From f3c64c2f815eb4b1adef60d845f514436d3a52dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Benedict-CS <benedicttiong.cs@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 May 2024 20:17:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Lab2

---
 Lab2/.vscode/launch.json                      |  26 ++++
 Lab2/.vscode/settings.json                    |   9 ++
 Lab2/Allocator/allocator.c                    |  42 ++++++
 Lab2/Allocator/header/allocator.h             |   3 +
 Lab2/Bootloader/config.txt                    |   4 +
 Lab2/Bootloader/linker.ld                     |  23 +++
 Lab2/Bootloader/main.c                        |  47 ++++++
 Lab2/Bootloader/relocate.s                    |  19 +++
 Lab2/Bootloader/send.py                       |  32 +++++
 Lab2/Bootloader/start.s                       |  32 +++++
 Lab2/CPIO/cpio.c                              |  67 +++++++++
 Lab2/CPIO/header/cpio.h                       |  22 +++
 Lab2/Devicetree/devicetree.c                  |  81 +++++++++++
 Lab2/Devicetree/header/devicetree.h           |  32 +++++
 Lab2/Main/linker.ld                           |  19 +++
 Lab2/Main/main.c                              |  14 ++
 Lab2/Main/start.s                             |  32 +++++
 Lab2/Makefile                                 |  54 +++++++
 Lab2/Other/Archive/Makefile                   |   5 +
 .../Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus (copy).dtb   | Bin 0 -> 34228 bytes
 Lab2/Other/Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb   | Bin 0 -> 268 bytes
 Lab2/Other/Archive/initramfs.cpio             | Bin 0 -> 512 bytes
 Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hello               |   1 +
 Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hi                  |   1 +
 Lab2/Shell/header/shell.h                     |   1 +
 Lab2/Shell/shell.c                            |  79 ++++++++++
 Lab2/UART/header/mini_uart.h                  |  25 ++++
 Lab2/UART/mini_uart.c                         |  75 ++++++++++
 Lab2/Utils/header/utils.h                     |  15 ++
 Lab2/Utils/utils.c                            | 135 ++++++++++++++++++
 30 files changed, 895 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Lab2/.vscode/launch.json
 create mode 100644 Lab2/.vscode/settings.json
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Allocator/allocator.c
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Allocator/header/allocator.h
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Bootloader/config.txt
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Bootloader/linker.ld
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Bootloader/main.c
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Bootloader/relocate.s
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Bootloader/send.py
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Bootloader/start.s
 create mode 100644 Lab2/CPIO/cpio.c
 create mode 100644 Lab2/CPIO/header/cpio.h
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Devicetree/devicetree.c
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Devicetree/header/devicetree.h
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Main/linker.ld
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Main/main.c
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Main/start.s
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Makefile
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Other/Archive/Makefile
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Other/Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus (copy).dtb
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Other/Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Other/Archive/initramfs.cpio
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hello
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hi
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Shell/header/shell.h
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Shell/shell.c
 create mode 100644 Lab2/UART/header/mini_uart.h
 create mode 100644 Lab2/UART/mini_uart.c
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Utils/header/utils.h
 create mode 100644 Lab2/Utils/utils.c

diff --git a/Lab2/.vscode/launch.json b/Lab2/.vscode/launch.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a175faab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+    "version": "0.2.0",
+    "configurations": [
+    {
+    "name": "GDB debug - custom",
+    "type": "cppdbg",
+    "request": "launch",
+    "program": "~/Desktop/my_OSC/OSC/Lab2/bootloader.elf",
+    "args": [],
+    "stopAtEntry": true,
+    "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
+    "environment": [],
+    "externalConsole": false,
+    "MIMode": "gdb",
+    "setupCommands": [
+    {
+    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
