</p>
+  <p><strong>that said, the normal login shell then acts as a ‘rescue
+  development environment’ and this needs to be implemented in vscodium,
+  so it can be used to repair the nix expression. and once the nix code is
+  repaired, say on a manual trigger or a manual project reload, vscodium
+  will re-attach properly.</strong></p>
+  <h2 data-number="6" id="update-direnv-experiments">update: direnv
+  experiments</h2>
+  <p><a href="https://direnv.net/">direnv</a> has flake support and for my
+  local interactive shell this works great. however, i couldn’t get this
+  to work with a none-interactive (ssh shell) nor could i get it to work
+  with <a
+  href="https://github.com/jeanp413/open-remote-ssh/">open-remote-ssh</a>.</p>
+  <h3 data-number="6.1" id="configuration.nix">configuration.nix</h3>
+  <div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre
+  class="sourceCode nix"><code class="sourceCode nix"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  users.users.nixos.shell = <span class="ss">/home/nixos/klick/bash-wrapper.sh</span>;</span>
+  <span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>  programs.bash.shellInit = <span class="st">&#39;&#39;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="st">    trap &#39;source /home/nixos/klick/trap.sh&#39; DEBUG</span></span>
+  <span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="st">  &#39;&#39;</span>;</span></code></pre></div>
+  <h3 data-number="6.2" id="trap.sh">trap.sh</h3>
+  <div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre
+  class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">echo</span> <span class="st">&quot;Command executed: </span><span class="va">$BASH_COMMAND</span><span class="st">&quot;</span> <span class="op">&gt;&gt;</span> /tmp/command_log.txt</span>
+  <span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">eval</span> <span class="va">$(</span><span class="ex">direnv</span> export bash<span class="va">)</span></span></code></pre></div>
+  <h3 data-number="6.3" id="bash-wrapper.sh">bash-wrapper.sh</h3>
+  <div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre
+  class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">export</span> <span class="va">PATH</span><span class="op">=</span><span class="st">&quot;/run/current-system/sw/bin&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">echo</span> <span class="st">&quot;PWD: </span><span class="va">$PWD</span><span class="st">&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">is_interactive()</span> <span class="kw">{</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co"># A shell is considered interactive if it has a terminal associated with standard input</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="cf">if</span> <span class="bu">[</span> <span class="ot">-t</span> 0 <span class="bu">]</span><span class="kw">;</span> <span class="cf">then</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>        <span class="cf">return</span> <span class="dv">0</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="cf">else</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>        <span class="cf">return</span> <span class="dv">1</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="cf">fi</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="kw">}</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-12"><a href="#cb8-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
+  <span id="cb8-13"><a href="#cb8-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Main execution starts here</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-14"><a href="#cb8-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Check if the shell is interactive</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-15"><a href="#cb8-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">if</span> <span class="ex">is_interactive</span><span class="kw">;</span> <span class="cf">then</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-16"><a href="#cb8-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co"># If the shell is interactive, call bash in interactive mode</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-17"><a href="#cb8-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="bu">echo</span> <span class="st">&quot;interactive&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-18"><a href="#cb8-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="bu">exec</span> direnv exec <span class="va">$PWD</span> /run/current-system/sw/bin/bash</span>
+  <span id="cb8-19"><a href="#cb8-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">else</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-20"><a href="#cb8-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="co"># If the shell is non-interactive, pass all arguments to bash</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-21"><a href="#cb8-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="bu">echo</span> <span class="st">&quot;none interactive&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-22"><a href="#cb8-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>    <span class="bu">exec</span> direnv exec <span class="va">$PWD</span> /run/current-system/sw/bin/bash <span class="at">-c</span> <span class="st">&quot;</span><span class="va">$@</span><span class="st">&quot;</span></span>
+  <span id="cb8-23"><a href="#cb8-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="cf">fi</span></span></code></pre></div>
+  <p>the result:</p>
+  <ul>
+  <li><p>the vscodium built-in console could find cargo correctly but
+  inside an interactive shell</p>
+  <pre><code>ssh nixos@nixos &quot;cd ~/klick; cargo --version&quot;
+  PWD: /home/nixos
+  none interactive
+  direnv: loading ~/klick/.envrc
+  direnv: using flake
+  direnv: nix-direnv: using cached dev shell
+  direnv: export +AR +AR_FOR_TARGET +AS +AS_FOR_TARGET +CC +CC_FOR_TARGET +CONFIG_SHELL +CXX +CXX_FOR_TARGET +GDK_PIXBUF_MODULE_FILE +GETTEXTDATADIRS +HOST_PATH +IN_NIX_SHELL +LD +LD_FOR_TARGET +NIX_BINTOOLS +NIX_BINTOOLS_FOR_TARGET +NIX_BINTOOLS_WRAPPER_TARGET_HOST_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu +NIX_BINTOOLS_WRAPPER_TARGET_TARGET_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu +NIX_BUILD_CORES +NIX_CC +NIX_CC_FOR_TARGET +NIX_CC_WRAPPER_TARGET_HOST_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu +NIX_CC_WRAPPER_TARGET_TARGET_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu +NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE +NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE_FOR_TARGET +NIX_ENFORCE_NO_NATIVE +NIX_HARDENING_ENABLE +NIX_LDFLAGS +NIX_LDFLAGS_FOR_TARGET +NIX_PKG_CONFIG_WRAPPER_TARGET_TARGET_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu +NIX_STORE +NM +NM_FOR_TARGET +NODE_PATH +OBJCOPY +OBJCOPY_FOR_TARGET +OBJDUMP +OBJDUMP_FOR_TARGET +PKG_CONFIG_FOR_TARGET +PKG_CONFIG_PATH_FOR_TARGET +RANLIB +RANLIB_FOR_TARGET +READELF +READELF_FOR_TARGET +SIZE +SIZE_FOR_TARGET +SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH +STRINGS +STRINGS_FOR_TARGET +STRIP +STRIP_FOR_TARGET +__structuredAttrs +buildInputs +buildPhase +builder +cmakeFlags +configureFlags +depsBuildBuild +depsBuildBuildPropagated +depsBuildTarget +depsBuildTargetPropagated +depsHostHost +depsHostHostPropagated +depsTargetTarget +depsTargetTargetPropagated +doCheck +doInstallCheck +dontAddDisableDepTrack +mesonFlags +name +nativeBuildInputs +out +outputs +patches +phases +preferLocalBuild +propagatedBuildInputs +propagatedNativeBuildInputs +shell +shellHook +stdenv +strictDeps +system ~PATH ~XDG_DATA_DIRS
+  cargo 1.79.0 (ffa9cf99a 2024-06-03)</code></pre></li>
+  <li><p><strong>rust-analzyer</strong> couldn’t be found by vscodium</p>
+  <pre class="log"><code>2024-07-09T23:42:19.180018Z ERROR rust_analyzer::main_loop: FetchWorkspaceError:
+  rust-analyzer failed to load workspace: Failed to load the project at /home/nixos/klick/Cargo.toml: Failed to query rust toolchain version at /home/nixos/klick, is your toolchain setup correctly?: cd &quot;/home/nixos/klick&quot; &amp;&amp; &quot;cargo&quot; &quot;--version&quot; failed: No such file or directory (os error 2)
+  rust-analyzer failed to load workspace: Failed to load the project at /home/nixos/klick/frontend/Cargo.toml: Failed to query rust toolchain version at /home/nixos/klick/frontend, is your toolchain setup correctly?: cd &quot;/home/nixos/klick/frontend&quot; &amp;&amp; &quot;cargo&quot; &quot;--version&quot; failed: No such file or directory (os error 2)</code></pre></li>
+  </ul>
+  <p>according to the <code>tail -f /tmp/command_log.txt</code> vscodium’s
+  remote server is only started from the shell but internally seems to
+  ignore direnv. htop shows two bash instances of which one was the
+  interactive shell (used strace to check) but the other did not show any
+  sign of activity.</p>
+  <h2 data-number="7" id="summary">summary</h2>
+  <p>this hack shows the huge potential of using <code>nix develop</code>
+  in combination to powerful remote IDEs.</p>
+  <p>in fact, the proposed idea here is very similar to <a
+  href="https://fasterthanli.me/series/building-a-rust-service-with-nix/part-10#setting-up-direnv-in-vscode">direnv-in-vscode</a>,
