This is the data repository for the raw data for the paper Plant community, ecosystem and abiotic data from a global change experiment in mountain grasslands in Norway. Aud H. Halbritter, Joseph Gaudard, Helene Sandsten, Ieva Petrauskaite, Susanne Berthelsen, Gunnar Austrheim, Ingrid Dahle, Kari Klanderud, Linn Cecilie Krüger, Emma Little, Richard J. Telford, and Vigdis Vandvik

Summary

Multiple global change drivers including land-use and climate change, and pollution threaten alpine biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Experimental approaches can be used to disentangle the single and interactive effects of these drivers. Across three sites along an elevational gradient (469 - 1290 m a.s.l.) in south-western Norway, we exposed plant communities to warmer climate, nitrogen fertilization, and grazing, as well as simulated grazing by clipping, in a fully factorial design. After three years of treatment, we recorded data on vegetation, ecosystem functioning, and microclimate in 160 experimental and control plots. This database consists of records of the following datasets: aboveground standing biomass (3,417 records), aboveground plant productivity (2,071), reflectance (1,769), vascular plant community composition (8,954 records covering 95 taxa), belowground productivity and traits (796), soil characteristics (193), soil nutrient (1,132), ecosystem CO2 fluxes (2427), soil ecosystem CO2 respiration (64), and microclimate (30,751,264). The data can be combined with long-term climate and plant functional traits collected within the study region.

Figure 1 Experimental setup, location, and plot design. (a) Replicated experimental setup at the sub-alpine and alpine plant community along an elevational gradient with three sites. Inset shows map of Norway and location of experiment. The experiment includes a fully factorial design of warming by transplanting (2 levels), nitrogen addition (8 levels) and grazing and clipping (4 levels). The treatments are ambient (grey), warming (pink), nitrogen addition (colour gradient), ungrazed (C), intermediate (one scissor) and intensive (two scissors) clipping, and natural grazing outside the grazing exclosure (sheep). The arrows indicate the direction of transplant. (b) Map showing the location of the three sites: boreal, sub-alpine, and alpine sites. (c) Plot design with the outer area for destructive sampling and inner non-destructive area for long-term monitoring. The global change treatments (warming, nitrogen addition, clipping and grazing) were applied on the whole 50 x 50 cm plot.

More information about the project is on the Three-D wepage

Data description

The data outputs consist of 14 datasets, (i) elevation and coordinates collected from all sites, (ii) slope, aspect and soil depth from all plots in 2019, (iii) aboveground standing biomass from 2020 through 2022, (iv) aboveground productivity and biomass consumption from 2022, (v) reflectance from 2020 and 2022, (vi) below ground root productivity and traits from 2021 and 2022, (vii) vascular plant community composition (cover) from all plots in 2019–2022, (viii) vascular plant community composition presence at the subplot level from all plots from 2019 through 2022, (ix) vegetation structure (functional group cover and vegetation height) from all plots between 2019 and 2022 (x), soil characteristics data from 2019 and 2020, (xi) soil nutrients at site or plot level from 2019 to 2022, (xii) decomposition data from 2021 and 2022, (xiii) ecosystem CO₂ fluxes from 2020 to 2021 and soil respiration from 2021, and (xiv) microclimate from 2019 through 2022 (Table 1).

Table 1 Description and location of the datasets in the ThreeD global change experiment. This table shows the dataset number, response variable(s), number of observations, number of taxa, number of plots, treatments, and temporal range of the data. The abbreviations in the treatments are W = warming, N = nitrogen addition, G = grazing, and C = clipping. The raw data are available on OSF, the final published data are available on Zenodo, and the code for extracting and cleaning raw data is available on GitHub.

Data organization and structure

The raw data files are available on OSF and are stored in folders using the dataset number and response variable used in Table 1. Each filename also starts with a dataset number corresponding to Table 1. All raw data files are indicated with “raw” and have an associated readme file. The readme file or a tab in the dataset called readme explains each variable in the data files.