+    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
+    "ignoreFailures": true
+    }
+    ],
+    "miDebuggerPath": "gdb-multiarch",
+    "miDebuggerServerAddress": "127.0.0.1:1234"
+    }
+    ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/.vscode/settings.json b/Lab2/.vscode/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acfd9c763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "files.associations": {
+        "sched.h": "c",
+        "allocator.h": "c",
+        "type_traits": "c",
+        "stddef.h": "c",
+        "devicetree.h": "c"
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Allocator/allocator.c b/Lab2/Allocator/allocator.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d2b8e283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Allocator/allocator.c
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "header/allocator.h"
+#include "../header/mini_uart.h"
+#include "../header/utils.h"
+
+#define MEM_START 0x10000000
+
+unsigned long *malloc_cur = (unsigned long *)MEM_START;
+
+void *malloc(size_t size)
+{
+    align(&size,8);
+    unsigned long *malloc_ret = malloc_cur;
+    malloc_cur+=(unsigned int)size;
+    return malloc_ret;
+}
+/*
+
+ Initial Memory Layout:
++-----------------------+
+| Address 0x10000000    | <--- malloc_cur starts here
++-----------------------+
+
+ Step 1: Call malloc(sizeof("Hello")) - Request 6 bytes, aligned to 8 bytes
++-----------------------+ 0x10000000
+| Reserved 8 bytes      | <-- malloc_ret points here, now referred as 'a'
+| (Uninitialized)       |     malloc_cur moved to 0x10000008
++-----------------------+ 0x10000008
+
+ Step 2: Initialize Memory with "Hello"
++-----------------------+ 0x10000000
+| 'H' (a[0])            |
+| 'e' (a[1])            |
+| 'l' (a[2])            |
+| 'l' (a[3])            |
+| 'o' (a[4])            |
+| '\0'(a[5])            |
+| Padding (2 bytes)     | <--- Memory alignment padding
++-----------------------+ 0x10000008
+
+ Continue Allocating...
+
+ */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Allocator/header/allocator.h b/Lab2/Allocator/header/allocator.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6aa2cb98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Allocator/header/allocator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+void* malloc(size_t size);
diff --git a/Lab2/Bootloader/config.txt b/Lab2/Bootloader/config.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8743bfe18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Bootloader/config.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+kernel=bootloader.img
+arm_64bit=1
+
+initramfs initramfs.cpio 0x20000000
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Bootloader/linker.ld b/Lab2/Bootloader/linker.ld
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02e9e3bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Bootloader/linker.ld
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+SECTIONS
+{
+  . = 0x60000;
+  
+  text_begin = .; 
+  .text.relo : { *(.text.relocate) }
+
+  boot_entry = .; 
+  .text.boot : { *(.text.boot) }
+
+  .text :  { *(.text) }
+
+  .rodata : {  *(.rodata) }
+  . = ALIGN(0x1000);
+
+  .data : { *(.data) }
+  . = ALIGN(0x1000);
+
+  bss_begin = .; 
+  .bss (NOLOAD) : { *(.bss) }
+  . = ALIGN(0x1000); 
+  bss_end = .;  
+}
diff --git a/Lab2/Bootloader/main.c b/Lab2/Bootloader/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bf74a57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Bootloader/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "../header/mini_uart.h"
+#include "../header/utils.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define BUFFER_MAX_SIZE 256
+
+extern char *_dtb;
+
+void load_img()
+{
+    char *const kernel_addr = (char *)0x80000;
+    char buffer[BUFFER_MAX_SIZE];
+    size_t index = 0;
+
+    while (1)
+    {
+        buffer[index] = uart_recv();
+        
+        if (buffer[index] == '\n')
+            break;
+
+        index++;
+    }
+
+    buffer[index + 1] = '\0';
+    utils_newline2end(buffer);  
+    uart_send('\r');
+    
+    unsigned int img_size = utils_str2uint_dec(buffer);
+
+    char *current = kernel_addr;
+    while (img_size--)
+    {
+        *current = uart_recv_raw();
+        current++;
+        uart_send('.');
+    }
+    
+    ((void (*)(char *))kernel_addr)(_dtb); 
+}
+
+void bootloader_main(void)
+{
+    uart_init();
+    uart_send_string("Please sent the kernel image size:");
+    load_img();
+}
diff --git a/Lab2/Bootloader/relocate.s b/Lab2/Bootloader/relocate.s
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a807fc59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Bootloader/relocate.s
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.section ".text.relocate"
+.globl _start_relocate
+
+_start_relocate:
+    adr x10, .    
