diff --git a/pybind11_stubgen/parser/interface.py b/pybind11_stubgen/parser/interface.py
index 86a4f882..ecd49c97 100644
--- a/pybind11_stubgen/parser/interface.py
+++ b/pybind11_stubgen/parser/interface.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import abc
 import types
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar
 
 from pybind11_stubgen.parser.errors import ParserError
 from pybind11_stubgen.structs import (
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
     Value,
 )
 
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
 
 class IParser(abc.ABC):
     @abc.abstractmethod
@@ -80,6 +82,13 @@ def handle_type(self, type_: type) -> QualifiedName: ...
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def handle_value(self, value: Any) -> Value: ...
 
+    def call_with_local_types(self, parameters: list[str], func: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+        """
+        PEP 695 added template syntax to classes and functions.
+        This will call the function with these additional local types.
+        """
+        ...
+
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def parse_args_str(self, args_str: str) -> list[Argument]: ...
 
diff --git a/pybind11_stubgen/parser/mixins/fix.py b/pybind11_stubgen/parser/mixins/fix.py
index 87898906..648d7d73 100644
--- a/pybind11_stubgen/parser/mixins/fix.py
+++ b/pybind11_stubgen/parser/mixins/fix.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import sys
 import types
 from logging import getLogger
-from typing import Any, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Callable, Sequence, TypeVar
 
 from pybind11_stubgen.parser.errors import (
     InvalidExpressionError,
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 
 logger = getLogger("pybind11_stubgen")
 
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
 
 class RemoveSelfAnnotation(IParser):
 
@@ -88,6 +90,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.__extra_imports: set[Import] = set()
         self.__current_module: types.ModuleType | None = None
         self.__current_class: type | None = None
+        self.__local_types: set[str] = set()
 
     def handle_alias(self, path: QualifiedName, origin: Any) -> Alias | None:
         result = super().handle_alias(path, origin)
@@ -144,6 +147,13 @@ def handle_value(self, value: Any) -> Value:
             self._add_import(QualifiedName.from_str(result.repr))
         return result
 
+    def call_with_local_types(self, parameters: list[str], func: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+        original_local_types = self.__local_types.copy()
+        self.__local_types.update(parameters)
+        result = super().call_with_local_types(parameters, func)
+        self.__local_types = original_local_types
+        return result
+
     def parse_annotation_str(
         self, annotation_str: str
     ) -> ResolvedType | InvalidExpression | Value:
@@ -155,7 +165,7 @@ def parse_annotation_str(
     def _add_import(self, name: QualifiedName) -> None:
         if len(name) == 0:
             return
-        if len(name) == 1 and len(name[0]) == 0:
+        if len(name) == 1 and (len(name[0]) == 0 or name[0] in self.__local_types):
             return
         if hasattr(builtins, name[0]):
             return
@@ -636,6 +646,7 @@ class FixNumpyArrayDimTypeVar(IParser):
     numpy_primitive_types = FixNumpyArrayDimAnnotation.numpy_primitive_types
 
     __DIM_VARS: set[str] = set()
+    __local_types: set[str] = set()
 
     def handle_module(
         self, path: QualifiedName, module: types.ModuleType
@@ -662,6 +673,13 @@ def handle_module(
 
         return result
 
+    def call_with_local_types(self, parameters: list[str], func: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+        original_local_types = self.__local_types.copy()
+        self.__local_types.update(parameters)
+        result = super().call_with_local_types(parameters, func)
+        self.__local_types = original_local_types
+        return result
+
     def parse_annotation_str(
         self, annotation_str: str
     ) -> ResolvedType | InvalidExpression | Value:
@@ -675,6 +693,9 @@ def parse_annotation_str(
         if not isinstance(result, ResolvedType):
             return result
 
+        if len(result.name) == 1 and result.name[0] in self.__local_types:
+            return result
+
         # handle unqualified, single-letter annotation as a TypeVar
         if len(result.name) == 1 and len(result.name[0]) == 1:
             result.name = QualifiedName.from_str(result.name[0].upper())
diff --git a/pybind11_stubgen/parser/mixins/parse.py b/pybind11_stubgen/parser/mixins/parse.py
index e88fe352..c901c24f 100644
--- a/pybind11_stubgen/parser/mixins/parse.py
+++ b/pybind11_stubgen/parser/mixins/parse.py
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 import ast
 import inspect
 import re
+import sys
 import types
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar
 
 from pybind11_stubgen.parser.errors import (
     InvalidExpressionError,
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@
     Argument(name=Identifier("kwargs"), kw_variadic=True),
 ]
 
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
 
 class ParserDispatchMixin(IParser):
     def handle_class(self, path: QualifiedName, class_: type) -> Class | None:
@@ -384,6 +387,9 @@ def handle_type(self, type_: type) -> QualifiedName:
             )
         )
 