The final data files are available on Zenodo. The file names follow the same structure: nr_Three-D_clean_variable_year(s).csv, where nr refers to the dataset number in Table 1, the variable corresponds to the response variable in Table 1. The code to clean and manage the data files on OSF is available in the ThreeD GitHub repository35 with a versioned copy archived in Zenodo (REF).

All datasets are structured similarly, sharing some common variables including year, date, (orig/dest)siteID, -blockID, -plotID, turfID, and treatments and specific variables that are unique to each dataset (Fig. 2). The shared variables can be used to link different datasets, for example to combine them for specific analysis (bold letters in Fig. 2). For example the climate data can be joined by date, siteID, blockID, plotID, turfID and treatments to the biomass to test the relationship between soil temperature and biomass.

Figure 2 The boxes represent the dataset i to xv (corresponding to Table 1) with the names of each dataset shown in the coloured area. Note that the dataset names are shortened and abbreviated in this figure because of limited space (ag = aboveground, bg = belowground, veg = vegetation). The main variables of each dataset are shown below and for the full list of variables for each dataset see Tables 2–16. The variables in bold indicate keys that can be used to join the different datasets (Table 2). The line linking the variable species indicates one example for such a link. These keys can also be used to link to data from the Plant Functional Trait Course 6 (PFTC6) and the Vestland Climate Grid (VCG) in Vestland County in Norway and are explained in the box at the bottom. Three example datasets with their keys are shown. Abbreviations stand for: SOM = soil organic matter, veg. = vegetation, nee = net ecosystem exchange, gpp = gross primary production, and ER = ecosystem respiration.

Datasets collected at plot level that include the warming treatment (transplant) contain plots that have been moved from the “origin” site to the “destination” site. The siteID, blockID and plotID therefore contain the prefix origin or dest (for destination) to indicate if the variable refers to the origin or destination. For control plots that have not been moved, the origin and destination is the same.

Download clean data

The clean data can be downloaded from Zenodo using the following code:

install.packages("zen4R")
library(zen4R)

Here is an example for how to download the biomass data:

# give folder to download the data a name
new_folder <- "new_data"

# Check if it already exists. If not create new_data folder
if (!dir.exists(new_folder)) {
  dir.create(new_folder)
}

# Download all files from a Zenodo record
download_zenodo(doi = "10.5281/zenodo.17301125", 
                path = new_folder,
                files = "iii_Three-D_clean_aboveground_biomass_2020-2022.csv")

For large files, like the microclimate data, you can set a timeout to avoid the download being interrupted. The function has a default timeout of 60 seconds.

download_zenodo(doi = "10.5281/zenodo.17301125",
                path = "data_cleaned/",
                files = "xiv_Three-D_clean_microclimate_2019-2022.csv",
                timeout = 3600)

Data sets and data dictionary

Dataset (i) Elevation and coordinates

This dataset contains elevation, latitude, and longitude for each site and has three observations.

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
elevation_m_asl	Elevation of site	numeric	469 - 1290	m a.s.l.	recorded
latitude_N	Latitude of site	numeric	60.86 - 60.88	degree N	recorded
longitude_E	Longitude of site	numeric	7.168 - 7.195	degree E	recorded
bioclimatic_zone	Bioclimatic zones of the sites including alpine, sub-alpine and boreal.	categorical	alpine - sub-alpine	NA	defined

Dataset (ii) Slope, aspect, and soil depth

This dataset contains slope, aspect and soil depth and has 480 observations. The average slope was 8.9 ± 0.15 degrees at the boreal site, 11.0 ± 0.07 degrees at the sub-alpine site and 12.4 ± 0.13 degrees at the alpine site. The aspect was 270 ± 1.23, 247 ± 0.89, and 246 ± 1.42 degrees at the boreal, sub-alpine and alpine sites, respectively. The soil was deepest at the boreal site (15 ± 0.13), and was shallower at the sub-alpine site (13.0 ± 0.05) and alpine site (11.7 ± 0.09; Figure 3).

