📌 Complete Tutorial on Routing in Laravel

1. Definition of Routing in Laravel

In Laravel, Route is responsible for determining what happens when a user requests a specific address (URL).

Routing is the bridge between the URL that the user requested and the application logic (Controller, View, Closure Function).

Example:

User → Browser → /about → Route → Controller or View → Response to user

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2. Route definition location

Main route files in routes/ folder:

• web.php → For web requests (with Session and CSRF)
• api.php → For APIs (without Session)
• console.php → Console routes (Artisan Commands)
• channels.php → Channel routes for Broadcast

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3. Types of Route Definition

3.1 Simple route with Closure

Route::get('/about', function () {
return 'About Us Page';
});

3.2 Route to a View

Route::get('/contact', function () {
return view('contact');
});

3.3 Route to a Controller

Route::get('/products', [ProductController::class, 'index']);

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4. HTTP Methods in Route

• GET → Get Data
• POST → Send Data
• PUT/PATCH → Update Data
• DELETE → Delete Data
• ANY → Any Method
• MATCH → Multiple Specific Methods

Example:

Route::post('/form', [FormController::class, 'store']);
Route::delete('/product/{id}', [ProductController::class, 'destroy']);

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5. Parameters in Route

5.1 Required

Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) {
return "User ID: $id";
});

5.2 Optional

Route::get('/user/{name?}', function ($name = 'Guest') {
return "Hello $name";
});

5.3 Validation with Regex

Route::get('/product/{id}', function ($id) {
return "Product ID $id";
})->where('id', '[0-9]+');

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6. Route Naming

Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index'])->name('dashboard');

In Blade: Blade dashboard

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## 7. Route grouping
### 7.1 with Prefix
```php
Route::prefix('admin')->group(function () { 
Route::get('/users', [AdminController::class, 'users']); 
Route::get('/posts', [AdminController::class, 'posts']);
});

7.2 with Middleware

Route::middleware(['auth'])->group(function () { 
Route::get('/profile', [UserController::class, 'profile']); 
Route::get('/settings', [UserController::class, 'settings']);
});

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8. Route Resource (Fast CRUD)

Route::resource('products', ProductController::class);

The following routes are created:

• index
• create
• store
• show
• edit
• update
• destroy

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9. Route Fallback (404 page)

Route::fallback(function () {
return view('errors.404');
});

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10. Caching Routes

php artisan route:cache
php artisan route:clear

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📚Conclusion

Routing is one of the most important parts of Laravel that handles requests and responses. By using Routes properly, you can create a clean, secure, and maintainable structure.