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   <h1>Computing Methods for Physics</h1>

<div class="post news-cont">
   <?php include("Didattica/cmp/news.html") ?>
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<div class="post">

  <h2 class="title">Accademic year 2020/21</h2>
  Students that intend to attend this course in Fall 2020 are kindly invited
  to <a href="https://www.phys.uniroma1.it/fisica/archivionotizie/questionario-le-matricole-e-gli-iscritti-aa-2020/21">fill this form</a> and register on
  <a href="https://classroom.google.com/c/MTM3MDE2MjEyMzYw?cjc=bvcru2c">google classroom code: bvcru2c</a>
    for all future communications.
    <p>Detailed information available on
      <a href="https://corsidilaurea.uniroma1.it/it/users/shahramrahatlouuniroma1it">catalogo dei corsi di studio</a>.</p>

<h2 class="title">Orario Lezioni</h2>
          <p><b>Lectures start on Tuesday 29 September 2020</b></p>
          <ul>
             <li> Tuesday 12-14, Aula 6 , Nuovo Edificio di Fisica</li>
             <li> Friday  12-14, Aula 6 , Nuovo Edificio di Fisica</li>
             <li> Lab Sessions: there will be about 5-6 lab sessions on Monday 9-12
               in Laboratorio di Calcolo, Nuovo Edificio di Fisica.
               The dates will be fixed once the number of students attending the course is fixed.</li>
          </ul>

<?php /*
   <h2 class="title">Student survey</h2>
   <p>Please fill this informal <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScMwRWGDYLbphrKOBqoEToqhGm-L4pg8DO7x8cAKFUt3dficw/viewform?usp=sf_link">survey module</a> by Tuesday 1 Oct to help me with the organisation of the course and lab sessions.</p>
   <p>You must use your uniroma1 credentials. In case of problems, please restart your browser  or log out of your private google account before accessing the form.</p>


<h2 class="title">Evaluation of the course by students (OPIS)</h2>
  <p>All students attending the course are kindly invited to fill the short survey on the
  evaluation of the course (OPIS) using the following code number.</p>
  <img src="Didattica/cmp/OPIS-CMP.png" width=95%>

  <p>See the <a href="https://www.uniroma1.it/sites/default/files/field_file_allegati/vadevecum_opis_eng_27_11_2018_002_modalita_compatibilita.pdf">instructions</a> on filling the survey.</p>

*/ ?>

<h2 class="title">Material</h2>

(Old websites: <a href="index.php?link=Didattica&sublink=2018.cmp">2018</a>,
<a href="index.php?link=Didattica&sublink=2019.cmp">2019</a>)

<!-- begin lectures -->
<ul>

<li>
Lec 01, 29/9: Introduction to the course
</li>

<?php /*

Lec 01, 24/9: Introduction to the course (<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec00/introduction.pdf">introduction</a>). Introduction to C++.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec01/lec01.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec01/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>Lec 02, 27/9: References and pointers in C++. Constant. Namespace. Introduction to Class.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec02/lec02.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec02/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 03,  1/10: Classes and objects in C++. Interface and attributes. Constructors. Separating interface and implementation. Header and source files.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec03/lec03.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec03/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 04, 4/10: Header and source files. Dynamic memory allocation. Destructor. Using class std::vector.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec04/lec04.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec04/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 05, 8/10: Destructor. const member functions. Default arguments for functions.
Applications in C++. Arguments from command line. external libraries. Introduction to ROOT.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec05/lec05.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec05/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 06, 15/10:
Numerical convolution: Gaussian detector resolution and monochromatic source. Gaussian convolution of
exponential decay length distribution.
Dynamically allocated object as data members. Overloading operators. Adding operators to class Datum.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec06/lec06.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec06/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 07, 18/10: Overloading operators and friend methods. Static data members and
methods. Application to compute weighted average.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec07/lec07.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec07/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 08, 22/10:
Example of static data member in class Datum. Enumerators. use case for
std::map, std::pair, and std::vector. class Vector3D.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec08/lec08.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec08/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 09, 25/10:
Input/Output with TTree and TFile. Random Generators in ROOT. Using ROOT classes for functions and fitting.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec09">md</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec09/examples/">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lab 01, 28/10: Design and implementation of a class for Complex numbers and their algebra.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lab/sessions.md">md</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 10, 29/10, Data storage with TTree. Input and output. Branches with variable size.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec10/lec10.md">md</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec10/examples/">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 11, 5/11:
Input/Output of custom class objects with TTree. Reading of TTree created by others: Application for analysis of TTree.
Creating custom analysis class.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec11/lec11.md">md</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec11/examples">examples</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/misc/ROOT.md">ROOT setup and configuration</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 12, 8/11:
Object oriented programming: Inheritance. Base and derived class.
Polymorphism with virtual methods.
Examples of Shape, Particle, Person, Function and their use case.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec12/lec12.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec12/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lab 02, 11/11 9:30-12:00:
finishing Complex class and exercises with ROOT.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lab/sessions.md">md</a>)
</li>