+  except it does not require a specific program to be running on the
+  destination host or a specific vscode plugin as <a
+  href="https://github.com/direnv/direnv-vscode">direnv-vscode</a>.</p>
+  <p>i created a feature request for vscode: <a
+  href="https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/218361"
+  class="uri">https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/218361</a>.</p>
+     
+     </div>
+    </div>
+
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/examples/patch_dom_node/src/main.rs b/examples/patch_dom_node/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28111a903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/patch_dom_node/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+
+use sauron_core::{
+    dom::{self, DomNode},
+    prelude::Node,
+    vdom,
+};
+use sauron_html_parser::{parse_html, raw_html};
+
+fn main() {
+    _ = console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Debug);
+    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+    log::info!("Example");
+
+    let ev_callback = |_| {};
+
+    let body_node = DomNode::from(web_sys::Node::from(dom::util::body()));
+    let mount_node = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Some(body_node)));
+
+    let new_html = r#"<div>
+    
+    
+ <p>
+ [[!meta date="2024-07-19 14:33"]] [[!tag nix nixos libnix fixPath]]
+ [[!series libnix]] [[!summary libnix roadmap]]
+</p>
+<p>
+ [[!img media/nlnet-logo.gif class="noFancy" style="float: right"]] [[!img
+ posts/libnix/Nix_snowflake_windows.svg class="noFancy" style="float:
+ right" width="200px"]]
+</p>
+<h1 id="motivation121111s1111111111111123412112111132">
+ motivation121111s1111111111111123412112111132
+</h1>
+<p>
+ status of <strong>native windows nix using MinGW</strong> from my series
+ <a href="https://lastlog.de/blog/timeline.html?filter=series::libnix"
+   >libnix</a
+ >
+</p>
+<p>we also cover these topics:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>libnix: <strong>why we picked MinGW</strong> vs. other solutions</li>
+ <li>general roadmap</li>
+</ul>
+<h1 id="libnix-mingw-vs.-other-solutions">
+ libnix: MinGW vs. other solutions
+</h1>
+<p>
+ making <strong>nix work native on windows</strong> there are a few
+ options, here are a few updates reaching out to these communities:
+</p>
+<h2 id="tvix">Tvix</h2>
+<p>
+ <a href="https://tvix.dev/">tvix</a> is a rust reimplementation of the c++
+ nix implementation, recent news:
+</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   <strong>store implementation</strong> since
+   <a href="https://tvl.fyi/blog/tvix-update-february-24">last update</a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+   <strong>nix evaluation</strong> comes close to upstream c++ nix,
+   however, still effort to get to 100%
+ </li>
+ <li>not all <strong>builtins</strong> are supported yet</li>
+ <li>no builders yet</li>
+ <li>
+   could be used to
+   <strong>replace the tour of nix emscripten based backend</strong> but
+   not much more
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
+ <p>
+   <strong
+     >too early for considering tvix to ‘building software using nix’ on
+     windows</strong
+   >. tvix is amazing, i hope one day this code base replaces the c++ one.
+ </p>
+</div>
+<h2 id="cosmopolitan">cosmopolitan</h2>
+<p>
+ <a href="https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/">cosmopolitan</a> developers on
+ discord mentioned to me that they had tried porting nix with cosmopolitan:
+</p>
+<blockquote>
+ <p>
+   ariel nunez: Bash on windows was only possible last year, after a lot of
+   work by jart and contributors, and now Windows Terminal Preview can use
+   it. I read my logs and last attempt to compile Nix was on August 2023,
+   at that point in time we found out Nix used Boost and that was a blocker
+   at the time.
+ </p>
+</blockquote>
+<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
+ <p>
+   the <strong>cosmopolitan idea</strong> has a lot of potential. i’m
+   uncertain of OS specific traits and how well they map to this POSIX
+   generalization. for instance, when normalizing paths with
+   std::filesystem it is decided on compile time for which platform the
+   paths resolve. cosmopolitan runs on all systems, so std::filesystem
+   would have to make this choice a runtime resolution instead.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+   <strong
+     >but for now i probably follow the john ericson / volth path with
+     MinGW.</strong
+   >
+ </p>
+</div>
+<h2 id="mingw">MinGW</h2>
+<p>
+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MinGW">MinGW</a> cross compiler
+ setup:
+</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   using <code>mingw cross compiler from nixos-wsl</code> to build nix for
+   windows
+ </li>
+ <li>
+   john ericson’s MinGW contributions are ongoing and promising ~early 2024
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
+ <p>
+   the
+   <a href="https://www.mingw-w64.org/" class="uri"
+     >https://www.mingw-w64.org/</a
+   >
+   toolchain is neatly done! in particular we want to use
+   <a href="https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw" class="uri"
+     >https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw</a
+   >
+   instead of gcc/ld.
+ </p>
+ <p>so <strong>lld/clang</strong> will be used:</p>
+ <ul>
+   <li>to build nix</li>
+   <li>nixpkgs toolchain to build c/c++ programs for windows</li>
+ </ul>
+</div>
+<h1 id="libnix-general-roadmap">libnix: general roadmap</h1>
+<p>
+ here is a list of things which need to be done still, see
+ <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/labels/windows" class="uri"
+   >https://github.com/NixOS/nix/labels/windows</a
+ >
+ for detailed tickets.
+</p>
+<h2 id="meson-build-system">1. meson build system</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   in order to build nix on windows natively, we need a build system which
+   is not tied to bash. therefore meson is a good candidate for this and
+   there have been a couple of patches already.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="create-test-suite-for-nix-on-windows">
+ 2. create test suite for nix on windows
+</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>adapt unix specific tests to work on windows</li>
+ <li>
+   write windows specific tests for symlinks / path length / permissions
+   and such
+ </li>
+ <li>
+   run them in <a href="https://winehq.org">wine</a> / docker windows
+   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhGYobuG508" class="uri"
+     >https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhGYobuG508</a
+   >
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="assemble-prototype-windows-bootstrap-system">
+ 3. assemble prototype windows bootstrap system
+</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   make <code>nix</code> evaluate on windows use the store on
+   <code>c:\</code> and
+ </li>
+ <li>
+   get <code>runProgram</code> working to execute tools like
+   <code>git</code> for <code>fetchUrl</code>
+ </li>
+ <li>use third-party built tools from MSYS2 (not built by nix)</li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="build-hello-world-nixpkgs-win">
+ 4. build ‘hello world’ nixpkgs-win
+</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   <p>minimal nixpkgs like abstraction</p>
+   <ul>
+     <li>
+       instead of trying to adapt nixpkgs we should start small with our
+       own <code>stdenv</code> with <code>mingw</code> to show how to use
+       it
+     </li>
+   </ul>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="make-nix-toolchain-build-from-windows">
+ 5. make nix + toolchain build from windows
+</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>use the prototype toolchain to built itself</li>
+ <li>
+   adapt <code>bash</code> and unix favoring build systems into a windows
+   world
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="nix-installer-channel">6. nix installer / channel</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   <p>create an <strong>installer for nix</strong></p>
+   <p>
+     <a
+       href="https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/installation/upgrading"
+       class="uri"
+       >https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/installation/upgrading</a
+     >
+   </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+   <p>create a nix <strong>channel</strong></p>
+   <ul>
+     <li>create a channel for windows</li>
+   </ul>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="cargo-with-nix-support">7. cargo with nix support</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   we start with <code>rust/cargo</code> on linux to make it work with nix
+   as backend, see
+   <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/8699" class="uri"
+     >https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/8699</a
+   >
+   for this
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h1 id="libnix-future-nix-work">libnix: future nix work</h1>
+<p>
+ these items need to be done outside of the
+ <a href="https://nlnet.nl/project/libnix/">libnix</a> funding but are
+ still worth mentioning.
+</p>
