Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses statistical techniques, programming, data analysis, and machine learning to extract insights and knowledge from structured and unstructured data. It lies at the intersection of mathematics, computer science, and domain expertise.
Important
Welcome to the Data Science assignment repository! This assignment, developed as part of a Coursera course, covers key data science concepts and practical coding exercises in Jupyter Notebook. Below is a summary of what you will find in this repository.
- Understand and list popular languages used in Data Science
- Explore essential libraries and tools for data science workflows
- Apply basic arithmetic operations within a Jupyter Notebook
- Perform unit conversions (e.g., converting minutes to hours)
- Practice using Markdown and Code cells in Jupyter Notebook
Data science - details
1] Data Collection: Gathering data from various sources: databases, APIs, sensors, web scraping, etc.
2] Data Cleaning and Preprocessing: Handling missing data, removing duplicates, fixing errors, normalizing formats.
3] Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA: Using statistics and visualization to understand patterns, trends, and anomalies.
4] Feature Engineering: Creating meaningful variables from raw data to improve model performance.
5] Model Building: Applying machine learning algorithms (e.g., regression, classification, clustering.
6] Model Evaluation: Testing model accuracy using metrics like precision, recall, F1-score, RMSE, etc.
7] Deployment: Integrating the model into a real-world application using tools like Flask, Docker, or cloud services
8] Monitoring and Maintenance: Tracking model performance over time and retraining when necessary.
Data Manipulation & Analysis – NumPy, Pandas, Dask
Data Visualization – Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, Altair
Machine Learning – scikit-learn, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, Hugging Face Transformers, TensorFlow, PyTorch
Deep Learning – Keras, PyTorch Lightning, ONNX
Model Deployment – Flask, FastAPI, Streamlit, Gradio, Docker
1] Statistics & Probability – Foundational math for inference and predictions
2] Linear Algebra – Vectors, matrices — core of ML models
3] Calculus – Gradient descent, optimization
4] Machine Learning – Algorithms to learn from data
5] Deep Learning – Neural networks and deep architectures
6] NLP (Natural Language Processing) – Working with text and language
7] Computer Vision – Image and video analysis
8] Big Data – Working with large-scale data
9] Data Engineering – Pipelines, ETL, data storage
10] Model Deployment – Turning models into APIs/apps
11] MLOps – Production lifecycle of ML models
12] Data Visualization – Communicating insights effectively
13] Cloud & DevOps – Using AWS, Azure, GCP for scalable data solutions
1] Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) – Missing data, outliers, visualization
2] Feature Engineering – Encoding, scaling, transformations
3] Model Evaluation – Accuracy, precision, recall, ROC, AUC
4] Hyperparameter Tuning – GridSearch, RandomSearch, Optuna
5] Dimensionality Reduction – PCA, t-SNE, UMAP
6] Time Series Analysis – ARIMA, LSTM, Prophet
7] Unsupervised Learning – Clustering (KMeans, DBSCAN), PCA
8] Supervised Learning – Regression, classification
9] Neural Networks – CNN, RNN, GAN, transformers
10] Recommendation Systems – Collaborative filtering, content-based
11] Data Cleaning & Wrangling – Imputation, normalization, data types
Data Science enables organizations to:
1] Make data-driven decisions
2] Predict future trends
3] Automate processes using machine learning
4] Improve customer experiences and optimize operations
2] UCI Machine Learning Repository
3] Google Dataset Search
4] Data.gov
2] Coursera Data Science Specialization
3] Fast.ai Courses
4] Harvard CS109 – Data Science
1] Drug Discovery & Personalized Medicine
Use Case: Analyzing genetic data and molecular structures to discover new drugs faster and more effectively.
How: Machine learning models predict how a drug will interact with human proteins, reducing the need for trial-and-error in labs.
2] Satellite Image Analysis & Earth Observation
Use Case: Monitoring deforestation, urban expansion, and climate change from space.
How: Computer vision applied to satellite imagery to track environmental changes in near real-time.
3] Neuroinformatics & Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)
Use Case: Interpreting brain signals to control external devices or assist people with disabilities.
How: ML models decode EEG/fMRI data to enable mind-controlled prosthetics or communication devices.
4] Legal Analytics & Predictive Judging
Use Case: Predicting the outcome of legal cases or analyzing judge rulings.
How: NLP and ML models analyze vast amounts of case law and court data to assist legal research and strategy.
5] Content Generation & Scriptwriting
Use Case: Assisting in writing movie scripts or generating realistic dialogue.
How: NLP and generative models trained on film scripts, books, or dialogues to suggest or generate creative writing.
6] Game Analytics & Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment
Use Case: Making video games adapt to player skill in real time for better engagement.
How: Analyzing gameplay data to adjust difficulty, recommend challenges, or predict player churn.
7] Smart City Optimization
Use Case: Managing traffic, energy consumption, and emergency response in real time.
How: Integrating IoT sensor data with predictive analytics to optimize urban infrastructure.
8] Synthetic Biology & Genomic Sequencing
Use Case: Designing synthetic organisms or editing genes more efficiently.
How: Data science models help map and understand genetic patterns to identify gene targets for editing (CRISPR, etc.)
9] Adaptive Learning Systems in EdTech
Use Case: Personalizing learning paths for students.
How: Tracking student performance data and recommending content or pace adjustment using ML.
10] Social Good & Policy Simulation
Use Case: Simulating the outcome of policy changes (e.g., taxation, healthcare).
How: Data models trained on socio-economic datasets to project real-world impact of policies.