<li>
Lec 13, 12/11:
Polymorphism: abstract class. Applications.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec13/lec13.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec13/examples">examples</a>)
Strategy pattern: examples and applications: Numerical integration methods. custom Function class.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec13/strategy.md">md</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec13/examples1">examples</a>)
</li>


<li>
Lab 03, 18/11 9:30-12:00:
Implement numerical integration methods with the Strategy Pattern.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lab/sessions.md">md</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 14, 19/11:
Composition pattern: examples and applications: leaf and composites in graphical applications.
Example of a solar system simulation with composite objects.
Examples in high energy phyiscs: tracks, photons, electrons, jets.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec14/lec14.md">md</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec14/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 15, 22/11:
Templates and generic programming in C++. Template functions and classes.
STL containers. Error handling with exceptions.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec15/lec15.pdf">pdf</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec15/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lab 04, 25/11 9:30-12:00:
Input of TTree from file, use of MakeClass for analysis, plots of kinematic variables and invariant mass.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lab/sessions.md">md</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 16, 26/11:
Makefile: usage and examples with implicit rules. (<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/makefile/makefile.md">md</a>)
Introduction to Python. Main differences with C/C++.
Introduction to <a href="https://jupyter.org">jupyter</a>.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec16/lec16.md">md</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec16/examples">examples</a>)
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/misc/DownloadNotebook.md">HOWTO download the lecture notebook</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 17, 29/11:
Makefile: custom recipes, variables and functions, building libraries. (<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/makefile/makefile.md">md</a>, <a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/makefile/examples/">examples</a>)
Basics of python: semantics, flow control, data types, functions, modules.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec17/lec17.ipynb">jupyter notebook</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec17/examples">examples</a>)
</li>


<li>
Lab 05, 2/12 9:30-12:00: study of energy loss by ionisation and the Bragg peak in matter
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lab/sessions.md">md</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 18, 3/12: data types in python: sequences. Lists, Tuples. Example of
plotting with matplotlib. Dictionaries.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec18/lec18.ipynb">jupyter notebook</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec18/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 19, 6/12: Data types in python: Dictionaries and sets. Comprehensions.
data analysis with sets, lists, dicts. Plotting a histogram. NumPy arrays:
revisiting motion of a body under gravity. Animated plots with matplotlib.
Function with multiple return values in python
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec19/lec19.ipynb">jupyter notebook</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec19/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lab 06, 9/12 9:30-12:00: motion in 3D with friction
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lab/sessions.md">md</a>)
</li>


