diff --git a/.eslintrc.yml b/.eslintrc.yml
index cf3015f..d464944 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.yml
+++ b/.eslintrc.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ extends:
   - plugin:markdown/recommended
 plugins:
   - markdown
+parserOptions:
+  ecmaVersion: 2021
 overrides:
   - files: '**/*.md'
     processor: 'markdown/markdown'
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index 08458b3..d1e313a 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -15,19 +15,18 @@ module.exports = contentDisposition
 module.exports.parse = parse
 
 /**
- * RegExp to match non attr-char, *after* encodeURIComponent (i.e. not including "%")
+ * TextDecoder instance for UTF-8 decoding when decodeURIComponent fails due to invalid byte sequences.
+ * @type {TextDecoder}
  * @private
  */
-
-var ENCODE_URL_ATTR_CHAR_REGEXP = /[\x00-\x20"'()*,/:;<=>?@[\\\]{}\x7f]/g // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
+const utf8Decoder = new TextDecoder('utf-8')
 
 /**
- * RegExp to match percent encoding escape.
+ * RegExp to match non attr-char, *after* encodeURIComponent (i.e. not including "%")
  * @private
  */
 
-var HEX_ESCAPE_REGEXP = /%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2}/
-var HEX_ESCAPE_REPLACE_REGEXP = /%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/g
+var ENCODE_URL_ATTR_CHAR_REGEXP = /[\x00-\x20"'()*,/:;<=>?@[\\\]{}\x7f]/g // eslint-disable-line no-control-regex
 
 /**
  * RegExp to match non-latin1 characters.
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ function createparams (filename, fallback) {
   var hasFallback = typeof fallbackName === 'string' && fallbackName !== name
 
   // set extended filename parameter
-  if (hasFallback || !isQuotedString || HEX_ESCAPE_REGEXP.test(name)) {
+  if (hasFallback || !isQuotedString || hasHexEscape(name)) {
     params['filename*'] = name
   }
 
@@ -255,32 +254,41 @@ function format (obj) {
  */
 
 function decodefield (str) {
-  var match = EXT_VALUE_REGEXP.exec(str)
+  const match = EXT_VALUE_REGEXP.exec(str)
 
   if (!match) {
     throw new TypeError('invalid extended field value')
   }
 
-  var charset = match[1].toLowerCase()
-  var encoded = match[2]
-  var value
-
-  // to binary string
-  var binary = encoded.replace(HEX_ESCAPE_REPLACE_REGEXP, pdecode)
+  const charset = match[1].toLowerCase()
+  const encoded = match[2]
 
   switch (charset) {
     case 'iso-8859-1':
-      value = getlatin1(binary)
-      break
+    {
+      const binary = decodeHexEscapes(encoded)
+      return getlatin1(binary)
+    }
     case 'utf-8':
     case 'utf8':
-      value = Buffer.from(binary, 'binary').toString('utf8')
-      break
-    default:
-      throw new TypeError('unsupported charset in extended field')
+    {
+      try {
+        return decodeURIComponent(encoded)
+      } catch {
+        // Failed to decode with decodeURIComponent, fallback to lenient decoding which replaces invalid UTF-8 byte sequences with the Unicode replacement character
+        // TODO: Consider removing in the next major version to be more strict about invalid percent-encodings
+        const binary = decodeHexEscapes(encoded)
+
+        const bytes = new Uint8Array(binary.length)
+        for (let idx = 0; idx < binary.length; idx++) {
+          bytes[idx] = binary.charCodeAt(idx)
+        }
+
+        return utf8Decoder.decode(bytes)
+      }
+    }
   }
-
-  return value
+  throw new TypeError('unsupported charset in extended field')
 }
 
 /**
@@ -376,19 +384,6 @@ function parse (string) {
   return new ContentDisposition(type, params)
 }
 
-/**
- * Percent decode a single character.
- *
- * @param {string} str
- * @param {string} hex
- * @return {string}
- * @private
- */
-
-function pdecode (str, hex) {
-  return String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16))
-}
-
 /**
  * Percent encode a single character.
  *
@@ -451,11 +446,11 @@ function ContentDisposition (type, parameters) {
 }
 
 /**
-  * Return the last portion of a path
-  *
-  * @param {string} path
-  * @returns {string}
-  */
+ * Return the last portion of a path
+ *
+ * @param {string} path
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
 function basename (path) {
   const normalized = path.replaceAll('\\', '/')
 
@@ -475,3 +470,67 @@ function basename (path) {
 
   return normalized.slice(start + 1, end)
 }
+
+/**
+ * Check if a character is a hex digit [0-9A-Fa-f]
+ *
+ * @param {string} char
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+function isHexDigit (char) {
+  const code = char.charCodeAt(0)
+  return (
+    (code >= 48 && code <= 57) || // 0-9
+    (code >= 65 && code <= 70) || // A-F
+    (code >= 97 && code <= 102) // a-f
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a string contains percent encoding escapes.
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @return {boolean}
+ * @private
+ */
+function hasHexEscape (str) {
+  const maxIndex = str.length - 3
+  let lastIndex = -1
+
+  while ((lastIndex = str.indexOf('%', lastIndex + 1)) !== -1 && lastIndex <= maxIndex) {
+    if (isHexDigit(str[lastIndex + 1]) && isHexDigit(str[lastIndex + 2])) {
+      return true
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+/**
+ * Decode hex escapes in a string (e.g., %20 -> space)
+ *
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @return {string}
+ * @private
+ */
+function decodeHexEscapes (str) {
+  const firstEscape = str.indexOf('%')
+  if (firstEscape === -1) return str
+
+  let result = str.slice(0, firstEscape)
+  for (let idx = firstEscape; idx < str.length; idx++) {
+    if (
+      str[idx] === '%' &&
+      idx + 2 < str.length &&
+      isHexDigit(str[idx + 1]) &&
+      isHexDigit(str[idx + 2])
+    ) {
+      result += String.fromCharCode(Number.parseInt(str[idx + 1] + str[idx + 2], 16))
+      idx += 2
+    } else {
+      result += str[idx]
+    }
+  }
+  return result
+}