Figure 3 Soil characteristics at the boreal, sub-alpine and alpine sites. Shown are soil depth, bulk density, pH, carbon and nitrogen content, and soil organic matter. The colours indicate the site. Note that the measurements were done at different layers (i.e. the top 5 cm, below the top 5 cm, or the total soil core). Bulk density was measured at both the top 5cm (lighter colour) and below the first 5 cm (darker colour). pH was measured in the top 5 cm and the other variables were all measured for the total soil core.

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2019 - 2019	2019	recorded
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	categorical	Joasete - Liahovden	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
date_slope	Date of sampling slope and aspect	date	2019-07-04 - 2019-07-17	dd-mm-yy	recorded
slope	Slope of the plot	numeric	0.3 - 28	degree	measured
aspect	Aspect of the plot	numeric	2 - 380	degree	measured
date_depth	Date of sampling soil depth.	date	2019-06-24 - 2019-07-17	dd-mm-yy	recorded
soil_depth_cm	Soil depth measurement of the plot	numeric	4.625 - 36.1	cm	measured
remark	Comment on measurement, recording or observation	categorical	soil depth 1 > 32.5cm - soil depth 3 > 46 cm	NA	recorded

Dataset (iii): Aboveground standing biomass

This dataset contains the aboveground standing biomass from the clipping treatments in 2020 to 2022 and from the control plots in 2022. The biomass is separated by functional groups and this dataset has a total of 3417 observations, including 188 from control plots, 1175 from intermediate clipped and 2054 from intensive clipped plots. In 2022, in total 1502 g biomass was removed in the control plots, and in total 1315 g biomass was removed in the intermediate and 1239 g in the intensive clipped plots per year.

In terms of aboveground standing biomass, forb biomass dominated in the alpine site, while graminoid biomass dominated in the sub-alpine site (Figure 4). With warming in the alpine site, forb biomass decreases while graminoid biomass increases. Shrubs and Cyperaceae almost exclusively occur in the alpine site, and decrease with warming. Bryophyte, legume and litter biomass is generally low. Legumes occur in the warmed alpine plots.

Figure 4 Proportional functional group composition. Proportion of biomass per plant functional group at peak growing season in 2022. Shown are the proportion of shrubs, graminoids (grasses and rushes), Cyperaceae (mostly Carex species), forbs, legumes, bryophytes, and litter, for the different nitrogen addition treatments in non-grazed (Control), medium and intensive grazed plots. The two top rows are the ambient and warmed plots in the alpine site, while the two lower rows are ambient and warmed plots at the subalpine site. The general pattern is that graminoids increase and forbs decrease with higher nitrogen addition treatment.

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2020 - 2022	2019	recorded
date	Date of sampling	date_time	2010-09-10 - 2022-09-01	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	categorical	Joasete - Liahovden	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 158	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 199	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - M	NA	defined
cut	Number of cuts for the intermediate and intensive clipping treatments	numeric	1 - 4	NA	recorded
fun_group	Functional group including forbs, graminoids, Cyperaceae, legumes, bryophytes, and litter	categorical	bryophytes - shrub	NA	defined
biomass	Amount of biomass removed per plot	numeric	0 - 86.54	g	measured
area_cm2	Plot size in cm2	numeric	223 - 2500	cm2	recorded
collector	Data collector	categorical	A+M - x	NA	recorded
remark	Comment on measurement, recording or observation	categorical	03.07.2020 (?) - Shrub bag missing	NA	recorded
unit	Unit for biomass is gram	categorical	g - g	NA	recorded

Dataset (iv): Aboveground plant productivity

This dataset contains the aboveground plant productivity from grazed control plots and ungrazed caged plots at all three sites in 2019 (at functional group and species level) and 2022 (at functional group level) and has a total of 2,071 observations.

In 2019, annual productivity (summed biomass from caged plots) was consistently higher in the permanent plot compared to the temporary plots. Productivity was similar at the boreal (permanent: 0.050 ± 0.005 g cm^-2 y^-1; temporary: 0.021 ± 0.002 g cm^-2 y^-1) and sub-alpine site (permanent: 0.036 ± 0.003 g cm^-2 y^-1; temporary: 0.025 ± 0.002 g cm^-2 y^-1), and lower at the alpine site (permanent: 0.018 ± 0.003 g cm^-2 y^-1; temporary: 0.014 ± 0.002 g cm^-2 y^-1).