+    def call_with_local_types(self, parameters: list[str], func: Callable[[], T]) -> T:
+        return func()
+
     def parse_value_str(self, value: str) -> Value | InvalidExpression:
         return self._parse_expression_str(value)
 
@@ -624,7 +630,9 @@ def parse_function_docstring(
             return []
 
         top_signature_regex = re.compile(
-            rf"^{func_name}\((?P<args>.*)\)\s*(->\s*(?P<returns>.+))?$"
+            rf"^{func_name}"
+            r"(\[(?P<type_vars>[\w\s,]*)])?"
+            r"\((?P<args>.*)\)\s*(->\s*(?P<returns>.+))?$"
         )
 
         match = top_signature_regex.match(doc_lines[0])
@@ -632,24 +640,43 @@ def parse_function_docstring(
             return []
 
         if len(doc_lines) < 2 or doc_lines[1] != "Overloaded function.":
+            # TODO: Update to support more complex formats.
+            #  This only supports bare type parameters.
+            type_vars_group = match.group("type_vars")
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 12) and type_vars_group:
+                # This syntax is not supported before Python 3.12.
+                return []
+            type_vars: list[str] = list(
+                filter(
+                    bool, map(str.strip, (type_vars_group or "").split(","))
+                )
+            )
+            args = self.call_with_local_types(
+                type_vars, lambda: self.parse_args_str(match.group("args"))
+            )
+
             returns_str = match.group("returns")
             if returns_str is not None:
-                returns = self.parse_annotation_str(returns_str)
+                returns = self.call_with_local_types(
+                    type_vars, lambda: self.parse_annotation_str(returns_str)
+                )
             else:
                 returns = None
 
             return [
                 Function(
                     name=func_name,
-                    args=self.parse_args_str(match.group("args")),
+                    args=args,
                     doc=self._strip_empty_lines(doc_lines[1:]),
                     returns=returns,
+                    type_vars=type_vars,
                 )
             ]
 
         overload_signature_regex = re.compile(
-            rf"^(\s*(?P<overload_number>\d+).\s*)"
-            rf"{func_name}\((?P<args>.*)\)\s*->\s*(?P<returns>.+)$"
+            rf"^(\s*(?P<overload_number>\d+)\.\s*){func_name}"
+            r"(\[(?P<type_vars>[\w\s,]*)])?"
+            r"\((?P<args>.*)\)\s*->\s*(?P<returns>.+)$"
         )
 
         doc_start = 0
@@ -661,18 +688,38 @@ def parse_function_docstring(
             if match:
                 if match.group("overload_number") != f"{len(overloads)}":
                     continue
+                type_vars_group = match.group("type_vars")
+                if sys.version_info < (3, 12) and type_vars_group:
+                    # This syntax is not supported before Python 3.12.
+                    continue
                 overloads[-1].doc = self._strip_empty_lines(doc_lines[doc_start:i])
                 doc_start = i + 1
+                # TODO: Update to support more complex formats.
+                #  This only supports bare type parameters.
+
+                type_vars: list[str] = list(
+                    filter(
+                        bool,
+                        map(str.strip, (type_vars_group or "").split(",")),
+                    )
+                )
+                args = self.call_with_local_types(
+                    type_vars, lambda: self.parse_args_str(match.group("args"))
+                )
+                returns = self.call_with_local_types(
+                    type_vars, lambda: self.parse_annotation_str(match.group("returns"))
+                )
                 overloads.append(
                     Function(
                         name=func_name,
-                        args=self.parse_args_str(match.group("args")),
-                        returns=self.parse_annotation_str(match.group("returns")),
+                        args=args,
+                        returns=returns,
                         doc=None,
                         decorators=[
                             # use `parse_annotation_str()` to trigger typing import
                             Decorator(str(self.parse_annotation_str("typing.overload")))
                         ],
+                        type_vars=type_vars,
                     )
                 )
 
diff --git a/pybind11_stubgen/printer.py b/pybind11_stubgen/printer.py
index 5412ba91..dfe802d0 100644
--- a/pybind11_stubgen/printer.py
+++ b/pybind11_stubgen/printer.py
@@ -151,11 +151,18 @@ def print_function(self, func: Function) -> list[str]:
             args.append(self.print_argument(arg))
         if len(args) > 0 and args[0] == "/":
             args = args[1:]
-        signature = [
-            f"def {func.name}(",
-            ", ".join(args),
-            ")",
-        ]
+        signature = [f"def {func.name}"]
+
+        if func.type_vars:
+            signature.extend(["[", ", ".join(func.type_vars), "]"])
+
+        signature.extend(
+            [
+                "(",
+                ", ".join(args),
+                ")",
+            ]
+        )
 
