Better Sum-check Docstrings For spartan (Stages 1-3)

[abiswas3]

As part of ongoing formal verification of Jolt in Lean, we have had to extract all the sum-checks and constraints in Jolt in their simplest explicit form.
More precisely:

• Each sum-check is described only in terms of Virtual Or Real Polynomials.
• The Schwartz-Zippel randomness and Sum-check randomness is explicitly specified.
• The verifier opening claim is explicitly stated.
• The caching of prover openings is tracked in the documentations.
• We will auto-derive a reduction DAG from this, and this will help iron out bugs.

Other stages will follow shortly, this week.
In the near future, these docs will be programmatically autogenerated from the implementation.
For now, they have been hand-checked for accuracy, and then Claudius Caesar did a diff with the code and my notes.

Running

cargo clean --doc &&cargo doc --no-deps --document-private-items -p jolt-core && python3 -m http.server 8080 --directory target/doc

Should auto generate docs that look like the attached screenshots.

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[moodlezoup]

#1255 removes the IsRdNotZero flag and related constraints, so I believe the docstrings for outer.rs and product.rs need to be updated

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[abiswas3]

I'll update this early next week with the rest of the sum-checks. Thanks Michael.