+<h2 id="sandboxing">1. sandboxing</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   process isolation in windows, for sandboxing <code>nix-build</code>, see
+   <a
+     href="https://learn.microsoft.com/de-de/virtualization/windowscontainers/manage-containers/hyperv-container#process-isolation"
+     class="uri"
+     >https://learn.microsoft.com/de-de/virtualization/windowscontainers/manage-containers/hyperv-container#process-isolation</a
+   >
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="user-environments-pure-powershell-environment">
+ 2. user environments (pure powershell environment)
+</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   <code>source $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh</code> for
+   powershell
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="nix-daemon-multi-user-mode">3. nix-daemon &amp; multi user mode</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   <p>nix-daemon</p>
+   <ul>
+     <li>calls <code>nix-build</code> (with different UID/GID)</li>
+     <li>
+       windows <strong>unix domain socket support</strong> can be used
+     </li>
+   </ul>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="nixos-module-system-systemd-like-windows-abstraction">
+ 4. nixos module system <code>systemd</code> like windows abstraction
+</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>
+   the nixos module system creates <code>systemd</code> targets on linux
+   and it would be nice if we had something similar for windows, see
+   <a
+     href="https://www.reddit.com/r/selfhosted/comments/8ijs26/systemdlike_to_create_windows_services_from/"
+     >systemd equivalent on windows</a
+   >
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="store-interoperability">5. store interoperability</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>think <code>/nix/store</code> vs. <code>c:\nix\store</code></li>
+ <li>
+   <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/9205" class="uri"
+     >https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/9205</a
+   >
+   - Use std::filesystem::path for Path
+ </li>
+ <li>
+   <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/3197" class="uri"
+     >https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/3197</a
+   >
+   - Encoding store Paths on Windows and Unix
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="usability-documentation">6. usability &amp; documentation</h2>
+<ul>
+ <li>support <code>nix repl</code></li>
+ <li>support <code>man pages</code> in <code>nix build --help</code></li>
+ <li>…</li>
+</ul>
+<h1 id="summary">summary</h1>
+<p>
+ this is a
+ <strong
+   >short summary of libnix topics what we are aiming for till the end of
+   2024</strong
+ >.
+</p>
+<p>
+ additional we think that <strong>llvm-mingw</strong> is a potent toolchain
+ for windows which enables us to use
+ <a href="https://github.com/nixcloud/fixPath">fixPath</a>.
+</p>
+    
+    </div>"#;
+    log::info!("Example1");
+
+    let old_node: Node<()> = parse_html::<()>("").unwrap().unwrap();
+    log::info!("Example2");
+
+    let new_node: Node<()> = raw_html::<()>(new_html);
+    log::info!("Example3");
+
+    let root = dom::create_dom_node(&old_node, ev_callback);
+    log::info!("Example4");
+
+    let root_node = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Some(root)));
+    log::info!("Example5");
+
+    let vdom_patches = vdom::diff(&old_node, &new_node).unwrap();
+    log::debug!("Created {} VDOM patch(es)", vdom_patches.len());
+    log::debug!("Created {:?}", vdom_patches);
+
+    // convert vdom patch to real dom patches
+    let dom_patches = dom::convert_patches(
+        &root_node.borrow().as_ref().unwrap(),
+        &vdom_patches,
+        ev_callback,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    log::debug!("Converted {} DOM patch(es)", dom_patches.len());
+    log::debug!("Converted {:?}", dom_patches);
+
+
+
+    dom::apply_dom_patches(root_node, mount_node, dom_patches).unwrap();
+}
diff --git a/flake.lock b/flake.lock
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d51ed6f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flake.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+  "nodes": {
+    "flake-utils": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "systems": "systems"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1731533236,
+        "narHash": "sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG+r7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "rev": "11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "id": "flake-utils",
+        "type": "indirect"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 0,
+        "narHash": "sha256-edm8WG19kWozJ/GqyYx2VjW99EdhjKwbY3ZwdlPAAlo=",
+        "path": "/nix/store/b309kyd5hrvrrf5z5xbqglmb1hhm8n6p-source",
+        "type": "path"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "id": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "indirect"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs_2": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1736320768,
+        "narHash": "sha256-nIYdTAiKIGnFNugbomgBJR+Xv5F1ZQU+HfaBqJKroC0=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "4bc9c909d9ac828a039f288cf872d16d38185db8",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "root": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
+        "rust-overlay": "rust-overlay"
+      }
+    },
+    "rust-overlay": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1737685583,
+        "narHash": "sha256-p+NVABRpGi+pT+xxf9HcLcFVxG6L+vEEy+NwzB9T0f8=",
+        "owner": "oxalica",
+        "repo": "rust-overlay",
+        "rev": "eb64cbcc8eee0fa87ebded92805280d2ec97415a",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "oxalica",
+        "repo": "rust-overlay",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "systems": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1681028828,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "root": "root",
+  "version": 7
+}
diff --git a/flake.nix b/flake.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64c7f8f0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# please read flake introduction here:
+# https://fasterthanli.me/series/building-a-rust-service-with-nix/part-10#a-flake-with-a-dev-shell
+{
+  description = "The fairsync importer prototype flake";
+  inputs = {
+    rust-overlay.url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
+  };
+  outputs =
+  { self, nixpkgs, flake-utils, rust-overlay }:
+    flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem
+      (system:
+        let
+          overlays = [ (import rust-overlay) ];
+          pkgs = import nixpkgs {
+            inherit system overlays;
+          };
+          rust = pkgs.rust-bin.fromRustupToolchainFile ./rust-toolchain.toml;
+          platform_packages =
+            if pkgs.stdenv.isLinux then
+              with pkgs; [ ]
+            else if pkgs.stdenv.isDarwin then
+              with pkgs.darwin.apple_sdk.frameworks; [
+                CoreFoundation
+                Security
+                SystemConfiguration
+              ]
+            else
+              throw "unsupported platform";
+        in
+        with pkgs;
+        rec {
+          trunk = pkgs.callPackage ./trunk.nix {
+            inherit (darwin.apple_sdk.frameworks) CoreServices Security SystemConfiguration;
+          };
+          #leptosfmt = pkgs.callPackage ./leptosfmt.nix {};
+
+          devShells.default = mkShell {
+            buildInputs = [
+              rust
+              wasm-pack
+              firefox
+              trunk                    # required to bundle the frontend
+              binaryen                 # required to minify WASM files with wasm-opt
+              git
+              pkg-config
+              just                     # task runner
+              #nodejs                   # required to install tailwind plugins
+            ];
+          };
+        }
+      );
+}
diff --git a/rust-toolchain.toml b/rust-toolchain.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a44815df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust-toolchain.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[toolchain]
+channel = "stable"
+targets = [
+  "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl", # used for the backend
+  "wasm32-unknown-unknown"     # used for the frontend
+]
diff --git a/tests/dom_diff_with_events.rs b/tests/dom_diff_with_events.rs
index 7c6d63d51..75bfbfaa5 100644
--- a/tests/dom_diff_with_events.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_diff_with_events.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn nodes_with_event_should_not_recycle() {
         vec![div(vec![class("child")], vec![])],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     log::info!("{:#?}", diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
diff --git a/tests/dom_event_tests.rs b/tests/dom_event_tests.rs
index a3e218c29..8d810124f 100644
--- a/tests/dom_event_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_event_tests.rs
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ fn remove_event() {
         ],
         vec![],
     );
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patch: {:?}", patch);
 