         if func.returns is not None:
             signature.append(f" -> {self.print_annotation(func.returns)}")
diff --git a/pybind11_stubgen/structs.py b/pybind11_stubgen/structs.py
index 0026d2f5..79ad65c6 100644
--- a/pybind11_stubgen/structs.py
+++ b/pybind11_stubgen/structs.py
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ class Function:
     returns: Annotation | None = field_(default=None)
     doc: Docstring | None = field_(default=None)
     decorators: list[Decorator] = field_(default_factory=list)
+    type_vars: list[str] = field_(default_factory=list)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return (
diff --git a/tests/py-demo/bindings/src/modules/functions.cpp b/tests/py-demo/bindings/src/modules/functions.cpp
index 15488da6..56f0fafb 100644
--- a/tests/py-demo/bindings/src/modules/functions.cpp
+++ b/tests/py-demo/bindings/src/modules/functions.cpp
@@ -101,4 +101,41 @@ void bind_functions_module(py::module &&m) {
     m.def("default_custom_arg", [](Foo &foo) {}, py::arg_v("foo", Foo(5), "Foo(5)"));
     m.def("pass_callback", [](std::function<Foo(Foo &)> &callback) { return Foo(13); });
     m.def("nested_types", [](std::variant<std::list<Foo>, Foo> arg){ return arg; });
+
+    py::options options;
+    options.disable_function_signatures();
+    m.def(
+        "passthrough1",
+        [](py::object obj) { return obj; },
+        py::doc("passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T\n"));
+    m.def(
+        "passthrough2",
+        [](py::object obj) { return obj; },
+        py::doc(
+            "passthrough2(*args, **kwargs)\n"
+            "Overloaded function.\n"
+            "1. passthrough2() -> None\n"
+            "2. passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T\n"),
+        py::arg("obj") = py::none());
+    m.def(
+        "passthrough3",
+        [](py::object obj1, py::object obj2) { return py::make_tuple(obj1, obj2); },
+        py::doc(
+            "passthrough3(*args, **kwargs)\n"
+            "Overloaded function.\n"
+            "1. passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]\n"
+            "2. passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]\n"
+            "3. passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]\n"),
+        py::arg("obj1") = py::none(),
+        py::arg("obj2") = py::none());
+    m.def(
+        "passthrough_backwards",
+        [](py::object obj) { return obj; },
+#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION > 3 || (PY_MAJOR_VERSION == 3 && PY_MINOR_VERSION >= 12)
+        py::doc("passthrough_backwards[T](obj: T) -> T\n"));
+#else
+        py::doc("passthrough_backwards(obj: U) -> U\n"));
+    m.attr("U") = py::module::import("typing").attr("TypeVar")("U");
+#endif
+    options.enable_function_signatures();
 }
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.11/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.11/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 316386c8..264c8011 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.11/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.11/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import typing
 
 __all__: list[str] = [
     "Foo",
+    "U",
     "accept_callable",
     "accept_frozenset",
     "accept_py_handle",
@@ -20,6 +21,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -54,5 +59,26 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None:
+    """
+    2. passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]:
+    """
+    2. passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]
+    3. passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]
+    """
+
+def passthrough_backwards(obj: U) -> U: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
+
+U: typing.TypeVar  # value = ~U
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.12/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.12/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 72ab6498..df1fc8f1 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.12/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.12/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import typing
 
 __all__: list[str] = [
     "Foo",
+    "U",
     "accept_annotated_callable",
     "accept_callable",
     "accept_frozenset",
@@ -21,6 +22,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -56,5 +61,26 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None:
+    """
+    2. passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]:
+    """
+    2. passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]
+    3. passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]
+    """
+
+def passthrough_backwards(obj: U) -> U: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
+
+U: typing.TypeVar  # value = ~U
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 72ab6498..df1fc8f1 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import typing
 
 __all__: list[str] = [
     "Foo",
+    "U",
     "accept_annotated_callable",
     "accept_callable",
     "accept_frozenset",
@@ -21,6 +22,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -56,5 +61,26 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None:
+    """
+    2. passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]:
+    """
+    2. passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]
+    3. passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]
+    """
+
+def passthrough_backwards(obj: U) -> U: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
+
+U: typing.TypeVar  # value = ~U
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 72ab6498..df1fc8f1 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import typing
 
 __all__: list[str] = [
     "Foo",
+    "U",
     "accept_annotated_callable",
     "accept_callable",
     "accept_frozenset",
@@ -21,6 +22,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -56,5 +61,26 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None:
+    """
+    2. passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]:
+    """
+    2. passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]
+    3. passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]
+    """
+
+def passthrough_backwards(obj: U) -> U: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
+
+U: typing.TypeVar  # value = ~U
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.9/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.9/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 2f467b68..63de1c09 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.9/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v2.9/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import typing
 