In 2022, annual plant productivity (summed biomass from caged plots) was the same at the boreal site (0.102 ± 0.008 g cm^-2 y^-1) and the sub-alpine site (0.106 ± 0.011 g cm^-2 y^-1), but decreased at the alpine site (0.026 ± 0.002 g cm^-2 y^-1). The consumed biomass (cage - control) was the same at the two lower sites (boreal: 0.017 ± 0.005 g cm^-2 y^-1; sub-alpine: 0.017 ± 0.015 g cm^-2 y^-1), and decreased at the alpine site (0.003 ± 0.002 g cm^-2 y^-1), but this was not statistically different.

Functional group level data - 2019

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
date	Date of sampling	date	2019-05-28 - 2019-09-20	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	categorical	J1C - V3CP	NA	defined
plot_nr	Number of replicates.	numeric	1 - 3	NA	recorded
type	Type of flux measurements (ER, NEE or GPP; numbers designate light response curves)	categorical	permanent - temporary	NA	defined
functional_group	Plant functional group	categorical	bryophytes - shrubs	NA	literature
productivity	Amount of biomass produced between each harvest.	numeric	0 - 38	NA	measured
campaign	Number of times measured during the growing season	numeric	1 - 3	NA	recorded
type	Type of measurement including permanent (i.e. same location) and temporary (i.e. change location after each harvest) placement of the plots.	categorical	permanent - temporary	NA	recorded
treatment	Treatment including cage (grazing exclusion) and control (allowing for grazing)	categorical	Cage - Control	NA	recorded
functional_group	Functional group including forbs, graminoids, and shrubs	categorical	bryophytes - shrubs	NA	recorded

Species level data - 2019

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
date	Date of sampling	date	2019-07-09 - 2019-09-01	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joesete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	categorical	B2C - V3Cage2	NA	defined
type	Type of flux measurements (ER, NEE or GPP; numbers designate light response curves)	categorical	temporary - temporary	NA	defined
plot_nr	Number of replicates.	numeric	1 - 3	NA	recorded
species	Latin genus and species name	categorical	Achillea millefolium - Viola palustris	NA	identified
productivity	Amount of biomass produced between each harvest.	numeric	0 - 13.44	NA	measured
campaign	Number of times measured during the growing season	numeric	1 - 2	NA	recorded
type	Type of measurement including permanent (i.e. same location) and temporary (i.e. change location after each harvest) placement of the plots.	categorical	temporary - temporary	NA	recorded
treatment	Treatment including cage (grazing exclusion) and control (allowing for grazing)	categorical	Cage - Control	NA	recorded

Functional group level data - 2022

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
date_in	Date when cage/control plot was set up	date_time	2022-05-31 - 2022-08-18	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
date_out	Date when cage/control plot was harvested	date_time	2022-05-31 - 2022-09-02	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
plot_nr	Number of replicates.	numeric	1 - 3	NA	recorded
area_cm2	Plot size in cm2	numeric	900 - 900	cm2	recorded
productivity	Amount of biomass produced between each harvest.	numeric	0.001 - 0.043	NA	measured
remark	Comment on measurement, recording or observation	categorical	Previously cage changed to control because no date_in and assume it was not there before - Previously cage changed to control because no date_in and assume it was not there before	NA	recorded
duration	Time between biomass harvests.	NA	NA	days	calculated
treatment	Grazed control plots (Control) and ungrazed cages (Cage). The summed biomass in the caged plots is annual plant productivity and the difference in biomass between cage and control is the consumed biomass.	categorical	Cage - Control	NA	recorded

Dataset (v): Reflectance

The reflectance dataset contains a total of 1,769 observations. There are 1,689 observations, representing several measurements from all plots in 2020, and 80 observations from one round of measurements at the alpine site in 2022. The NDVI values are on average around 0.69 % ± 0.004 (range: 0.29–0.96 %). NDVI was lower at the start (June: 0.52 % ± 0.007) and end of the growing season (September: 0.51 % ± 0.007) and was higher at peak growing season (0.76 % ± 0.003).