     let input_event = web_sys::InputEvent::new("input").unwrap();
diff --git a/tests/dom_insert_before_after_patches.rs b/tests/dom_insert_before_after_patches.rs
index 09caec9de..0365087a1 100644
--- a/tests/dom_insert_before_after_patches.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_insert_before_after_patches.rs
@@ -16,34 +16,14 @@ fn insert_multiple_before_nodes() {
 
     let document = web_sys::window().unwrap().document().unwrap();
 
-    let old: Node<()> = main(
-        vec![class("before_nodes_test1")],
-        vec![ul(
-            vec![class("todo")],
-            vec![
-                li(vec![key(1)], vec![text("item1")]),
-                li(vec![key(2)], vec![text("item2")]),
-                li(vec![key(3)], vec![text("item3")]),
-            ],
-        )],
-    );
+    let old: Node<()> = raw_html::<()>("<div id=\"there\"></div>");
 
-    let update1: Node<()> = main(
-        vec![class("before_nodes_test1")],
-        vec![ul(
-            vec![class("todo")],
-            vec![
-                li(vec![], vec![text("itemA")]),
-                li(vec![], vec![text("itemB")]),
-                li(vec![], vec![text("itemC")]),
-                li(vec![key(1)], vec![text("item1")]),
-                li(vec![key(2)], vec![text("item2")]),
-                li(vec![key(3)], vec![text("item3")]),
-            ],
-        )],
-    );
+    let update1: Node<()> =
+        raw_html::<()>("<div id=\"there\"><div><div><div><div></div></div></div></div></div>");
+
+    let update2: Node<()> = raw_html::<()>("<div id=\"there\"><b>foo</b></div>");
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -55,24 +35,40 @@ fn insert_multiple_before_nodes() {
         .update_dom_with_vdom(old)
         .expect("must update dom");
 
-    let container = document
-        .query_selector(".before_nodes_test1")
-        .expect("must not error")
-        .expect("must exist");
+    // let container = document
+    //     .query_selector(".before_nodes_test1")
+    //     .expect("must not error")
+    //     .expect("must exist");
 
-    let expected = "<main class=\"before_nodes_test1\"><ul class=\"todo\"><li key=\"1\">item1</li><li key=\"2\">item2</li><li key=\"3\">item3</li></ul></main>";
-    assert_eq!(expected, container.outer_html());
+    // let expected = "<main class=\"before_nodes_test1\"><ul class=\"todo\"><li key=\"1\">item1</li><li key=\"2\">item2</li><li key=\"3\">item3</li></ul></main>";
+    // assert_eq!(expected, container.outer_html());
 
     simple_program
         .update_dom_with_vdom(update1)
         .expect("must not error");
 
-    let container = document
-        .query_selector(".before_nodes_test1")
-        .expect("must not error")
-        .expect("must exist");
+    // let container = document
+    //     .query_selector(".before_nodes_test1")
+    //     .expect("must not error")
+    //     .expect("must exist");
+
+    // let expected1 = "<main class=\"before_nodes_test1\"><ul class=\"todo\"><li>itemA</li><li>itemB</li><li>itemC</li><li key=\"1\">item1</li><li key=\"2\">item2</li><li key=\"3\">item3</li></ul></main>";
+
+    // assert_eq!(expected1, container.outer_html());
+
+    simple_program
+        .update_dom_with_vdom(update2)
+        .expect("must not error");
+
+    //let container = document.body().expect("must not error");
+    let container = document.get_element_by_id("there").unwrap();
+
+    // let container = document
+    //     .query_selector(".before_nodes_test1")
+    //     .expect("must not error")
+    //     .expect("must exist");
 
-    let expected1 = "<main class=\"before_nodes_test1\"><ul class=\"todo\"><li>itemA</li><li>itemB</li><li>itemC</li><li key=\"1\">item1</li><li key=\"2\">item2</li><li key=\"3\">item3</li></ul></main>";
+    let expected1 = "<div id=\"there\"><b>foo</b></div>";
 
     assert_eq!(expected1, container.outer_html());
 }
@@ -111,7 +107,7 @@ fn insert_multiple_after_nodes() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -179,7 +175,7 @@ fn insert_multiple_in_the_middle() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patching old to update1: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_insert_patches.rs b/tests/dom_insert_patches.rs
index 8b97cd69f..8a77bd636 100644
--- a/tests/dom_insert_patches.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_insert_patches.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fn test_patch_insert_node() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ fn test_patch_insert_node_in_the_middle() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ fn multiple_insert_should_work() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_keyed_subsequent_updates.rs b/tests/dom_keyed_subsequent_updates.rs
index c145825fc..8af212370 100644
--- a/tests/dom_keyed_subsequent_updates.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_keyed_subsequent_updates.rs
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ fn subsequent_updates() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let patches1 = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches1 = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
 
     log::trace!("patches1: {:#?} at line: {}", patches1, line!());
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ fn subsequent_updates() {
         let root_node_html = root_node.as_ref().unwrap().outer_html();
         log::trace!("current root node: {}", root_node_html);
     }
-    let patches2 = diff(&update1, &update2);
+    let patches2 = diff(&update1, &update2).unwrap();
     log::trace!("-->patches2: {:#?}", patches2);
 
     log::info!("Updating dom with update2");
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ fn subsequent_updates() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let patches3 = diff(&update2, &update3);
+    let patches3 = diff(&update2, &update3).unwrap();
     log::trace!("\n---->patches3: {:#?}", patches3);
 
     simple_program
diff --git a/tests/dom_node_event_recycling.rs b/tests/dom_node_event_recycling.rs
index d0dfcfb7e..659e0acca 100644
--- a/tests/dom_node_event_recycling.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_node_event_recycling.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn elements_with_different_event_should_not_be_recycle() {
     log::info!("cb2: {:#?}", cb2);
     let new = input(vec![id(elem_id), cb2.clone()], vec![]);
 
-    let patches: Vec<Patch<()>> = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patches: Vec<Patch<()>> = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     // FIXME: this should replace the old node with a new one since the even essentially is a new
     // one. But we have no way of knowing the closure will produce the same result of not
     log::trace!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
diff --git a/tests/dom_passing_reordered_keyed_node.rs b/tests/dom_passing_reordered_keyed_node.rs
index 730f62261..5e51b8e48 100644
--- a/tests/dom_passing_reordered_keyed_node.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_passing_reordered_keyed_node.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ fn reordered_keys2() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ fn reordered_keys3() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_patches_keyed.rs b/tests/dom_patches_keyed.rs
index d62c27aa8..9e71bbe3a 100644
--- a/tests/dom_patches_keyed.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_patches_keyed.rs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ fn node_patched_properly() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
     let mut old_html = String::new();
     old.render(&mut old_html).expect("must render");
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ fn node_patched_properly_remove_from_start() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
 
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ fn node_patched_properly_text_changed() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ fn mixed_keyed_and_non_keyed_elements() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_patches_text_node.rs b/tests/dom_patches_text_node.rs
index 690553d33..96c2b8e30 100644
--- a/tests/dom_patches_text_node.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_patches_text_node.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn patches_text() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_remove_node_patches.rs b/tests/dom_remove_node_patches.rs
index 2862a2e11..af116c011 100644
--- a/tests/dom_remove_node_patches.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_remove_node_patches.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ fn test_remove_nodes() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_reordered_keyed_nodes.rs b/tests/dom_reordered_keyed_nodes.rs
index dc346ae62..8332eca2b 100644
--- a/tests/dom_reordered_keyed_nodes.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_reordered_keyed_nodes.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn failing_reordered_keys() {
     // The patch was:
     //  append key1, item1
     //  remove nodeidx: 2, [0,0,0]
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_replace_node_patches.rs b/tests/dom_replace_node_patches.rs
index b56e43066..879239927 100644
--- a/tests/dom_replace_node_patches.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_replace_node_patches.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ fn test_multiple_replace() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ fn test_multiple_replace_and_parent_is_replaced_too() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_safe_html.rs b/tests/dom_safe_html.rs
index 8aeabdd7f..9baf2bad4 100644
--- a/tests/dom_safe_html.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_safe_html.rs
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ use wasm_bindgen_test::*;
 
 mod test_fixtures;
 
