From 89d931b241443b54e37fe6a17bdaa54b3c25069f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: brendaharriet877 Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2025 15:07:27 +0300 Subject: [PATCH] Assignments summary None --- README.md | 112 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 110 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 82970e0..330dfe1 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,2 +1,110 @@ -# Statistical-IT -Statistical IT +Brenda Chepngeno +SCM222-0863/2025 +IT IN STATISTICS +Computer - is an electronic device that process data, converting into information that is useful to people +Examples of computers +Desktop computer +Workstation +Notebook computers +Tablet computer +Smart phones +Handheld computers +Types of computers +Personal computer - small scale epidemiological analysis, individual portfolio modelling +Workstation +Minicomputers - +Supercomputer +Mainframe computer + +IT- use of computer , software, network and electric system to store ,process transmit and retrieve information + +Fundamentals of computer operations +1.Input- process of entering data or instructions into the computer +Input devices included : keyboard, microphone,mouse, scanner +2.Processing this is where the computer manipulates and transform data to process meaningful information using Central processing unit +Importance of CPU architecture +a)ALU- handle numerical and logical operations +b)CU- orchestrates tasks, fetching and decoding instructions +c) Registers -functions include +‌they hold data in the CPU which prevents it from being lost +‌they offer temporal storage of data +‌enable transfer of data from one point to another + +3.Output devices which include the monitor,printer,speakers and projector +4.Storage +Primary storage +RAM- temporary storage for active programs +ROM permanent memory that stores essential instruments +Secondary storage +Hard disk,SSD,flash disk, memory card,CD/DVD +Role of operating system +Managing hardware +Running applications +Handling files +Allocating memory +Co-ordinating input and output +Ensuring security + +COMPUTER HARDWARE BASICS +It refers to physical parts of a computer system that you can see and touch +Input devices-used to enter data and instructions to the computer they include: keyboard,mouse, scanner, microphone,webcam, joystick. +Output devices -display or produce results from the computer they include: monitor,printers, projector, speaker +Processing devices -it is the manipulation of data to produce Information.It is mainly done by the CPU +Storage devices +‌ Primary storage - RAM- temporary storage for active programs +-ROM- permanent memory that stores essential instructions +Secondary storage - hard disk,SSD,flash disk, memory card, CD/DVD +Communication device +Enable data transfer between computers they include modern, network interface card,WiFi adapter +Internal components of a computer +Motherboard - connects all components and allows communication between them +CPU-process and manipulate data to process information +RAM-stores data and instructions temporarily +Power supply unit-supplies electrical power to the computer +Hard disk drice- uses magnetic platter to store data permanently +Cooling system - prevents overheating by cooling + COMPUTER SOFTWARE BASICS +It refers to the program instructions and data unit that tell a computer what to do +‌microsoft excel- a spreadsheet program used to enter, organise,analyse and calculate data using columns and formulas +‌microsoft access- database management system used to store , organise retrieve and manage data +‌python- is a high level general purpose programming language + Python libraries include: numpy,pandas matplotlib, seaborne and plotly +1.Numpy-used for numerical computing.It is imported as np +2.Pandas-used for data manipulation and analysis.It is imported as pd +3.matplotlib-is the foundation of data visualization in python.It is imported ply +4.seaborn-is a python data visualization library built on top of matplotlib designed to make plot more attractive and easier to create .It is imported as sns +5.plotly-is a library for creating interactive and visually appealing plots.It is imported as px + + +DATA AND DATA FILES +Data- raw facts and figures that have not yet been processed +Data files-are digital container used to store structures for future processing +Information -is processed data that is meaningful and useful +Types of data files +1 text files +2.binary files +3.documeny files +4.spreadsheet files +5.database files +Advantage of data and data files in statics +1.easy storage and organisation +2.fast retrieval +3.easy sharing and transfer +4.improved accuracy +Limitation of data and data files +Corruption risk +Risk of loss +Version control problems +Compatibility issues + +DISK STORAGE FUNDAMENTALS +Secondary storage devices that permanently stored datastorage devices that permanently stored data +Storage measurements +Bit-0 or 1 +Bytes- 8 bits +Kilobytes-1024bytes +Megabytes-1024KB +Gigabyte -1024MB +Terabytes -1024GB +Importance - storage drives determine data access speed ,realibility and system performance +Applications - used in backup system cloud storage database , enterprise serves multimedia libraries and personal computer.