+    ldr x12, =text_begin  
+    adr x13, bss_end
+
+moving_relocate:
+    cmp x10, x13            
+    b.eq end_relocate          
+    ldr x14, [x10], #8      
+    str x14, [x12], #8      
+    b moving_relocate          
+
+end_relocate:
+    ldr x14, =boot_entry    
+    br x14
+
diff --git a/Lab2/Bootloader/send.py b/Lab2/Bootloader/send.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fcd973a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Bootloader/send.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import serial
+import os
+import time
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+def send_file(serial_port, file_path, baud_rate=115200, timeout=0.5, sleep_time=0.002):
+
+    tty = serial.Serial(serial_port, baud_rate, timeout=timeout)
+    
+    file_size = os.path.getsize(file_path)
+
+    tty.write(str(file_size).encode('utf-8'))
+    tty.write("\n".encode('utf-8'))
+    time.sleep(sleep_time)
+
+    pbar = tqdm(total=file_size, unit="B", unit_scale=True, desc="Sending")
+
+    start_time = time.time()
+    
+    with open(file_path, "rb") as fp:
+        for byte in iter(lambda: fp.read(1), b''):
+            tty.write(byte)
+            pbar.update(len(byte))
+            time.sleep(sleep_time)
+
+    pbar.close()
+
+    total_time = time.time() - start_time
+
+    print(f"Transfer completed in {total_time:.2f} seconds. Speed: {file_size / total_time:.2f} Bytes/s")
+
+send_file("/dev/ttyUSB0", "kernel8.img")
diff --git a/Lab2/Bootloader/start.s b/Lab2/Bootloader/start.s
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ace90ac04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Bootloader/start.s
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+.section ".text.boot"
+.globl _start_boot
+
+_start_boot:
+    ldr x19, =_dtb
+    str x0, [x19]
+    
+    mrs    x20, mpidr_el1        
+    and    x20, x20,#0xFF 
+    cbz    x20, master  
+
+hang:
+    b hang
+
+master:
+    adr    x20, bss_begin
+    adr    x21, bss_end
+    sub    x21, x21, x20
+    bl     memzero
+
+    mov   sp, #0x3F000000
+    bl    bootloader_main
+
+memzero:
+	str xzr, [x20], #8
+	subs x21, x21, #8
+	b.gt memzero
+	ret
+    
+.global _dtb
+.section .data
+_dtb: .dc.a 0x0
diff --git a/Lab2/CPIO/cpio.c b/Lab2/CPIO/cpio.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b49afbac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/CPIO/cpio.c
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "header/cpio.h"
+#include "../header/mini_uart.h"
+#include "../header/utils.h"
+
+void cpio_ls()
+{
+    char *addr = cpio_addr;
+
+    while (utils_str_compare((char *)(addr + sizeof(cpio_header)), "TRAILER!!!") != 0)
+    {
+        cpio_header *header = (cpio_header *)addr;
+        unsigned long pathname_size = hex2dec(header->c_namesize); //path_size
+        unsigned long file_size = hex2dec(header->c_filesize); //file_size
+
+        unsigned long headerPathname_size = sizeof(cpio_header) + pathname_size; //total_size
+
+        align(&headerPathname_size,4); 
+        align(&file_size,4);           
+
+        uart_send_string(addr + sizeof(cpio_header)); // print the file name
+        uart_send_string("\n");
+
+        addr += (headerPathname_size + file_size);
+    }
+}
+
+char *findFile(char *name)
+{
+    char *addr = cpio_addr;
+    while (utils_str_compare((char *)(addr + sizeof(cpio_header)), "TRAILER!!!") != 0)
+    {
+        if ((utils_str_compare((char *)(addr + sizeof(cpio_header)), name) == 0))
+            return addr;
+        
+        cpio_header *header = (cpio_header *)addr;
+        unsigned long pathname_size = hex2dec(header->c_namesize);
+        unsigned long file_size = hex2dec(header->c_filesize);
+        unsigned long headerPathname_size = sizeof(cpio_header) + pathname_size;
+
+        align(&headerPathname_size,4); 
+        align(&file_size,4);           
+        addr += (headerPathname_size + file_size);
+    }
+}
+
+void cpio_cat(char *filename)
+{
+    char *target = findFile(filename);
+
+    if (target)
+    {
+        cpio_header *header = (cpio_header *)target;
+        unsigned long pathname_size = hex2dec(header->c_namesize);
+        unsigned long file_size = hex2dec(header->c_filesize);
+        unsigned long headerPathname_size = sizeof(cpio_header) + pathname_size;
+
+        align(&headerPathname_size,4); 
+        align(&file_size,4);           
+
+        char *file_content = target + headerPathname_size;
+
+        uart_send_string(file_content);
+        uart_send_string("\n");
+    }
+    else
+        uart_send_string("Not found the file\n");
+}
