diff --git a/src/agent_scan/direct_scanner.py b/src/agent_scan/direct_scanner.py
index c749039..ad1f76e 100644
--- a/src/agent_scan/direct_scanner.py
+++ b/src/agent_scan/direct_scanner.py
@@ -20,18 +20,24 @@ def is_direct_scan(path: str) -> bool:
 
 
 async def scan_streamable_https(url: str, secure=True):
-    config_file = f"""
-{{
-    "mcpServers": {{
-        "http-mcp-server": {{
-            "url": "http{"s" if secure else ""}://{url}"
-        }}
-    }}
-}}
-    """
-
-    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-        tmp.write(config_file.encode())
+    # Validate URL to prevent injection attacks
+    if not url or len(url) > 2048:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid URL: URL is empty or too long")
+    # Prevent newlines and control characters that could break JSON or enable injection
+    if any(c in url for c in ['\n', '\r', '\x00', '\x01', '\x02', '\x03']):
+        raise ValueError("Invalid URL: URL contains control characters")
+
+    config = {
+        "mcpServers": {
+            "http-mcp-server": {
+                "url": f"http{'s' if secure else ''}://{url}"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    config_file = json.dumps(config, indent=4)
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', suffix='.json') as tmp:
+        tmp.write(config_file)
         tmp.flush()
         print(config_file)
         return await scan_mcp_config_file(tmp.name)
@@ -41,67 +47,116 @@ async def scan_streamable_http(url: str):
     return await scan_streamable_https(url, secure=False)
 
 
+def _validate_package_name(name: str) -> None:
+    """Validate package name to prevent injection attacks."""
+    if not name or len(name) > 214:  # npm package name max length
+        raise ValueError("Invalid package name: name is empty or too long")
+    # Prevent control characters and path traversal attempts
+    if any(c in name for c in ['\n', '\r', '\x00', '\x01', '\x02', '\x03', '..', '/', '\\']):
+        raise ValueError("Invalid package name: contains invalid characters")
+
+
+def _validate_version(version: str) -> None:
+    """Validate version string to prevent injection attacks."""
+    if not version:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid version: version is empty")
+    if len(version) > 100:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid version: version is too long")
+    # Only allow alphanumeric, dots, hyphens, and underscores (semver-compatible)
+    allowed_chars = set("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789.-_")
+    if not all(c in allowed_chars for c in version):
+        raise ValueError("Invalid version: contains invalid characters")
+
+
 async def scan_npm(package_name: str):
-    name, version = package_name.split("@") if "@" in package_name else (package_name, "latest")
-
-    config_file = f"""{{
-    "mcpServers": {{
-        "{name}": {{
-            "command": "npx",
-            "args": [
-                "-y",
-                "{name}@{version}"
-            ],
-            "type": "stdio",
-            "env": {{}}
-        }}
-    }}
-}}"""
-
-    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-        tmp.write(config_file.encode())
+    if "@" in package_name:
+        # Handle scoped packages like @scope/name@version
+        parts = package_name.rsplit("@", 1)
+        if package_name.startswith("@"):
+            name = "@" + parts[0][1:]  # Keep the @ for scoped packages
+            version = parts[1] if len(parts) > 1 else "latest"
+        else:
+            name, version = parts[0], parts[1]
+    else:
+        name, version = package_name, "latest"
+
+    _validate_package_name(name)
+    _validate_version(version)
+
+    config = {
+        "mcpServers": {
+            name: {
+                "command": "npx",
+                "args": ["-y", f"{name}@{version}"],
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "env": {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    config_file = json.dumps(config, indent=4)
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', suffix='.json') as tmp:
+        tmp.write(config_file)
         tmp.flush()
         return await scan_mcp_config_file(tmp.name)
 
 
 async def scan_pypi(package_name: str):
-    name, version = package_name.split("@") if "@" in package_name else (package_name, "latest")
-    config_file = f"""{{
-    "mcpServers": {{
-        "{name}": {{
-            "command": "uvx",
-            "args": [
-                "{name}@{version}"
-            ],
-            "type": "stdio",
-            "env": {{}}
-        }}
-    }}
-}}"""
-
-    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-        tmp.write(config_file.encode())
+    if "@" in package_name:
+        name, version = package_name.rsplit("@", 1)
+    else:
+        name, version = package_name, "latest"
+
+    _validate_package_name(name)
+    _validate_version(version)
+
+    config = {
+        "mcpServers": {
+            name: {
+                "command": "uvx",
+                "args": [f"{name}@{version}"],
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "env": {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    config_file = json.dumps(config, indent=4)
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', suffix='.json') as tmp:
+        tmp.write(config_file)
         tmp.flush()
         return await scan_mcp_config_file(tmp.name)
 
 
+def _validate_oci_url(oci_url: str) -> None:
+    """Validate OCI URL to prevent injection attacks."""
+    if not oci_url or len(oci_url) > 255:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid OCI URL: URL is empty or too long")
+    # Prevent control characters and shell metacharacters
+    if any(c in oci_url for c in ['\n', '\r', '\x00', '\x01', '\x02', '\x03', ';', '&', '|', '$', '`']):
+        raise ValueError("Invalid OCI URL: contains invalid characters")
+    # Basic OCI reference format validation (registry/repository:tag or registry/repository@digest)
+    if oci_url.startswith("/") or oci_url.endswith("/"):
+        raise ValueError("Invalid OCI URL: cannot start or end with slash")
+
+
 async def scan_oci(oci_url: str):
-    config_file = f"""{{
-    "mcpServers": {{
-        "{oci_url}": {{
-            "command": "docker",
-            "args": [
-                "run", "-i", "--rm",
-                "{oci_url}"
-            ],
-            "type": "stdio",
-            "env": {{}}
-        }}
-    }}
-}}"""
-
-    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp:
-        tmp.write(config_file.encode())
+    _validate_oci_url(oci_url)
+
+    config = {
+        "mcpServers": {
+            oci_url: {
+                "command": "docker",
+                "args": ["run", "-i", "--rm", oci_url],
+                "type": "stdio",
+                "env": {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    config_file = json.dumps(config, indent=4)
+
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', suffix='.json') as tmp:
+        tmp.write(config_file)
         tmp.flush()
         return await scan_mcp_config_file(tmp.name)