-#[test]
-fn simple() {
-    let html: Node<()> = ul(
-        [],
-        [parse_html("<li>Hi</li><li>Hello</li>").unwrap().unwrap()],
-    );
-    let expected = "<ul><li>Hi</li><li>Hello</li></ul>";
-    assert_eq!(html.render_to_string(), expected);
-}
+// #[test]
+// fn simple() {
+//     let html: Node<()> = ul(
+//         [],
+//         [parse_html("<li>Hi</li><li>Hello</li>").unwrap().unwrap()],
+//     );
+//     let expected = "<ul><li>Hi</li><li>Hello</li></ul>";
+//     assert_eq!(html.render_to_string(), expected);
+// }
 
 wasm_bindgen_test_configure!(run_in_browser);
 
diff --git a/tests/dom_swap_nodes.rs b/tests/dom_swap_nodes.rs
index 330d7608c..d580b90fa 100644
--- a/tests/dom_swap_nodes.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_swap_nodes.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ fn swap_rows_non_keyed() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ fn swap_rows_keyed() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ fn swap_1_and_8() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     let mut old_html = String::new();
diff --git a/tests/dom_test_update.rs b/tests/dom_test_update.rs
index ef89ca28b..3c85a68d4 100644
--- a/tests/dom_test_update.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_test_update.rs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ fn test1() {
      </div>
     );
 
-    let patch = diff(&current_dom, &target_dom);
+    let patch = diff(&current_dom, &target_dom).unwrap();
 
     log::trace!("test update here..");
     log::debug!("patches: {:#?}", patch);
diff --git a/tests/dom_updates_target_dom.rs b/tests/dom_updates_target_dom.rs
index 4ed8324e5..75189d9ac 100644
--- a/tests/dom_updates_target_dom.rs
+++ b/tests/dom_updates_target_dom.rs
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ fn multiple_match_on_keyed_elements() {
     </div>
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&current_dom, &target_dom);
+    let patches = diff(&current_dom, &target_dom).unwrap();
     log::trace!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
 
     log::trace!("current_dom: {}", current_dom.render_to_string());
diff --git a/tests/dom_vdom_standalone.rs b/tests/dom_vdom_standalone.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5cd6b454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/dom_vdom_standalone.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
+use wasm_bindgen_test::*;
+
+use sauron_core::{
+    dom::{self, DomNode},
+    prelude::Node,
+    vdom,
+};
+use sauron_html_parser::{parse_html, raw_html};
+
+use web_sys::{Element, HtmlElement};
+
+wasm_bindgen_test_configure!(run_in_browser);
+
+// Verify that our DomUpdater's patch method works.
+// We test a simple case here, since diff_patch.rs is responsible for testing more complex
+// diffing and patching.
+#[wasm_bindgen_test]
+fn test_dom_vdom_standalone() {
+    console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Trace).ok();
+    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+
+    let window = web_sys::window().expect("no global `window` exists");
+    let document = window.document().expect("should have a document on window");
+
+    let div: Element = document.create_element("div").unwrap();
+    div.set_attribute("id", "here").unwrap();
+    document.body().unwrap().append_child(&div).unwrap();
+
+    let web_sys_node: web_sys::Node = web_sys::Node::from(div);
+    let div_domnode = DomNode::from(web_sys_node);
+
+    let new_html = r#"
+    <div>boak</div>
+    "#;
+
+    let old_node: Node<()> = parse_html::<()>("").unwrap().unwrap();
+    let new_node: Node<()> = raw_html::<()>(new_html);
+
+    let vdom_patches = vdom::diff(&old_node, &new_node).unwrap();
+    log::debug!("Created {} VDOM patch(es)", vdom_patches.len());
+    log::debug!("Created {:?}", vdom_patches);
+
+    let ev_callback = |_| {};
+    let root: DomNode = dom::create_dom_node(&old_node, ev_callback);
+    let root_node: Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Some(root)));
+
+    let dom_patches = dom::convert_patches(
+        &root_node.borrow().as_ref().unwrap(),
+        &vdom_patches,
+        ev_callback,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    log::debug!("Converted {} DOM patch(es)", dom_patches.len());
+    log::debug!("Converted {:?}", dom_patches);
+
+    let mount_node: Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Some(div_domnode)));
+    dom::apply_dom_patches(root_node, mount_node, dom_patches).unwrap();
+
+    let target: Element = document.get_element_by_id("here").unwrap();
+    let html_content: String = target.inner_html();
+    assert_eq!("<div>boak</div>".to_string(), html_content);
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct DomUpdater {
+    id: String,
+    current_vdom: Node<()>,
+    root_node: Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>>,
+    mount_node: Rc<RefCell<Option<DomNode>>>,
+}
+
+impl DomUpdater {
+    fn new(id: String) -> Self {
+        let window = web_sys::window().expect("no global `window` exists");
+        let document = window.document().expect("should have a document on window");
+
+        let div: web_sys::Element = document.create_element("div").unwrap();
+        div.set_attribute("id", id.as_str()).unwrap();
+        document.body().unwrap().append_child(&div).unwrap();
+
+        let web_sys_node: web_sys::Node = web_sys::Node::from(div);
+        let div_node = DomNode::from(web_sys_node);
+
+        let current_vdom: Node<()> = parse_html::<()>("").unwrap().unwrap();
+        let ev_callback = |_| {};
+        let root: DomNode = dom::create_dom_node(&current_vdom, ev_callback);
+
+        DomUpdater {
+            id,
+            current_vdom,
+            root_node: Rc::new(RefCell::new(Some(root))),
+            mount_node: Rc::new(RefCell::new(Some(div_node))),
+        }
+    }
+    fn update(&mut self, next_html: String) {
+        let new_node: Node<()> = raw_html::<()>(next_html.as_str());
+
+        let old_vdom = self.current_vdom.clone();
+
+        log::debug!("-------------------------------------------------");
+        log::debug!("old_node: {}", old_vdom.render_to_string());
+        log::debug!("inner_html: {}", self.inner_html());
+        fn same(a: String, b: String) -> String {
+            if a == b {
+                "same".to_string()
+            } else {
+                "different".to_string()
+            }
+        }
+        log::debug!(
+            "   => {}",
+            same(old_vdom.render_to_string(), self.inner_html())
+        );
+        log::debug!("new_node: {}", new_node.render_to_string());
+        log::debug!("new_node: {:#?}", new_node);
+
+        let vdom_patches = vdom::diff(&old_vdom, &new_node).unwrap();
+
+        log::debug!("Created {} VDOM patch(es)", vdom_patches.len());
+        log::debug!("Created {:#?}", vdom_patches);
+        let dom_patches = dom::convert_patches(
+            self.root_node.borrow().as_ref().unwrap(),
+            &vdom_patches,
+            |_| {},
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        log::debug!("Converted {} DOM patch(es)", dom_patches.len());
+        log::debug!("Converted {:#?}", dom_patches);
+        log::debug!("-------------------------------------------------");
+        dom::apply_dom_patches(
+            Rc::clone(&self.root_node),
+            Rc::clone(&self.mount_node),
+            dom_patches,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        self.current_vdom = new_node.clone();
+
+        //assert_eq!(next_html, self.inner_html());
+    }
+    fn inner_html(&self) -> String {
+        let window = web_sys::window().expect("no global `window` exists");
+        let document = window.document().expect("should have a document on window");
+        let target: Element = document.get_element_by_id(self.id.as_str()).unwrap();
+        target.inner_html()
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen_test]
+fn test_dom_vdom_patcher() {
+    console_log::init_with_level(log::Level::Trace).ok();
+    console_error_panic_hook::set_once();
+    let id: String = "there".to_string();
+
+    let mut dom_updater: DomUpdater = DomUpdater::new(id.clone());
+
+    let html: String = r#"<div id="there"></div>"#.to_string();
+    dom_updater.update(html.clone());
+    assert_eq!(html.to_string(), dom_updater.inner_html());
+
+    let html = r#"<div id="there"><div>foo</div></div>"#.to_string();
+    dom_updater.update(html.clone());
+    assert_eq!(html, dom_updater.inner_html());
+
+    let html: String = r#"<div id="there"><b>foo</b></div>"#.to_string();
+    dom_updater.update(html.clone());
+    assert_eq!(html, dom_updater.inner_html());
+    
+    // let html: String = r#"<div id="there"><img src="posts/libnix/Nix_snowflake_windows.svg" class="noFancy" style="float: right;" width="200px"></div>"#.to_string();
+    // dom_updater.update(html.clone());
+    // assert_eq!(html, dom_updater.inner_html());
+
+}
diff --git a/tests/html_diff_classes.rs b/tests/html_diff_classes.rs
index 684681f21..254b77ee2 100644
--- a/tests/html_diff_classes.rs
+++ b/tests/html_diff_classes.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ fn class_with_bool_value() {
 