 __all__: list[str] = [
     "Foo",
+    "U",
     "accept_callable",
     "accept_py_handle",
     "accept_py_object",
@@ -19,6 +20,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -52,5 +57,26 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None:
+    """
+    2. passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]:
+    """
+    2. passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]
+    3. passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]
+    """
+
+def passthrough_backwards(obj: U) -> U: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
+
+U: typing.TypeVar  # value = ~U
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index f24c3270..beb13c51 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import typing
 
 __all__: list[str] = [
     "Foo",
+    "U",
     "accept_annotated_callable",
     "accept_callable",
     "accept_frozenset",
@@ -22,6 +23,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -63,6 +68,25 @@ def mul(p: typing.SupportsFloat, q: typing.SupportsFloat) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: collections.abc.Sequence[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: collections.abc.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None:
+    """
+    2. passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]:
+    """
+    2. passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]
+    3. passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]
+    """
+
+def passthrough_backwards(obj: U) -> U: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(
     i: typing.SupportsInt, /, j: typing.SupportsInt, *, k: typing.SupportsInt
 ) -> tuple: ...
@@ -74,3 +98,5 @@ def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(
     k: typing.SupportsInt,
     **kwargs,
 ) -> tuple: ...
+
+U: typing.TypeVar  # value = ~U
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index f24c3270..beb13c51 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.11/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import typing
 
 __all__: list[str] = [
     "Foo",
+    "U",
     "accept_annotated_callable",
     "accept_callable",
     "accept_frozenset",
@@ -22,6 +23,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -63,6 +68,25 @@ def mul(p: typing.SupportsFloat, q: typing.SupportsFloat) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: collections.abc.Sequence[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: collections.abc.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1(*args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None:
+    """
+    2. passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T
+    """
+
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]:
+    """
+    2. passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]
+    3. passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]
+    """
+
+def passthrough_backwards(obj: U) -> U: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(
     i: typing.SupportsInt, /, j: typing.SupportsInt, *, k: typing.SupportsInt
 ) -> tuple: ...
@@ -74,3 +98,5 @@ def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(
     k: typing.SupportsInt,
     **kwargs,
 ) -> tuple: ...
+
+U: typing.TypeVar  # value = ~U
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.11/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.11/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 316386c8..0440b0b7 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.11/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.11/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -54,5 +58,17 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]: ...
+def passthrough_backwards[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.12/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.12/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 72ab6498..bb839212 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.12/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.12/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -56,5 +60,17 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]: ...
+def passthrough_backwards[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 72ab6498..bb839212 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -56,5 +60,17 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]: ...
+def passthrough_backwards[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 72ab6498..bb839212 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.13/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -56,5 +60,17 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]: ...
+def passthrough_backwards[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.9/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.9/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index 2f467b68..491ec41e 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.9/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v2.9/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -52,5 +56,17 @@ def mul(p: float, q: float) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: list[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: typing.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]: ...
+def passthrough_backwards[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *, k: int) -> tuple: ...
 def pos_kw_only_variadic_mix(i: int, /, j: int, *args, k: int, **kwargs) -> tuple: ...
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index f24c3270..241af571 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-use-type-var/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -63,6 +67,18 @@ def mul(p: typing.SupportsFloat, q: typing.SupportsFloat) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: collections.abc.Sequence[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: collections.abc.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]: ...
+def passthrough_backwards[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(
     i: typing.SupportsInt, /, j: typing.SupportsInt, *, k: typing.SupportsInt
 ) -> tuple: ...
diff --git a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
index f24c3270..241af571 100644
--- a/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
+++ b/tests/stubs/python-3.12/pybind11-v3.0/numpy-array-wrap-with-annotated/demo/_bindings/functions.pyi
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ __all__: list[str] = [
     "mul",
     "nested_types",
     "pass_callback",
+    "passthrough1",
+    "passthrough2",
+    "passthrough3",
+    "passthrough_backwards",
     "pos_kw_only_mix",
     "pos_kw_only_variadic_mix",
 ]
@@ -63,6 +67,18 @@ def mul(p: typing.SupportsFloat, q: typing.SupportsFloat) -> float:
 
 def nested_types(arg0: collections.abc.Sequence[Foo] | Foo) -> list[Foo] | Foo: ...
 def pass_callback(arg0: collections.abc.Callable[[Foo], Foo]) -> Foo: ...
+def passthrough1[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2() -> None: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough2[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3() -> tuple[None, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T](obj: T) -> tuple[T, None]: ...
+@typing.overload
+def passthrough3[T1, T2](obj1: T1, obj2: T2) -> tuple[T1, T2]: ...
+def passthrough_backwards[T](obj: T) -> T: ...
 def pos_kw_only_mix(
     i: typing.SupportsInt, /, j: typing.SupportsInt, *, k: typing.SupportsInt
 ) -> tuple: ...