<li>
Lec 20, 10/12: Numpy and array-oriented programming with ndarray. Example of random walk with arrays.
File I/O and handling in python. Functions with variable number of arguments.
Command line arguments for python programs.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec20/lec20.ipynb">jupyter notebook</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec20/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lab 07, 16/12 9:30-12:00: python
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lab/sessions.md">md</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 21, 17/12: Classes, inheritance, and polymorphism in Python
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec21/lec21.ipynb">jupyter notebook</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec21/examples">examples</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 22, 20/12:
Brief introduction to  Machine Learning and its applications.
Types of Machine Learning and main challenges. Examples.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec22/lec22.md">md</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 23, 10/1: Binary classification with with scikit-learn. Precision and recall.
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec23/classification-example.ipynb">jupyter notebook</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lec 24, 13/1 9:30-12:00: Binary classification: the ROC curve. examples in particle physics
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/lec23/classification-example.ipynb">jupyter notebook</a>)
</li>

<li>
Lab 08, 15/1 13:00-16:00: Implemenation of a vicinity sensor with Arduino using an ultrasonic module
(<a href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/tree/CMP2019/arduino/arduino.md">md</a>)
</li>

*/ ?>

</ul> <!-- end of lectures -->

  <h2 class="title">Useful resources</h2>
  <ul>
    <li> VirtualBox:
      If you have a windows or MacOS machine you can use a virtual
      linux machine.
      <ol>
        <li>Install the free
          <a href="https://www.virtualbox.org">virtual box application</a></li>
        <li>In your browser download the <a
href="http://labcalc.fisica.uniroma1.it/docenti/rahatlou/public_html/VM/Ubuntu18.04-cmp-64bit.ova">Ubuntu18.04-cmp-64bit.ova</a>
which is a virtual machine based on Ubuntu 18.04, and has ROOT
and python tools already installed, and the bash and csh
environements configured.</li>
        <li>You can now double-click on this ova file
(image of a vitual machine) and you you see Ubuntu starting
up in a window</a>
        <li> the system will start up without asking for
username and password. The user is called <em>student</em>
and the password is <em>physics</em>. You will only need
the password to update or add new packages for example for
python.
</li>
</ol>
</li>
    <li>C++ compiler for Windows: you can <a href="https://tutorials.visualstudio.com/cpp-console/install">install the free version of Visual Studio</a></li>
    <li>C++ compiler for Mac OS: it is available for free as part of XCode. You need to install the "command line tools". See for example <a href="http://www.edparrish.net/common/macgpp.php">these simple instructions</a>.

<li>C++: useful C++ reference guides <a
href="http://www.cplusplus.com">Cplusplus.com</a>,
<a href="https://www.cppreference.com/">cppreference.com</a></li>

<li>ROOT: framework for data analysis. Checkout the
website at <a href="http://root.cern.ch" >root.cern</a>. The <a href="https://root.cern.ch/guides/reference-guide" >reference
guid</a>e is all you need to navigate exisiting
classes. You can browse it online or download on your
machine. See also the <a href="https://root.cern.ch/downloading-root" >installation guide</a> for setting up
your machine. Unless you have special needs (e.g. old operating system) you should use the PRO version.
<br>
See  a <a
href="https://github.com/rahatlou/CMP/blob/master/misc/ROOT.md">short summary on setting up ROOT</a> on
your machine. </li>

<li>Arduino: the official arduino website
<a href="https://www.arduino.cc"
>https://www.arduino.cc</a> is a good starting point
for beginners</li>

<li>Python: the <a href="https://www.python.org/" >official python</a> website is a good
resource for introduction to Python. Check out also <a
href="https://pythonprogramming.net"
>https://pythonprogramming.net</a> for targgetted and
specific tutorials. </li>

<li>jupyter: open-source web application for writing
documents and live code in many languages, including
C++ and python. A good starting point is <a href="https://jupyter.org" >https://jupyter.org</a> </li>

<li>scikit-learn: is a kit for  machine-learning in
python. Valuable info available at their webiste <a href="http://scikit-learn.org" >http://scikit-learn.org</a> </li>

<li>pandas: Python Data Analysis Library: provides high-performance, easy-to-use data structures
and data analysis tools in python. Details at <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org">http://pandas.pydata.org</a></li>

</ul> <!-- useful resources -->



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