diff --git a/Lab2/CPIO/header/cpio.h b/Lab2/CPIO/header/cpio.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd0d1c443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/CPIO/header/cpio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+typedef struct cpio_header 
+{
+    char c_magic[6];    
+    char c_ino[8];      
+    char c_mode[8];     
+    char c_uid[8];    
+    char c_gid[8];      
+    char c_nlink[8];   
+    char c_mtime[8];    
+    char c_filesize[8]; 
+    char c_devmajor[8];
+    char c_devminor[8];
+    char c_rdevmajor[8];
+    char c_rdevminor[8];
+    char c_namesize[8]; 
+    char c_check[8];   
+}cpio_header;
+
+extern char * cpio_addr;
+void cpio_ls();
+void cpio_cat(char *filename);
+char * findFile(char *name);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Devicetree/devicetree.c b/Lab2/Devicetree/devicetree.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d910da578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Devicetree/devicetree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#include "../header/devicetree.h"
+#include "../header/mini_uart.h"
+#include "../header/utils.h"
+
+int space = 0;
+char * cpio_addr;
+
+int parse_struct(fdt_callback cb, uintptr_t cur_ptr, uintptr_t strings_ptr, uint32_t totalsize)
+{
+    uintptr_t end_ptr = cur_ptr + totalsize;
+
+    while (cur_ptr < end_ptr)
+    {
+        uint32_t token = get_le2be_uint((char *)cur_ptr);
+        cur_ptr += 4;
+        switch (token)
+        {
+            case FDT_BEGIN_NODE:
+                // uart_send_string(" FDT_BEGIN_NODE\n");
+                cb(token, (char *)cur_ptr, NULL, 0);
+                cur_ptr += align_up(utils_strlen((char *)cur_ptr), 4);   
+                break;
+            case FDT_END_NODE:
+                //  uart_send_string(" FDT_END_NODE\n");
+                cb(token, NULL, NULL, 0);
+                break;
+            case FDT_PROP:{
+                // uart_send_string("    FDT_PROP\n");
+                uint32_t len = get_le2be_uint((char *)cur_ptr);
+                cur_ptr += 4;
+                uint32_t nameoff = get_le2be_uint((char *)cur_ptr);
+                cur_ptr += 4;
+                cb(token, (char *)(strings_ptr + nameoff), (void *)cur_ptr, len);
+
+                cur_ptr +=  align_up(len, 4);;
+                break;
+            }
+            case FDT_NOP:
+                //  uart_send_string("In FDT_NOP\n");
+                cb(token, NULL, NULL, 0);
+                break;
+            case FDT_END:
+                //   uart_send_string(" FDT_END\n");
+                cb(token, NULL, NULL, 0);
+                return 0;
+            default:;
+                return -1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void get_initramfs_addr(int type, const char *name, const void *data, uint32_t size) 
+{
+    if(type==FDT_PROP&&!utils_str_compare(name,"linux,initrd-start")){
+        cpio_addr=(char *)(uintptr_t)get_le2be_uint(data);
+        uart_send_string("-->  initramfs_addr at ");
+        uart_hex((uintptr_t)get_le2be_uint(data));
+        uart_send('\n');
+    }
+}
+
+int fdt_traverse(fdt_callback cb, void* _dtb)
+{
+    uintptr_t dtb_ptr = (uintptr_t)_dtb;
+    // uart_send_string("\ndtb loading at:");
+    // uart_hex(dtb_ptr);
+    // uart_send('\n');
+    // uart_send('\n');
+    fdt_header *header = (fdt_header *)dtb_ptr;
+
+    if (get_le2be_uint(&(header->magic)) != 0xd00dfeed)
+    {
+        uart_send_string("header magic != 0xd00dfeed\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    uint32_t totalsize = get_le2be_uint(&(header->totalsize));
+    uintptr_t struct_ptr = dtb_ptr + get_le2be_uint(&(header->off_dt_struct));
+    uintptr_t strings_ptr = dtb_ptr + get_le2be_uint(&(header->off_dt_strings));
+    parse_struct(cb, struct_ptr, strings_ptr, totalsize);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Devicetree/header/devicetree.h b/Lab2/Devicetree/header/devicetree.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f661f0c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Devicetree/header/devicetree.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+/*
+    structure block: located at a 4-byte aligned offset from the beginning of the devicetree blob
+    token is a big-endian 32-bit integer, alligned on 32bit(padding 0)
+*/
+
+#define FDT_BEGIN_NODE  0x00000001
+#define FDT_END_NODE    0x00000002
+#define FDT_PROP        0x00000003
+#define FDT_NOP         0x00000004
+#define FDT_END         0x00000009
+
+typedef struct fdt_header
+{
+    uint32_t magic;             // contain the value 0xd00dfeed (big-endian).
