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Nikolina Djekic edited this page Mar 3, 2022 · 22 revisions

Installing Selenium

  1. Install Java and validate that Java is installed by going to "C://ProgramFiles/Java"
    • Java 8+
    • setup Environment variables - JAVA_HOME (path to JRE)
  2. Install IDE of choice (IJ or Eclipse)
  3. Setup Maven project
  4. Install dependencies Maven repository

Classes and objects used in Selenium

  1. driver - as mentioned on driver setting
  2. dropdown 
       WebElement name = driver.findElement(By.id("ID"));
   Select dropdown =  new Select(name);

Properties file

  • src/data.properties

         // data.properties
   browser=chrome
  url="rahulshettyacademy.com"
     // class
   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
     Properties prop = new Properties();
     FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("C:\\Users\\inani\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\Selenium\\src\\data.properties");
     prop.load(fis);
     System.out.println(prop.getProperty("browser"));

   //set property locally
   prop.setProperty("browser", "firefox");
   
   // set property back into file
   prop.setProperty("browser", "firefox");

    FileOutputStream  fos = new FileOutputStream("C:\\Users\\inani\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\Selenium\\src\\data.properties");
    prop.store(fos, null);
 }

Drivers

  1. Chrome driver

     System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Program Files\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");
 WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

  2. Firefox driver

         System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:\\Program Files\\Drivers\\geckodriver.exe");
     Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

  3. Edge driver

         System.setProperty("webdriver.edge.driver", "C:\\Program Files\\Drivers\\msedgedriver.exe");
     WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();

Webdriver methods

  1. get() - by default waits for page to load
  2. navigate().to("URL") - navigate while in script 
       driver.navigate().to("https://rahulshettyacademy");
   // browser back and forward
   driver.navigate().back();
   driver.navigate().forward();
  3. getCurrentUrl()
  4. close() and quit()
    • Close and quit are doing seeminglz the same thing but there are certain differences.
    • close() method closes only the originally opened window by selenium
    • quit() method closes ALL opened windows that are created by Selenium
  5. sendKeys() - type into filed
  6. click()
  7. getText()
  8. manage() - configurations 
       // max, min, fullscreen
   driver.manage().window().maximize();
   driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() // or delete cookie with name, delete only one cookie...
  9. keyDown(Keys.KEY) - Simulate pressing the key
  10. .switchTo().defaultContent(); - to switch to default content on page

Dropdown methods / Checkboxes

  1. selectByIndex()
  2. selectByValue() - what is the exact value of option
  3. selectByVisibleText() - what we see as users
  4. getFirstSelectedOption()
  5. isSelected() - returns true or false

  • snippet for listing all elements of list and clicking on one particular

       List<WebElement> options = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(".ui-menu-item a"));

     for (WebElement option :options){
         if(option.getText().equalsIgnoreCase("India")){
             option.click();
             break;
         }
     }

  • Static dropdown selection

           WebElement staticDropdown = driver.findElement(By.id("exampleFormControlSelect1"));
        Select dropdown = new Select(staticDropdown);

Selenium Relative locators

  • above()
  • below()
  • toLeftOf()
  • toRightOf()
import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.*;

  driver.findElement(with(By.tagName("label")).above(nameEditBox));

Selectors

ID

driver.findElement(By.id("inputUsername"));

Class name

driver.findElement(By.className("inputUsername"));

CSS Selectors

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".inputUsername"));
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#inputUsername"));
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#inputUsername:nth-child(5)"));
//contains text - =*

Link text - works only for tags 

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Forgot your password?"));

XPath

  • Install SelectorsHub plugin Download link
  • //tagname[@attribute='value'][index]
  • div > p -> //div/p
  • bytext - //button[text()='Log Out']
  • sibling to sibling -> //header/div/button/following-sibling::TAGNAME[INDEX]
  • child to parent (reverse)-> //header/div/button/parent::TAGNAME[INDEX].
  • second occurance of xpath -> (xpath)[2]
  • parent to child -> //xpath SPACE //xpath
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".inputUsername"));