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2020 - 2022	2019	recorded
date	Date of sampling	date	2020-06-26 - 2022-07-27	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	categorical	Joasete - Liahovden	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
replicate	Replicate measurement of same turf	numeric	1 - 2	NA	defined
ndvi	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index measured per plot	numeric	0.29 - 0.96	percentage	measured
remark	Comment on measurement, recording or observation	categorical	flat light - shadow	NA	recorded
flux_campaign	Campaign for the carbon flux measurements	numeric	2 - 4	NA	defined
timing	Timing of measurement in relation to cutting treatment	categorical	after 1. cut - before treatment	NA	defined

Dataset (vi) Below ground productivity and root traits

The below ground productivity (i.e. fine root productivity) and root traits dataset contains a total of 796 observations. The data from 2021 contains below ground productivity from one growing season (i.e. May/June - September; n = 160). The data from 2022 contains 636 observations of annual below ground productivity as well as root traits.

The growing season below ground productivity was 2 times higher in the sub-alpine (2.53 ± 0.271 mg cm^-3 per growing season) than the alpine site (1.24 ± 0.309 mg cm^-3 per growing season). The annual below ground productivity was 2.3 times higher in the sub-alpine (2.16 ± 0.268 mg cm^-3 y^-1) than the alpine site (0.95 ± 0.228 mg cm^-3 y^-1). The below ground productivity for one growing season was 17% higher at the sub-alpine site and 30% higher in the alpine site compared to annual growth. This suggests that there is little growth outside the growing season and a considerable amount of root death. Note that the amount of dead roots were however not assessed.

Root dry matter content (RDMC) and root tissue density (RTD) were slightly higher in the sub-alpine compared to the alpine site (RDMC sub-alpine: 45.6 ± 3.69 mg g^-1, alpine: 36.1 ± 6.51 mg g^-1; RTD sub-alpine: 0.203 ± 0.013 g cm^-3, alpine: 0.171 ± 0.009 g cm^-3 ), while the pattern was opposite for specific root length (sub-alpine: 173 ± 22.7 m g^-1, alpine: 251 ± 41.2 m g^-1 ), however none of the root traits differed significantly between the two sites.

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2021 - 2022	2019	recorded
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	categorical	Joasete - Liahovden	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
sampleID	Soil sample ID	categorical	100AN5M100 - 9AN6M9	NA	defined
days_buried	Duration of root growth in days	NA	NA	days	calculated
period	Period for root productivity measurement: growing season or annual	categorical	annual - growing season	NA	calculated
variable	Belowground productivity (g cm-3 y-1) and root traits, including specific root length (m g-1), root tissue density (g cm-3), and root dry matter content (mg g-1)	categorical	root_dry_matter_content - specific_root_length	NA	defined
value	Value for below ground productivity or root trait	numeric	0 - 366.168	g cm-3 y-1, m g-1, g cm-3, mg g-1,	measured
volume_cm3	Root ingrowth core volume	numeric	36.56 - 101.984	cm3	recorded
burial_date	Date of incubation of root ingrowth core	date	2021-05-30 - 2021-06-21	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
recover_date	Date of recovery of root ingrowth core	date	2021-09-20 - 2022-06-29	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded

Datasets (vii, viii): Vascular plant community composition

The vascular plant community composition dataset contains a total of 98 identified taxa and 8,954 observations of cover data at the plot level. The dataset contains 13 observations (0.15 %) with unidentified species and 542 observations (6.1 %) identified to the genus level.

The species composition differed between the alpine and sub-alpine plant communities, with alpine communities on the right side of the principle component analysis (PCA; Figure 5). The first PCA axis explained 38.8 % of the variation and is strongly related to warming in the alpine community, while the second PCA axis explained 7.9 % of the variation and was more related to warming in the sub-alpine community and nitrogen addition. Grazing and clipping did not show a clear pattern in the ordination.