     let new = div(vec![class(true)], vec![]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn parent_of_matching_keyed_are_ignored() {
         ],
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"ul",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
diff --git a/tests/html_diff_patch_test.rs b/tests/html_diff_patch_test.rs
index 056d148c3..f190d729b 100644
--- a/tests/html_diff_patch_test.rs
+++ b/tests/html_diff_patch_test.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ fn nodes_with_event_must_be_replaced() {
         ],
         vec![],
     );
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     println!("patch: {:#?}", patch);
 
     assert_eq!(
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ fn change_class_attribute() {
 
     let new = div(vec![classes(["class1", "difference_class"])], vec![]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fn truncate_children() {
         ],
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        dbg!(diff(&old, &new)),
+        dbg!(diff(&old, &new)).unwrap(),
         vec![
             Patch::remove_node(Some(&"div"), TreePath::new(vec![3]),),
             Patch::remove_node(Some(&"div"), TreePath::new(vec![4]),),
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ fn truncate_children_different_attributes() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
 
     assert_eq!(
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ fn replace_node2() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![b(vec![], vec![text("1")]), b(vec![], vec![])]);
     let new = div(vec![], vec![i(vec![], vec![text("1")]), i(vec![], vec![])]);
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
     assert_eq!(
         patch,
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ fn remove_nodes1() {
     let new = div(vec![], vec![]); //{ <div> </div> },
 
     assert_eq!(
-        dbg!(diff(&old, &new)),
+        dbg!(diff(&old, &new).unwrap()),
         vec![Patch::clear_children(Some(&"div"), TreePath::new(vec![]),),],
         "Remove all child nodes at and after child sibling index 1",
     );
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ fn remove_nodes2() {
     let new: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![span(vec![], vec![b(vec![], vec![])])]);
 
     assert_eq!(
-        dbg!(diff(&old, &new)),
+        dbg!(diff(&old, &new).unwrap()),
         vec![
             Patch::remove_node(Some(&"i"), TreePath::new(vec![0, 1]),),
             Patch::remove_node(Some(&"strong"), TreePath::new(vec![1]),),
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ fn remove_nodes3() {
         vec![b(vec![], vec![i(vec![], vec![])]), i(vec![], vec![])],
     ); //{ <div> <b> <i></i> </b> <i></i> </div>},
     assert_eq!(
-        dbg!(diff(&old, &new)),
+        dbg!(diff(&old, &new).unwrap()),
         vec![
             Patch::remove_node(Some(&"i"), TreePath::new(vec![0, 1]),),
             Patch::replace_node(Some(&"b"), TreePath::new(vec![1]), vec![&i(vec![], vec![])]),
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ fn add_attributes() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![]); //{ <div> </div> },
     let new = div(vec![id("hello")], vec![]); //{ <div id="hello"> </div> },
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ fn add_attributes() {
     let new = div(vec![id("hello")], vec![]); //{ <div id="hello"> </div> },
 