Actions / Child Windows / iFrames

Actions - Class that handles actions in Selenium

  // contextClick() - right click
  Actions a = new Actions(driver);
  a.moveToElement(element).contextClick().build().perform();
  a.moveToElement(element).click().keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("hello").doubleClick().build().perform();
  a.dragAndDrop(element, elementDestination).build().perform();

Child Windows - tabs, new windows

  • switching to child windows and back

       //        how many windows is opened in Selenium - get all of them and set them in collection Set
       Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles(); //[parentId, childId]
        Iterator<String> it = windows.iterator();
        String parentId = it.next(); // [0] index
        String childId = it.next(); //[1] index, for all additional we can add more variables and type       it.next();
//        we need to switch to child window
        driver.switchTo().window(childId);

  • invoking child windows

       driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
   driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);

iFrames

 driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("")));
driver.switchTo().frame(0); //by index

Assertions

TestNG assertions

  1. Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);
  2. .assertFalse, .assertTrue
  3. SOFT ASSERTIONS - test continues after failing until finished. 
        SoftAssert soft = new SoftAssert();
    soft.assertTrue(responseCode < 400, "The link with text" + link.getText() + " is broken with code " + responseCode);
    // after all code executed, outside all loops
    soft.assertAll();

Common errors and solutions

  • ALERT switching and methods

       driver.switchTo().alert();
   // .accept(), .getText(), .dismiss()

  • Synchronization in Selenium

    • Implicit Wait - set globally - wait for X seconds before failing test. If content is loaded before X seconds test continues - it does not wait for X seconds to pass first 
          driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(2))
    • Explicit Wait - target specific element or scenario and set wait period 
         WebDriverWait w = new WebDriverWait(driver,Duration.ofSeconds(5));
   w.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector("span.promo-info")));
    • Thread.sleep - part of Java, no actions during that time - explicit - it will wait for exactly X seconds
    • Fluent wait - keeps repeatedly finding of element at regular intervals of time until the object gets found. Webdriver Wait keeps finding element for every millisecond until object gets found. Link for information

  • Change/Limit SCOPE of driver

WebElement footerDriver = driver.findElement(By.id("gf-BIG"));
// use footerDriver as regular driver
  • SSL Certificate hack
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        // FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
        options.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);
        
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Program Files\\Drivers\\chromedriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
  • Screenshots in Selenium
        File src = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
        Files.copy(src,new File("C:/Users/Ina/Desktop/screenshots/screenshot.png"));
        
        // partial screenshots of WebElements
 File file =  nameField.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

        FileUtils.copyFile(file, new File("C:/Users/inani/OneDrive/Desktop/logo.png"));

// importujemo klase: 
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
  • Scan all links and check if there are any broken ones
        List<WebElement> links = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("li[class='gf-li'] a"));
        SoftAssert soft = new SoftAssert();
        for (WebElement link : links) {

            String url = link.getAttribute("href");
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
            conn.setRequestMethod("HEAD");
            conn.connect();
            int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
            soft.assertTrue(responseCode < 400, "The link with text" + link.getText() + " is broken with code " + responseCode);

        }
        soft.assertAll();

  • Get height and width of element

     nameField.getRect().getDimension().getWidth()

Selenium Grid TODO

Smart proxy server that makes running tests in parallel on multiple machines

  • Documentation
  • Download JAR - Selenium Server(Grid)
  • To start hub - bash java -jar selenium-server-<version>.jar hub
  • Check webdrivers - bash java -jar selenium-server-4.1.2.jar node --detect-drivers true image

CDP - Chrome DevTools Protocol

  • Link
  • Selenium methods wrap CDP protocols to grant access to Chrome DevTools directly from automated tests

Written by Ninna94

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