Species richness varied between 4 and 37 species per plot and was on average higher at the alpine site (24.3 ± 0.29) compared to the sub-alpine site (9.7 ± 0.15).

Figure 5 Ordination of vascular plant species composition. a) Principal component analysis of square root transformed species occurrence data from the ThreeD global change experiment. Colours indicate ambient (grey) and warmed (pink) conditions, shape shows the different grazing and clipping treatments and the size indicates the nitrogen addition level. b) Species loadings with the most important species labeled.

Species cover

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2019 - 2022	2019	recorded
date	Date of sampling	date	2019-07-02 - 2022-08-12	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	categorical	Joasete - Liahovden	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
species	Latin genus and species name	categorical	Achillea millefolium - Viola palustris	NA	identified
cover	Percent cover of a species per plot	numeric	1 - 80	percentage	recorded
recorder	Name of person that recorded the data	categorical	aud - vigdis	NA	recorded
scribe	Name of scribe	categorical	aud - silje	NA	recorded
remark	Comment on measurement, recording or observation	categorical	0.3-0.4cm brei, lang rett relativt langstrekt spiss. pilulifera? m form, matt gulgrønn. alt er gul her! - yellow green leaves, ca 5m, little m shape, tips cut, maybe carex leporina or brunecsene like other plots in block 10	NA	recorded
file	Name of file in the raw data	categorical	data/community/2019/Joa/THREE-D_CommunityData_Joasete_1_2019.xlsx - data/community/2022/Vik/THREE-D_CommunityData_Vikesland_9_2022_iPad.xlsx	NA	recorded

Presences data

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2019 - 2022	2019	recorded
date	Date of sampling	date	2019-07-02 - 2022-08-12	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	categorical	Joasete - Liahovden	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
subplot	Location of subplot within the plot	categorical	1 - 9	NA	defined
species	Latin genus and species name	categorical	Achillea millefolium - Viola palustris	NA	identified
remark	Comment on measurement, recording or observation	categorical	0.3-0.4cm brei, lang rett relativt langstrekt spiss. pilulifera? m form, matt gulgrønn. alt er gul her! - yellow green leaves, ca 5m, little m shape, tips cut, maybe carex leporina or brunecsene like other plots in block 10	NA	recorded
recorder	Name of person that recorded the data	categorical	aud - vigdis	NA	recorded
variable	Variable including presence, fertility, dominant (> 50% of cover), juvenile or seedling	categorical	dominant - seedling	NA	defined
value	Presence or absence indicated with 1 for presence and 0 for absence	numeric	0 - 1	NA	recorded

Dataset (ix): Vegetation structure

The vegetation structure dataset has 4’237 observations. Sum of cover (i.e. the sum of vascular plant cover including the layering of vegetation which can exceed 100 %) was on average 102 ± 1.0 % per plot (range: 39–177 %), while vascular plant cover (without layering of the vegetation) was 81.5 ± 2.1 % (range: 5–100 %). Sum of cover was higher at the sub-alpine site, while vascular plant cover did not differ. The average litter cover was 31.0 ± 2.1 % per plot (range: 2.3–99.5 %), bryophyte cover was 34.1 ± 2.22 % (range: 0.1–96.0 %), and lichen cover 5.16 ± 0.739 % (range: 0.2–24.9 %). Litter and bryophyte covers were significantly higher at the sub-alpine site. Plots had on average 2.8 ± 0.6 % bare soil cover (range: 0.2–13.8 %) and 1.75 ± 1.1 % rock cover (range: 0.2–8.0 %).

Vegetation height was on average 7.49 ± 0.44 cm (range: 0 - 23.5 cm) and bryophyte depth 2.31 ± 0.12 cm (range: 0 - 7 cm). The vegetation height was on average 5.75 cm taller and bryophyte depth was 1.78 cm deeper at the sub-alpine compared to the alpine site.

