GH-49569: [CI][Python][C++] Add check targetting Apple clang on deciding whether to use std::bit_width or std::log2p1

[raulcd]

Rationale for this change

Clang 15.0.7 (/opt/homebrew/bin/clang++) - Homebrew LLVM fails compiling with:

   FAILED: [code=1] CMakeFiles/arrow_python.dir/pyarrow/src/arrow/python/arrow_to_pandas.cc.o
  /opt/homebrew/bin/ccache /opt/homebrew/bin/clang++ -DARROW_HAVE_NEON -DARROW_PYTHON_EXPORTING -Darrow_python_EXPORTS -I/Users/runner/work/arrow/arrow/build/python/pyarrow/src -I/var/folders/gj/d1t24fg93wbdl854js_qwvb00000gn/T/tmpj20nqu3c/build/pyarrow/src -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/include/python3.11 -I/tmp/local/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/numpy/_core/include -fno-aligned-new  -Wall -Wno-unknown-warning-option -Wno-pass-failed -march=armv8-a  -Qunused-arguments -fcolor-diagnostics  -fno-omit-frame-pointer -Wno-unused-variable -Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-missing-declarations -Wno-sometimes-uninitialized -Wno-return-type-c-linkage -g -O0  -std=c++20 -arch arm64 -mmacosx-version-min=12 -fPIC -Wno-parentheses-equality -MD -MT CMakeFiles/arrow_python.dir/pyarrow/src/arrow/python/arrow_to_pandas.cc.o -MF CMakeFiles/arrow_python.dir/pyarrow/src/arrow/python/arrow_to_pandas.cc.o.d -o CMakeFiles/arrow_python.dir/pyarrow/src/arrow/python/arrow_to_pandas.cc.o -c /Users/runner/work/arrow/arrow/build/python/pyarrow/src/arrow/python/arrow_to_pandas.cc
  In file included from /Users/runner/work/arrow/arrow/build/python/pyarrow/src/arrow/python/arrow_to_pandas.cc:34:
  In file included from /tmp/local/include/arrow/array.h:41:
  In file included from /tmp/local/include/arrow/array/array_base.h:26:
  In file included from /tmp/local/include/arrow/array/data.h:32:
  /tmp/local/include/arrow/util/bit_util.h:145:15: error: no member named 'log2p1' in namespace 'std'
    return std::log2p1(x - 1);
           ~~~~~^
  1 error generated.

This seems to be the case of clang not having __cpp_lib_bitops defined but std::log2p1 having been removed.

What changes are included in this PR?

Check for __apple_build_version__ instead of __clang__ so non Apple Clang just uses std::bit_width

Are these changes tested?

Via CI

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

• GitHub Issue: [CI][Python][C++] macos 14 fails with missing std::log2p1 #49569

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-r-macos-as-cran test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #49569 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[github-actions]

Revision: 066bf57

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-576a7cbdce

Task	Status
test-r-macos-as-cran
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-r-macos-as-cran test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten

[github-actions]

Revision: a982f19

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-d0624cbd1c

Task	Status
test-r-macos-as-cran
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten

[raulcd]

Failing job is now successful:
https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/23339381294/job/67889069638?pr=49570

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-r-macos-as-cran test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten

[github-actions]

Revision: 4736f08

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-025f27de49

Task	Status
test-r-macos-as-cran
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten

[raulcd]

@kou @jonkeane what do you think about this. This was failing on the ARM64 macOS 14 Python 3 before but is now successful. The problem was with non-Apple clang on macOS. It failed using the one from homebrew.

[kou]

+1

I didn't know __apple_build_version__!