+    uint32_t totalsize;         // in byte
+    uint32_t off_dt_struct;     // the offset in bytes of the structure block from the beginning of the header
+    uint32_t off_dt_strings;
+    uint32_t off_mem_rsvmap;
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint32_t last_comp_version;
+    uint32_t boot_cpuid_phys;
+    uint32_t size_dt_strings;   // the length in bytes of the strings block section
+    uint32_t size_dt_struct;
+} fdt_header;
+
+typedef void (*fdt_callback)(int type, const char *name, const void *data, uint32_t size);
+void print_dtb(int type, const char *name, const void *data, uint32_t size) ;
+// void get_initramfs_addr(int type, const char *name, const void *data) ;
+void get_initramfs_addr(int type, const char *name, const void *data, uint32_t size) ;
+int fdt_traverse(fdt_callback cb, void* dtb_ptr);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Main/linker.ld b/Lab2/Main/linker.ld
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcbb0e3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Main/linker.ld
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+SECTIONS
+{
+  . = 0x80000;
+  
+  .text.kernel : { *(.text.kernel) }
+
+  .text :  { *(.text) }
+
+  .rodata : {  *(.rodata) }
+  . = ALIGN(0x1000); 
+
+  .data : { *(.data) }
+  . = ALIGN(0x1000); 
+
+  bss_begin = .; 
+  .bss (NOLOAD) : { *(.bss) }
+  . = ALIGN(0x1000); 
+  bss_end = .;  
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Main/main.c b/Lab2/Main/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc7b55507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Main/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "../header/mini_uart.h"
+#include "../header/shell.h"
+#include "../header/devicetree.h"
+
+extern void *_dtb_ptr;
+
+void kernel_main(void)
+{
+    uart_send_string("Hello, world!\n");
+
+    fdt_traverse(get_initramfs_addr, _dtb_ptr);
+    
+    shell();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Main/start.s b/Lab2/Main/start.s
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d59f40b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Main/start.s
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+.section ".text.kernel"
+.globl _start
+
+_start:
+    ldr    x1, =_dtb_ptr
+    str    x0, [x1]   
+    
+    mrs    x20, mpidr_el1        
+    and    x20, x20,#0xFF        // Check processor id
+    cbz    x20, master        // Hang for all non-primary CPU
+
+hang:
+    b hang
+
+master:
+    adr    x20, bss_begin
+    adr    x21, bss_end
+    sub    x21, x21, x20
+    bl     memzero
+
+    mov    sp, #0x400000
+    bl    kernel_main
+    
+memzero:
+    str xzr, [x20], #8
+    subs x21, x21, #8
+    b.gt memzero
+    ret
+
+.global _dtb_ptr
+.section .data
+_dtb_ptr: .dc.a 0x0
diff --git a/Lab2/Makefile b/Lab2/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..edd5900cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+CC := aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
+LD := aarch64-linux-gnu-ld
+OBJCOPY := aarch64-linux-gnu-objcopy
+CFLAGS := -Wall -Wextra -O2 -ffreestanding -nostdinc -nostdlib -nostartfiles
+CFLAGS += -IMain -IUART/header -IShell/header -IUtils/header -ICPIO/header -IDevicetree/header -IAllocator/header
+CFLAGS += -I/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/11/include
+
+K8 := kernel8
+KERNEL_LINKER := Main/linker.ld
+KERNEL_SRC_S := $(wildcard Main/*.s)
+KERNEL_SRC_C := $(wildcard Main/*.c UART/*.c Shell/*.c Utils/*.c CPIO/*.c Devicetree/*.c Allocator/*.c)
+KERNEL_OBJS := $(KERNEL_SRC_C:.c=.o) $(KERNEL_SRC_S:.s=.o) Main/main.o
+
+BL := bootloader
+BOOTLOADER_LINKER := Bootloader/linker.ld
+BOOTLOADER_SRC_S := $(shell find Bootloader/ -name '*.s')
+BOOTLOADER_SRC_C := $(wildcard Bootloader/*.c UART/*.c Utils/*.c)
+BOOTLOADER_OBJS := $(BOOTLOADER_SRC_C:.c=.o) $(BOOTLOADER_SRC_S:.s=.o)
+
+all: $(K8).img $(BL).img
+
+$(K8).img: $(KERNEL_OBJS)
+	$(LD) -T $(KERNEL_LINKER) -o $(K8).elf $^
+	$(OBJCOPY) -O binary $(K8).elf $@
+
+$(BL).img: $(BOOTLOADER_OBJS)
+	$(LD) -T $(BOOTLOADER_LINKER) -o $(BL).elf $^
+	$(OBJCOPY) -O binary $(BL).elf $@
+
+%.o: %.s
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+sd: $(BL).img
+	cp $(K8).img /media/ben/4DFF-0A36
+	sync
+
+qemu: 
+	qemu-system-aarch64 -M raspi3b -serial null -serial stdio -display none  -initrd Other/Archive/initramfs.cpio -dtb Other/Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb -kernel $(K8).img
+
+bl:
+	qemu-system-aarch64 -M raspi3b -serial null -serial stdio -serial pty -display none -kernel $(BL).img -S -s
+
+rpi3:
+	screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
+
+py:	
+	python3 Bootloader/send.py
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(wildcard */*.o) $(wildcard *.o) $(K8).elf $(K8).img $(BL).elf $(BL).img