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2019 - 2022	2019	recorded
date	Date of sampling	date	2019-07-02 - 2022-08-12	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	categorical	Joasete - Liahovden	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
functional_group	Plant functional group	categorical	bare rock - wool	NA	literature
recorder	Name of person that recorded the data	categorical	aud - vigdis	NA	recorded
variable	Variables including cover (the functional group cover of each plot; %), height (vegetation; cm), and depth (bryophyte; cm).	categorical	cover - sum_cover	NA	defined
functional_group	The functional groups include bryophytes, litter, vascular plants, lichen, faeces, bare soil, bare rock and wool; The variable sumofcover is the sum of cover of all species including the layering of vegetation; vegetation refers to the height of the vegetation and bryophyte to the moss depth.	categorical	bare rock - wool	NA	defined
value	Value for functional group cover, sumofcover or vegetation height and bryophyte depth.	numeric	0 - 177	percentage or cm	recorded

Dataset (x): Soil structure

The soil structure dataset contains a total of 193 observations from 2019 and 2020. Bulk density ranged between 0.4 to 1.3 g cm^-3. It was highest at the sub-alpine site (0.8 ± 0.07 g cm^-3), lowest at the alpine site (0.3 ± 0.04 g cm^-3) and intermediate at the boreal site (0.5 ± 0.04 g cm^-3; Figure 3). The pH ranged between 4.1 and 5.52 and increased with elevation (average pH at the boreal: 4.2 ± 0.02, sub-alpine: 4.5 ± 0.09 and alpine: 5.2 ± 0.19; Figure 3). The sand content varied between 84.2 and 97.2 %, the silt content between 2.22 and 14.7 % and the clay content between 0.42 and 1.12 %. The mean sand, silt and clay content did however not differ between the three sites. Pore water content ranged from 0.08 to 0.74 %. It was similar at the boreal (0.26 ± 0.03 %) and sub-alpine sites (0.23 ± 0.08 %) and significantly higher at the alpine site (0.55 ± 0.04 %).

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2019 - 2020	2019	recorded
date	Date of sampling	date_time	2019-07-16 - 2020-10-16	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	categorical	1 - 9-10	NA	defined
layer	Layer at which soil sample was taken: top or bottom 5cm	categorical	Bottom - Top	NA	recorded
variable	Soil character variable including bulk density, pore water content, percentage sand, silt and clay, and pH	categorical	bulk_density_g_cm - silt_percent	NA	defined
value	Soil character value	numeric	0.156 - 97.222	gcm-3, %	measured

Dataset (xi): Soil nutrients

This dataset contains a total of 1132 observations from 2019 to 2022. Carbon and nitrogen content both increased with elevation (Figure 3). The mean soil carbon content was 12.3 ± 0.64 % at the boreal site, 17.4 ± 0.88 % at the sub-alpine, and 29.7 ± 1.31 % at the alpine site. The nitrogen content in the soil was on average 1.0 ± 0.04 % at the boreal site, 1.3 ± 0.06 % at the sub-alpine site, and 2.2 ± 0.09 % at the alpine site. Soil organic matter increased with elevation (Figure 3) and was 0.21 ± 0.011 gm cm-3 at the boreal site, 0.32 ± 0.020 gm cm-3 at the sub-alpine site, and 0.57 ± 0.028 gm cm-3 at the alpine site.

The available nutrients Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Pb varied between sites and were higher at the alpine site compared to the boreal site (Figure 6). There was no difference between the boreal and sub-alpine site for any of the nutrients. All other available nutrients, B, Cu, NH4+, NO3-, P, and Zn did not differ between the sites.

Figure 6 Available nutrients at the lowland, sub-alpine and alpine sites. The available nutrients include Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, NH4+, NO3-, P, Pb, and Zn.