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ fn add_style_attributes() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![style!("display": "block")], vec![]);
     let new = div(vec![style!("display": "none")], vec![]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ fn add_style_attributes_1_change() {
         vec![],
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ fn add_style_attributes_no_changes() {
         vec![styles([("display", "block"), ("position", "absolute")])],
         vec![],
     );
-    assert_eq!(diff(&old, &new), vec![],);
+    assert_eq!(diff(&old, &new).unwrap(), vec![],);
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ fn remove_style_attributes() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![style!("display": "block")], vec![]);
     let new = div(vec![], vec![]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::remove_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ fn remove_events_will_become_replace_node() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![event1.clone()], vec![]);
     let new = div(vec![], vec![]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::remove_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ fn text_changed_in_keyed_elements() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
     assert_eq!(
         patch,
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ fn multiple_style_calls() {
         ],
         vec![],
     );
-    let patches = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     println!("patches: {:#?}", patches);
     assert_eq!(
         patches,
diff --git a/tests/html_parser_test.rs b/tests/html_parser_test.rs
index 8fcd76f1e..48e2949ea 100644
--- a/tests/html_parser_test.rs
+++ b/tests/html_parser_test.rs
@@ -12,22 +12,23 @@ fn should_match_tags() {
     );
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_html_child() {
-    let html = r#"<article class="side-to-side">
-    <div>
-        This is div content1
-    </div>
-    <footer>
-        This is footer
-    </footer>
-</article>"#;
-    let expected = "<article class=\"side-to-side\"><div>\n        This is div content1\n    </div><footer>\n        This is footer\n    </footer></article>";
-    let node: Node<()> = parse_html(html).ok().flatten().expect("must parse");
-    println!("node: {:#?}", node);
-    println!("render: {}", node.render_to_string());
-    assert_eq!(expected, node.render_to_string());
-}
+// #[test]
+// fn test_html_child() {
+//     let html = r#"<article class="side-to-side">
+//     <div>
+//         This is div content1
+//     </div>
+//     <footer>
+//         This is footer
+//     </footer>
+// </article>"#;
+//     let expected = "<article class=\"side-to-side\"><div>\n        This is div content1\n    </div><footer>\n        This is footer\n    </footer></article>";
+ 
+//     let node: Node<()> = parse_html(html).ok().flatten().expect("must parse");
+//     println!("node: {:#?}", node);
+//     println!("render: {}", node.render_to_string());
+//     assert_eq!(expected, node.render_to_string());
+// }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_node_list() {
@@ -41,3 +42,112 @@ fn test_node_list() {
     println!("render: {}", node.render_to_string());
     assert_eq!(expected, node.render_to_string());
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_inline_style() {
+    let html = r#"<div id="there"><img src="posts/libnix/Nix_snowflake_windows.svg" class="noFancy" style="float: right;" width="200px"/></div>"#;
+    let expected = r#"<div id="there"><img src="posts/libnix/Nix_snowflake_windows.svg" class="noFancy" style="float:right;" width="200px"/></div>"#;
+    let node: Node<()> = parse_html(html).ok().flatten().expect("must parse");
+    println!("node: {:#?}", node);
+    println!("render: {}", node.render_to_string());
+    assert_eq!(expected, node.render_to_string());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_pre_code() {
+    let html =  
+r#"<div><p> test </p>
+<pre><code><p>foo1</p>
+  <p>foo2</p><p>foo3</p>
+  3</code></pre></div>"#;
+let expected = 
+r#"<div><p> test </p>
+<!--separator--><pre><code><p>foo1</p>
+  <p>foo2</p><p>foo3</p>
+  3</code></pre></div>"#;
+
+    let node: Node<()> = parse_html(html).ok().flatten().expect("must parse");
+    //println!("-------------------------------");
+    //println!("node: \n{:#?}", node);
+    //println!("-------------------------------");
+    //println!("html: \n{}", html);
+    //println!("-------------------------------");
+    //println!("render_to_string: \n{}", node.render_to_string());
+    //println!("-------------------------------");
+    //println!("render_to_string_pretty: \n{}", node.render_to_string_pretty());
+    //println!("-------------------------------");
+    assert_eq!(expected, node.render_to_string());
+    //assert_eq!(1,2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_pre_code3() {
+    let html = r#"<div><p> test </p><pre><code>
+0
+  1
+  2
+3
+</code></pre>
+</div>"#;
+let expected = r#"<div><p> test </p><pre><code>
+0
+  1
+  2
+3
+</code></pre><!--separator-->
+</div>"#;
+
+    let node: Node<()> = parse_html(html).ok().flatten().expect("must parse");
+    //println!("node: {:#?}", node);
+    println!("html: {}", html);
+    println!("render: {}", node.render_to_string());
+    assert_eq!(expected, node.render_to_string());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_pre_code3_paragraphs_mix() {
+  let html = r#"<div><p> test </p><pre><code>
+  0
+  <p>1</p>
+  2
+<p>3</p>
+  4
+</code></pre>
+</div>"#;
+  let expected = r#"<div><p> test </p><pre><code>
+  0
+  <p>1</p>
+  2
+<p>3</p>
+  4
+</code></pre><!--separator-->
+</div>"#;
+
+    let node: Node<()> = parse_html(html).ok().flatten().expect("must parse");
+    //println!("node: {:#?}", node);
+    println!("html: {}", html);
+    println!("render: {}", node.render_to_string());
+    assert_eq!(expected, node.render_to_string());
+    // right "<div><p> test </p><pre><code>\n  0\n  <p>1</p><p>2</p><p>3</p></code></pre></div>"
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_pre_code_2() {
+    let html = r#"<pre><code>
+<span>asdf</span>
+  <span>asdf</span>
+  <span>asdf</span>
+</code></pre>"#;
+let expected = r#"<pre><code>
+<span>asdf</span>
+  <span>asdf</span>
+  <span>asdf</span>
+</code></pre>"#;
+
+    let node: Node<()> = parse_html(html).ok().flatten().expect("must parse");
+    //println!("node: {:#?}", node);
+    println!("html: {}", html);
+    println!("render: {}", node.render_to_string());
+    // right is: "<pre><code><span>asdf</span><span>asdf</span><span>asdf</span></code></pre>"
+    assert_eq!(expected, node.render_to_string());
+}
diff --git a/tests/html_right_next_text_siblings.rs b/tests/html_right_next_text_siblings.rs
index f05b112d6..c960e31ef 100644
--- a/tests/html_right_next_text_siblings.rs
+++ b/tests/html_right_next_text_siblings.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ fn comments_next_to_each_other() {
     );
     let new: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![comment("hello"), comment("world")]);
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     println!("patch: {:#?}", patch);
     assert_eq!(
         patch,
diff --git a/tests/html_skip_criteria_test.rs b/tests/html_skip_criteria_test.rs
index 1879152e1..b43a3b6fd 100644
--- a/tests/html_skip_criteria_test.rs
+++ b/tests/html_skip_criteria_test.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ fn must_skip_diff() {
     let old: Node<()> = div([skip_criteria("line1")], [text("old here")]);
     let new: Node<()> = div([skip_criteria("line1")], [text("new here")]);
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
     assert_eq!(patch, vec![]);
 }
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ fn must_skip_diff_2() {
     let old: Node<()> = div([skip_criteria(1000)], [text("Regardless of")]);
     let new: Node<()> = div([skip_criteria(1000)], [text("the difference here")]);
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
     assert_eq!(patch, vec![]);
 }
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ fn must_diff() {
     let old: Node<()> = div([skip_criteria(1000)], [text("Regardless of")]);
     let new: Node<()> = div([skip_criteria(1001)], [text("the difference here")]);
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
     assert_eq!(
         patch,
diff --git a/tests/html_style_change.rs b/tests/html_style_change.rs
index ae442f5d5..edee30b63 100644
--- a/tests/html_style_change.rs
+++ b/tests/html_style_change.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fn style_calcd_changed() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let patches: Vec<Patch<&'static str>> = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patches: Vec<Patch<&'static str>> = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     let styl = style! {width: format!("calc(50% + {}", px(200))};
     let expected: Vec<Patch<&'static str>> =
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(&"div", TreePath::new([]), [&styl])];
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ fn style_calcd_changed_with_event() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let patches: Vec<Patch<()>> = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patches: Vec<Patch<()>> = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     let styl = style! {width: format!("calc(50% + {}", px(200))};
     let expected: Vec<Patch<()>> = vec![Patch::add_attributes(&"div", TreePath::new([]), [&styl])];
     assert_eq!(expected, patches);
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ fn app_editor_width_allocation_bug() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let patches: Vec<Patch<()>> = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patches: Vec<Patch<()>> = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     let styl_1 = style! {width: format!("calc(50% + {}", px(200))};
     let styl_2 = style! {width: format!("calc(50% - {}", px(200))};
     let expected: Vec<Patch<()>> = vec![
diff --git a/tests/html_test.rs b/tests/html_test.rs
index c51f286e9..7230e2dff 100644
--- a/tests/html_test.rs
+++ b/tests/html_test.rs
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ fn replace_node() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![]);
     let new: Node<()> = span(vec![], vec![]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::replace_node(
             Some(&"div"),
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ fn replace_node() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![b(vec![], vec![])]);
     let new: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![strong(vec![], vec![])]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::replace_node(
             Some(&"b"),
             TreePath::new(vec![0]),
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ fn replace_node() {
 
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![b(vec![], vec![text("1")]), b(vec![], vec![])]);
     let new: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![i(vec![], vec![text("1")]), i(vec![], vec![])]);
-    let patch = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&patch);
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ fn add_children() {
         ],
     ); //{ <div> <b></b> <new></new> </div> },
     assert_eq!(
-        dbg!(diff(&old, &new)),
+        dbg!(diff(&old, &new).unwrap()),
         vec![Patch::append_children(
             Some(&"div"),
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ fn add_attributes() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![], vec![]);
     let new = div(vec![id("hello")], vec![]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ fn add_attributes() {
     let new = div(vec![id("hello")], vec![]);
 
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ fn remove_attributes() {
     let old: Node<()> = div(vec![id("hey-there")], vec![]);
     let new = div(vec![], vec![]);
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::remove_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ fn change_attribute() {
     let new = div(vec![id("changed")], vec![]);
 
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
             &"div",
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ fn replace_text_node() {
     let new = text("New"); //{ New },
 
     assert_eq!(
-        diff(&old, &new),
+        diff(&old, &new).unwrap(),
         vec![Patch::replace_node(
             None,
             TreePath::new(vec![]),
diff --git a/tests/vdom_class_test.rs b/tests/vdom_class_test.rs
index 09df7641a..c0a72c7d6 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_class_test.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_class_test.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ fn class_changed() {
         vec![leaf("Content of class")],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ fn parent_of_matching_keyed_are_ignored() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &new);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     assert_eq!(
         patches,
diff --git a/tests/vdom_diff_keyed_test.rs b/tests/vdom_diff_keyed_test.rs
index f869566e7..7dba048f4 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_diff_keyed_test.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_diff_keyed_test.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ fn keyed_no_changed() {
         vec![element("div", vec![attr("key", "1")], vec![])],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(diff, vec![]);
 }
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ fn key_1_removed_at_start() {
         vec![element("div", vec![attr("key", "2")], vec![])],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::remove_node(Some(&"div"), TreePath::new(vec![0]))]
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ fn non_unique_keys_matched_at_old() {
         vec![element("div", vec![attr("key", "2")], vec![])],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::remove_node(Some(&"div"), TreePath::new(vec![1]))]
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ fn key_2_removed_at_the_end() {
         vec![element("div", vec![attr("key", "1")], vec![])],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::remove_node(Some(&"div"), TreePath::new(vec![1]),)]
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ fn key_2_removed_at_the_middle() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::remove_node(Some(&"div"), TreePath::new(vec![1]))]
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ fn there_are_2_exact_same_keys_in_the_old() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ fn there_are_2_exact_same_keys_in_the_new() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ fn there_are_2_exact_same_keys_in_both_old_and_new() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ fn key_2_inserted_at_start() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
 
     assert_eq!(
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ fn keyed_element_not_reused() {
         vec![element("div", vec![attr("key", "2")], vec![])],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
 
     assert_eq!(
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ fn key_2_inserted_at_the_end() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ fn test_append_at_sub_level() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ fn key_2_inserted_in_the_middle() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ fn key1_removed_at_start_then_key2_has_additional_attributes() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     // we add attrubutes at node index 2, and this will become a node index 1
     assert_eq!(
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ fn deep_nested_key1_removed_at_start_then_key2_has_additional_attributes() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ fn deep_nested_more_children_key0_and_key1_removed_at_start_then_key2_has_additi
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ fn deep_nested_keyed_with_non_keyed_children() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ fn text_changed_in_keyed_elements() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
 