+
diff --git a/Lab2/Other/Archive/Makefile b/Lab2/Other/Archive/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee0619f6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Other/Archive/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+all:
+	cd rootfs&&find . | cpio -o -H newc > ../initramfs.cpio
+
+clean:
+	-rm *.cpio
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Other/Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus (copy).dtb b/Lab2/Other/Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus (copy).dtb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c83b0817e2eb5295a3dfe6aafe3aa55d93e9785d
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HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/Lab2/Other/Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb b/Lab2/Other/Archive/bcm2710-rpi-3-b-plus.dtb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91a6787b68427de9f8e133929c1bc96461014890
GIT binary patch
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/Lab2/Other/Archive/initramfs.cpio b/Lab2/Other/Archive/initramfs.cpio
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b67d564f436cf2aafd409e9e0277f5221416ea6
GIT binary patch
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hello b/Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hello
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6fc4c620
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hello
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hello
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hi b/Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32f95c0d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Other/Archive/rootfs/hi
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hi
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Shell/header/shell.h b/Lab2/Shell/header/shell.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ce4cee06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Shell/header/shell.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+void shell();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Shell/shell.c b/Lab2/Shell/shell.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cedd8431e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Shell/shell.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include "header/shell.h"
+#include "../header/utils.h"
+#include "../header/mini_uart.h"
+#include "../header/cpio.h"
+#include "../header/allocator.h"
+#include "../header/devicetree.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define BUFFER_MAX_SIZE 256
+#define COMMNAD_LENGTH_MAX 20
+
+extern void *_dtb_ptr;
+
+void read_command(char *buffer)
+{
+    size_t index = 0;
+    while (1)
+    {
+        buffer[index] = uart_recv();
+        uart_send(buffer[index]);
+        if (buffer[index] == '\n')
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        index++;
+    }
+    buffer[index + 1] = '\0';
+    utils_newline2end(buffer);
+    uart_send('\r');
+}
+
+void help()
+{
+    uart_send_string("help    : print this help menu\n");
+    uart_send_string("ls      : list the all file\n");
+    uart_send_string("cat     : print the file content\n");
+    uart_send_string("malloc  : a simple memory allocator\n");
+    uart_send_string("dtb     : get the address of initramfs \n");
+}
+
+void parse_command(char *buffer)
+{
+    if (buffer[0] == '\0')
+        return;
+    else if (utils_str_compare(buffer, "help") == 0)
+        help();
+    else if (utils_str_compare(buffer, "ls") == 0)
+        cpio_ls();
+    else if (utils_str_compare(buffer, "cat") == 0)
+    {
+        uart_send_string("Filename: ");
+        char buffer[BUFFER_MAX_SIZE];
+        read_command(buffer);
+        cpio_cat(buffer);
+    }
+    else if (utils_str_compare(buffer, "malloc") == 0)
+    {
+        char *a = malloc(sizeof("Hello"));
+        
+        a[0] = 'H', a[1] = 'e', a[2] = 'l', a[3] = 'l', a[4] = 'o' ,a[5] = '\0';
+        uart_send_string(a);
+        uart_send('\n');
+    }
+    else if (utils_str_compare(buffer, "dtb") == 0)
+        fdt_traverse(get_initramfs_addr,_dtb_ptr);
+    else
+        uart_send_string("commnad not found\r\n");
+}
+
+void shell()
+{
+    while (1)
+    {
+        char buffer[BUFFER_MAX_SIZE];
+        uart_send_string("$ ");
+        read_command(buffer);
+        parse_command(buffer);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Lab2/UART/header/mini_uart.h b/Lab2/UART/header/mini_uart.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3bbf90da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/UART/header/mini_uart.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#define MMIO_BASE       0x3F000000 // Base address for memory-mapped I/O
+
+// GPIO Function Select Registers.
