diff --git a/src/packaging/pylock.py b/src/packaging/pylock.py
index 96aa35c6d..1c72fb0df 100644
--- a/src/packaging/pylock.py
+++ b/src/packaging/pylock.py
@@ -447,12 +447,6 @@ def _from_dict(cls, d: Mapping[str, Any]) -> Self:
             hashes=_get_required_as(d, Mapping, _validate_hashes, "hashes"),  # type: ignore[type-abstract]
         )
         _validate_path_url(package_sdist.path, package_sdist.url)
-        try:
-            parse_sdist_filename(package_sdist.filename)
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise PylockValidationError(
-                f"Invalid sdist filename {package_sdist.filename!r}"
-            ) from e
         return package_sdist
 
     @property
@@ -502,12 +496,6 @@ def _from_dict(cls, d: Mapping[str, Any]) -> Self:
             hashes=_get_required_as(d, Mapping, _validate_hashes, "hashes"),  # type: ignore[type-abstract]
         )
         _validate_path_url(package_wheel.path, package_wheel.url)
-        try:
-            parse_wheel_filename(package_wheel.filename)
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise PylockValidationError(
-                f"Invalid wheel filename {package_wheel.filename!r}"
-            ) from e
         return package_wheel
 
     @property
@@ -597,6 +585,46 @@ def _from_dict(cls, d: Mapping[str, Any]) -> Self:
                 "Exactly one of vcs, directory, archive must be set "
                 "if sdist and wheels are not set"
             )
+        for i, wheel in enumerate(package.wheels or []):
+            try:
+                (name, version, _, _) = parse_wheel_filename(wheel.filename)
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise PylockValidationError(
+                    f"Invalid wheel filename {wheel.filename!r}",
+                    context=f"wheels[{i}]",
+                ) from e
+            if name != package.name:
+                raise PylockValidationError(
+                    f"Name in {wheel.filename!r} is not consistent with "
+                    f"package name {package.name!r}",
+                    context=f"wheels[{i}]",
+                )
+            if package.version and version != package.version:
+                raise PylockValidationError(
+                    f"Version in {wheel.filename!r} is not consistent with "
+                    f"package version {str(package.version)!r}",
+                    context=f"wheels[{i}]",
+                )
+        if package.sdist:
+            try:
+                name, version = parse_sdist_filename(package.sdist.filename)
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise PylockValidationError(
+                    f"Invalid sdist filename {package.sdist.filename!r}",
+                    context="sdist",
+                ) from e
+            if name != package.name:
+                raise PylockValidationError(
+                    f"Name in {package.sdist.filename!r} is not consistent with "
+                    f"package name {package.name!r}",
+                    context="sdist",
+                )
+            if package.version and version != package.version:
+                raise PylockValidationError(
+                    f"Version in {package.sdist.filename!r} is not consistent with "
+                    f"package version {str(package.version)!r}",
+                    context="sdist",
+                )
         try:
             for i, attestation_identity in enumerate(  # noqa: B007
                 package.attestation_identities or []
diff --git a/tests/test_pylock.py b/tests/test_pylock.py
index 7c0090ecc..f29b47e5e 100644
--- a/tests/test_pylock.py
+++ b/tests/test_pylock.py
@@ -306,6 +306,13 @@ def test_pylock_invalid_vcs() -> None:
             ),
             "example-1.0.tar.gz",
         ),
+        (
+            PackageSdist(
+                path="example-1.0.tar.gz",
+                hashes={},
+            ),
+            "example-1.0.tar.gz",
+        ),
         (
             PackageSdist(
                 url="https://example.com/example-1.0.tar.gz",
@@ -362,6 +369,13 @@ def test_pylock_invalid_vcs() -> None:
             ),
             "example-1.0-py3-none-any.whl",
         ),
+        (
+            PackageWheel(
+                path="example-1.0-py3-none-any.whl",
+                hashes={},
+            ),
+            "example-1.0-py3-none-any.whl",
+        ),
         (
             PackageWheel(
                 url="https://example.com/example-1.0-py3-none-any.whl",
@@ -439,6 +453,55 @@ def test_pylock_invalid_wheel_filename() -> None:
     )
 
 
+def test_pylock_inconsistent_wheel_name() -> None:
+    data = {
+        "lock-version": "1.0",
+        "created-by": "pip",
+        "packages": [
+            {
+                "name": "foo",
+                "wheels": [
+                    {
+                        "url": "http://example.com/bar-1.0-py3-none-any.whl",
+                        "hashes": {"sha256": "f" * 40},
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(PylockValidationError) as exc_info:
+        Pylock.from_dict(data)
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == (
+        "Name in 'bar-1.0-py3-none-any.whl' is not consistent "
+        "with package name 'foo' in 'packages[0].wheels[0]'"
+    )
+
+
+def test_pylock_inconsistent_wheel_version() -> None:
+    data = {
+        "lock-version": "1.0",
+        "created-by": "pip",
+        "packages": [
+            {
+                "name": "bar",
+                "version": "2.0",
+                "wheels": [
+                    {
+                        "url": "http://example.com/bar-1.0-py3-none-any.whl",
+                        "hashes": {"sha256": "f" * 40},
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        ],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(PylockValidationError) as exc_info:
+        Pylock.from_dict(data)
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == (
+        "Version in 'bar-1.0-py3-none-any.whl' is not consistent "
+        "with package version '2.0' in 'packages[0].wheels[0]'"
+    )
+
+
 def test_pylock_invalid_sdist_filename() -> None:
     data = {
         "lock-version": "1.0",
@@ -460,6 +523,51 @@ def test_pylock_invalid_sdist_filename() -> None:
     )
 
 
+def test_pylock_inconsistent_sdist_name() -> None:
+    data = {
+        "lock-version": "1.0",
+        "created-by": "pip",
+        "packages": [
+            {
+                "name": "foo",
+                "sdist": {
+                    "path": "./bar-1.0.tar.gz",
+                    "hashes": {"sha256": "f" * 40},
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(PylockValidationError) as exc_info:
+        Pylock.from_dict(data)
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == (
+        "Name in 'bar-1.0.tar.gz' is not consistent "
+        "with package name 'foo' in 'packages[0].sdist'"
+    )
+
+
+def test_pylock_inconsistent_sdist_version() -> None:
+    data = {
+        "lock-version": "1.0",
+        "created-by": "pip",
+        "packages": [
+            {
+                "name": "bar",
+                "version": "2.0",
+                "sdist": {
+                    "path": "./bar-1.0.tar.gz",
+                    "hashes": {"sha256": "f" * 40},
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(PylockValidationError) as exc_info:
+        Pylock.from_dict(data)
+    assert str(exc_info.value) == (
+        "Version in 'bar-1.0.tar.gz' is not consistent "
+        "with package version '2.0' in 'packages[0].sdist'"
+    )
+
+
 def test_pylock_invalid_wheel() -> None:
     data = {
         "lock-version": "1.0",