     assert_eq!(
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ fn text_changed_in_mixed_keyed_and_non_keyed_elements() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
     assert_eq!(
         patch,
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ fn test12() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let patch = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patch = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
     dbg!(&patch);
     assert_eq!(
         patch,
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ fn remove_first() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
diff --git a/tests/vdom_diff_mixed.rs b/tests/vdom_diff_mixed.rs
index 526bd53f8..4b00346ab 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_diff_mixed.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_diff_mixed.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fn mixed_key_and_no_key_with_no_change() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(diff, vec![]);
 }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ fn mixed_key_and_no_key_with_2_matched() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ fn mixed_key_and_no_key_with_misordered_2_matched() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
 
     assert_eq!(
diff --git a/tests/vdom_diff_node_list.rs b/tests/vdom_diff_node_list.rs
index c633e7312..78c10db3f 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_diff_node_list.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_diff_node_list.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ fn test_node_list() {
 
     println!("old: {:#?}", old);
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::remove_node(Some(&"li"), TreePath::new(vec![2]),)],
diff --git a/tests/vdom_diff_skip_and_replace.rs b/tests/vdom_diff_skip_and_replace.rs
index 30ba51c8f..a6fa7bfc3 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_diff_skip_and_replace.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_diff_skip_and_replace.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ fn force_replace() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::replace_node(
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn force_skip() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(diff, vec![],);
 }
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ fn skip_in_attribute() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(diff, vec![],);
 }
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ fn replace_true_in_attribute_must_replace_old_node_regardless() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::replace_node(
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ fn replace_and_skip_in_sub_nodes() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::replace_node(
diff --git a/tests/vdom_diff_tests.rs b/tests/vdom_diff_tests.rs
index dda156b0f..7addcafe3 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_diff_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_diff_tests.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ fn test_replace_node() {
     let old: Node<()> = element("div", vec![], vec![]);
     let new = element("span", vec![], vec![]);
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::replace_node(
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fn test_replace_text_node() {
     let old: Node<()> = leaf("hello");
     let new = element("span", vec![], vec![]);
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::replace_node(None, TreePath::new(vec![]), vec![&new])],
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ fn test_replace_node_in_child() {
     let old: Node<()> = element("main", vec![], vec![element("div", vec![], vec![])]);
     let new = element("main", vec![], vec![element("span", vec![], vec![])]);
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::replace_node(
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ fn test_205() {
         ],
     ); //{ <div> <b> <i></i> </b> <i></i> </div>},
     assert_eq!(
-        dbg!(diff(&old, &new)),
+        dbg!(diff(&old, &new).unwrap()),
         vec![
             Patch::remove_node(Some(&"i"), TreePath::new(vec![0, 1]),),
             Patch::replace_node(
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ fn test_no_changed() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(diff, vec![])
 }
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ fn test_attribute_order_changed() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(diff, vec![])
 }
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ fn test_class_changed() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ fn leaf_node_changed() {
         vec![leaf("text2")],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ fn test_class_will_not_be_merged_on_different_calls() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_ne!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ fn test_class_removed() {
 
     let new = element("div", vec![attr("id", "some-id")], vec![]);
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::remove_attributes(
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ fn test_multiple_calls_to_style() {
         vec![],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ fn inner_html_func_calls() {
 
     let new: Node<()> = element("div", vec![attr("inner_html", "<h1>Hello</h2>")], vec![]);
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::add_attributes(
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ fn test_append() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::append_children(
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ fn test_append_more() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::append_children(
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ fn test_append_at_sub_level() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
diff --git a/tests/vdom_fragment_test.rs b/tests/vdom_fragment_test.rs
index 49f399cce..81fc7d6a4 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_fragment_test.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_fragment_test.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ fn using_fragments() {
         element("div", vec![attr("key", "9")], vec![leaf("line9")]),
     ]);
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::insert_before_node(
diff --git a/tests/vdom_insert_patches.rs b/tests/vdom_insert_patches.rs
index f9923001e..b6e546aae 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_insert_patches.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_insert_patches.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn insert_on_deep_level_keyed() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ fn insert_on_deep_multi_level_level_keyed() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ fn insert_on_deep_multi_level_keyed_non_keyed_keyed() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ fn insert_on_deep_level_non_keyed_container() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
diff --git a/tests/vdom_massive_keyed.rs b/tests/vdom_massive_keyed.rs
index 836ff1029..d097e8d32 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_massive_keyed.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_massive_keyed.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ fn key_inserted_at_start() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
         vec![Patch::insert_before_node(
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ fn key_inserted_at_middle() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
 
     assert_eq!(
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ fn wrapped_elements() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ fn text_changed() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ fn text_changed_non_keyed() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
 
     assert_eq!(
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ fn insert_one_line_at_start() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
     assert_eq!(
         diff,
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ fn insert_two_lines_at_start() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
 
     assert_eq!(
diff --git a/tests/vdom_rearranged_keyed_nodes.rs b/tests/vdom_rearranged_keyed_nodes.rs
index 0ae0bc4da..24fc70f69 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_rearranged_keyed_nodes.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_rearranged_keyed_nodes.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fn text_changed_keyed() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
     dbg!(&diff);
 
     assert_eq!(
diff --git a/tests/vdom_replace_node_patches.rs b/tests/vdom_replace_node_patches.rs
index 2800221ea..2974188e6 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_replace_node_patches.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_replace_node_patches.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ fn test_multiple_replace() {
         )],
     );
 
-    let patches = diff(&old, &update1);
+    let patches = diff(&old, &update1).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&patches);
 
diff --git a/tests/vdom_swap_rows.rs b/tests/vdom_swap_rows.rs
index 3479cfbb9..11df09df0 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_swap_rows.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_swap_rows.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn swap_999() {
         }),
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn swap_rows_non_keyed() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ fn move_key_2_to_after_node_index_6() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ fn move_key_7_to_before_node_index_1() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ fn swap_rows_keyed() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ fn swap_rows_keyed_6_items() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ fn swap_rows_keyed_5_items() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
diff --git a/tests/vdom_test_diff_lis.rs b/tests/vdom_test_diff_lis.rs
index a63aa6432..e1c1a2d9e 100644
--- a/tests/vdom_test_diff_lis.rs
+++ b/tests/vdom_test_diff_lis.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fn key_lis_1_to_9() {
         ],
     );
 
-    let diff = diff(&old, &new);
+    let diff = diff(&old, &new).unwrap();
 
     dbg!(&diff);
 
diff --git a/trunk.nix b/trunk.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec598ea93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trunk.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{ lib, stdenv, rustPlatform, fetchFromGitHub, pkg-config, openssl, libiconv,
+  CoreServices, Security, SystemConfiguration
+}:
+
+rustPlatform.buildRustPackage rec {
+  pname = "trunk";
+  version = "0.21.4";
+
+  src = fetchFromGitHub {
+    owner = "trunk-rs";
+    repo = "trunk";
+    rev = "v${version}";
+    sha256 = "sha256-tU0Xob0dS1+rrfRVitwOe0K1AG05LHlGPHhFL0yOjxM=";
+  };
+
+  nativeBuildInputs = [ pkg-config ];
+  buildInputs = if stdenv.isDarwin
+    then [ libiconv CoreServices Security SystemConfiguration]
+    else [ openssl ];
+
+  # requires network
+  checkFlags = [ "--skip=tools::tests::download_and_install_binaries" ];
+
+  cargoHash = "sha256-iuxACtr91qWzojKWaieAd6kk/q9j5JSD1Fa50oCKogA=";
+
+  postConfigure = ''
+    cargo metadata --offline
+  '';
+
+  meta = with lib; {
+    homepage = "https://github.com/trunk-rs/trunk";
+    description = "Build, bundle & ship your Rust WASM application to the web";
+    maintainers = with maintainers; [ freezeboy flosse ];
+    license = with licenses; [ asl20 ];
+  };
+}