+#define GPFSEL1         ((volatile unsigned int*)(MMIO_BASE+0x00200004))
+#define GPPUD           ((volatile unsigned int*)(MMIO_BASE+0x00200094))
+#define GPPUDCLK0       ((volatile unsigned int*)(MMIO_BASE+0x00200098))
+
+// Mini UART (AUX) Peripheral Registers.
+#define AUX_ENABLE      ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00215004))
+#define AUX_MU_IO_REG   ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00215040))
+#define AUX_MU_IER_REG  ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00215044))
+#define AUX_MU_LCR_REG  ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x0021504C))
+#define AUX_MU_MCR_REG  ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00215050))
+#define AUX_MU_LSR_REG  ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00215054))
+#define AUX_MU_CNTL_REG ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00215060))
+#define AUX_MU_BAUD_REG ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00215068))
+#define AUX_MU_IIR_REG  ((volatile unsigned int *)(MMIO_BASE + 0x00215048))
+
+void uart_init();
+void uart_send_string(const char* str);
+void uart_send(char c);
+char uart_recv();
+char uart_recv_raw();
+void uart_hex(unsigned int d);
+unsigned int uart_printf(char *fmt, ...);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/UART/mini_uart.c b/Lab2/UART/mini_uart.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1be3804cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/UART/mini_uart.c
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#include "header/mini_uart.h"
+#include "../header/utils.h"
+
+
+void delay(unsigned int clock)
+{
+    while (clock--)
+    {
+        asm volatile("nop");
+    }
+}
+
+
+void uart_init()
+{
+    unsigned int selector;
+
+    selector = *GPFSEL1;
+    selector &= ~(7 << 12); // clean gpio14
+    selector |= 2 << 12;    // set alt5 for gpio14
+    selector &= ~(7 << 15); // clean gpio15
+    selector |= 2 << 15;    // set alt5 for gpio 15
+    *GPFSEL1 = selector;
+
+    *GPPUD = 0;  // set the required control signal (i.e. Pull-up or Pull-Down )
+    delay(150); // provides the required set-up time for the control signal
+    *GPPUDCLK0 = (1 << 14) | (1 << 15);
+    delay(150);
+    *GPPUDCLK0 = 0;
+
+    *AUX_ENABLE = 1;        // Enable mini uart (this also enables access to its registers)
+    *AUX_MU_CNTL_REG = 0;   // Disable auto flow control and disable receiver and transmitter (for now)
+    *AUX_MU_IER_REG = 0;    // Disable receive and transmit interrupts
+    *AUX_MU_LCR_REG = 3;    // Enable 8 bit mode
+    *AUX_MU_MCR_REG = 0;    // Set RTS line to be always high
+    *AUX_MU_BAUD_REG = 270; // Set baud rate to 115200
+    *AUX_MU_IIR_REG = 6;
+    *AUX_MU_CNTL_REG = 3; // Finally, enable transmitter and receiver
+}
+
+void uart_send(const char c)
+{
+    if (c == '\n')
+        uart_send('\r');
+
+    while (!(*(AUX_MU_LSR_REG)&0x20)){}
+    
+    *AUX_MU_IO_REG = c;
+}
+char uart_recv()
+{
+
+    while (!(*(AUX_MU_LSR_REG)&0x01)){}
+    
+    char temp = *(AUX_MU_IO_REG)&0xFF;
+    return temp == '\r' ? '\n' : temp;
+}
+
+char uart_recv_raw()
+{
+    while (!(*(AUX_MU_LSR_REG)&0x01)){}
+    
+    char temp = *(AUX_MU_IO_REG)&0xFF;
+    return temp;
+}
+
+void uart_send_string(const char *str)
+{
+    while (*str)
+    {
+        uart_send(*str++);
+    }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/Lab2/Utils/header/utils.h b/Lab2/Utils/header/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c66ee163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Utils/header/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+int utils_str_compare(const char *a,const char *b);
+void utils_newline2end(char *str);
+unsigned int utils_str2uint_dec(const char *str);
+unsigned long hex2dec(char *s);
+void align(void *size, size_t s); 
+size_t utils_strlen(const char *s);
+uint32_t get_le2be_uint(const void *p);
+void uart_hex(unsigned int d);
+uint32_t align_up(uint32_t size, int alignment);
+void send_space(int count);
+void utils_int2str_dec(int num, char *str);
+uint32_t get_be32(const uint8_t *p) ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lab2/Utils/utils.c b/Lab2/Utils/utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ba18e99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lab2/Utils/utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "header/utils.h"
+#include "../header/mini_uart.h"
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+int utils_str_compare(const char *a,const char *b)
+{
+    char aa, bb;
+    do
+    {
+        aa = (char)*a++;
+        bb = (char)*b++;
+        if (aa == '\0' || bb == '\0')
+        {
+            return aa - bb;
+        }
+    } while (aa == bb);
+    return aa - bb;
+}
+
+void utils_newline2end(char *str)
+{
+    while (*str != '\0')
+    {
+        if (*str == '\n')
+        {
+            *str = '\0';
+            return;
+        }
+        ++str;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+void utils_int2str_dec(int num, char *str)
+{
+    // num=7114 digit=4
+    int digit = -1, temp = num;
+    while (temp > 0)
+    {
+        temp /= 10;
+        digit++;
+    }
+    for (int i = digit; i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+        int t = 1;
+        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
+        {
+            t *= 10;
+        }
+        *str = '0' + num / t;
+        num = num % t;
+        str++;
+    }
+    *str = '\0';
+}
+
+unsigned int utils_str2uint_dec(const char *str)
+{
+    unsigned int value = 0u;
+
+    while (*str)
+    {
+        value = value * 10u + (*str - '0');
+        ++str;
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+unsigned long hex2dec(char *s)
+{
+    unsigned long r = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
+    {
+        if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9')
+            r = r * 16 + s[i] - '0';
+        else
+            r = r * 16 + s[i] - 'a' + 10;
+    }
+    
+    return r;
+}
+
+// Transfer little endian to big endian
+uint32_t get_be32(const uint8_t *p) {
+    return (uint32_t)p[0] << 24 | (uint32_t)p[1] << 16 | (uint32_t)p[2] << 8 | p[3];
+}
+
+void uart_hex(uint32_t d) {
+    uart_send_string("0x");
+    for (int c = 28; c >= 0; c -= 4) {
+        int n = (d >> c) & 0xF;
+        n += n > 9 ? 'A' - 10 : '0';
+        uart_send(n);
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t get_le2be_uint(const void *p)
+{
+    // transfer little endian to big endian
+    const unsigned char *bytes = p;
+    uint32_t res = bytes[3];
+    res |= bytes[2] << 8;
+    res |= bytes[1] << 16;
+    res |= bytes[0] << 24;
+    return res;
+}
+
+void send_space(int count) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        uart_send(' ');
+    }
+}
+
+size_t utils_strlen(const char *s) {
+  size_t i = 0;
+  while (s[i]) i++;
+  return i+1;
+}
+
+void align(void *size, size_t s) // aligned to 4 byte
+{
+/*
+    The pathname is followed by NUL bytes so that the total size of the fixed header plus pathname is a multiple of 4.
+    Likewise, the file data is padded to a multiple of 4 bytes.
+*/
+    unsigned long *x = (unsigned long *)size;
+    if ((*x) & (s-1))
+        (*x) += s - ((*x) & (s-1));
+}
+
+uint32_t align_up(uint32_t size, int alignment) {
+  return (size + alignment - 1) & -alignment;
+}