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2019 - 2022	2019	recorded
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	categorical	1 - 9-10	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
soil_depth_cm	Soil depth measurement of the plot	numeric	3 - 11.5	cm	measured
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	NA	NA	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
date	Date of sampling	date_time	2019-07-16 - 2019-07-22	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
sample_ID	Unique ID of sample	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
layer	Layer at which soil sample was taken: top or bottom 5cm	categorical	Bottom - Top	NA	recorded
variable	Soil nutrient variable including carbon and nitrogen content (%), soil organic matter (%), and the elements Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, NH4-N, NO3-N, P, Pb, S and Zn (grams/10cm2/35 days)	categorical	Al - Zn	NA	defined
value	Soil nutrient value	numeric	0.009 - 2513.14	%, micro grams/10cm2/35 days	measured
duration	Duration of PRS probe in the soil	NA	NA	days	recorded
detection_limit	Detection limit of element	numeric	0.04 - 717.53	NA	defined
burial_date	Burial date of PRS probe	date	2021-07-07 - 2021-07-08	NA	recorded
retrieval_date	Retrieval date of PRS probe	date	2021-08-11 - 2021-08-12	yyyy-mm-dd	recorded
Notes	Comment on measurement, recording or observation	categorical	1 broken probe - 1 broken probe	NA	recorded

Dataset (xii): Decomposition

The dataset contains a total of 300 observations, with 155 from one growing season in 2021 and 145 for a whole year from spring 2021 to spring 2022. The proportion of green tea remaining after incubation ranged between 26.3 and 86.4 % and for rooibos tea it was between 42.2 and 86.5 %. The remaining fraction of rooibos and green tea was significantly lower in the sub-alpine site compared to the alpine site. Decomposition rate (k) varied between 0.009 and 0.095 for the growing season and 0.002 and 0.017 for the whole year. Stabilization factor (S) varied between 0.125 and 0.699 during the growing season in 2021 and between 0.148 and 0.838 for the whole year. Decomposition rate did not differ between the alpine and sub-alpine site, but was lower for the whole year compared to only growing season decomposition. The stabilization factor was lower at the sub-alpine site compared to the alpine site and was higher for the whole year decomposition.

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
year	Year of the sampling	numeric	2021 - 2022	2019	recorded
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	NA	NA	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
teabag_ID	Unique tea bag ID	numeric	1 - 340	NA	defined
timing	Time of recovery after one growing season or a whole year	categorical	growing season - year	NA	recorded
incubation_time	Incubation time of tea bags in days	numeric	94 - 378	days	recorded
k	Decomposition rate	numeric	0.002 - 0.095	NA	calculated
S	Stabilisation factor	numeric	0.125 - 0.838	NA	calculated
fraction_remaining_green	Fraction of green tea remaining after burial period	numeric	0.263 - 0.864	%	calculated
fraction_remaining_red	Fraction of rooibos tea remaining after burial period	numeric	0.422 - 0.865	%	calculated
flag	Flagging problematic data	categorical	hole in teabags - hole in teabags	NA	recorded

Dataset (xiii): Ecosystem CO2 fluxes

The 2020 CO2 fluxes dataset shows 440 measurements of ER, NEE and GPP (calculated from ER and NEE). All four campaigns confounded, the warming treatment increased GPP by 96% at the sub-alpine site and 38% at the alpine site, and ER by 61% at the sub-alpine site and 19% at the alpine site (Figure 7). The 2021 fluxes dataset shows 2051 measurements of ER, NEE and GPP. All four campaigns and fertilization and clipping confounded, the warming treatment decreased GPP by 18% at the sub-alpine site while increasing it by 58% at the alpine site, and ER decreased by 22% at the sub-alpine site while barely changing (+1.3%) at the alpine site.

Figure 7 Ecosystem CO2 fluxes in the global change experiment. a) CO2 fluxes measured in 2020, with date and time of measurement on the x-axis, CO2 fluxes on the y-axis, colours indicating warming treatments, and linetype and symbols indicating sites. Facets are for type of fluxes: ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary production (GPP), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Only warming treatment and control plots were measured. b) CO2 fluxes measured in 2021, with nitrogen addition on the x-axis, CO2 fluxes on the y-axis, colours indicating warming treatment, and linetype and symbols indicating sites. Horizontal facets are for clipping treatment, and horizontal ones are for type of fluxes: ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary production (GPP), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Fluxes were corrected for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 300 umol m-2 s-1 for NEE and 0 umol m-2 s-1; GPP was calculated after correction).

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
date_time	Date and time of sampling or observation	date_time	2020-06-26 12:59:00 - 2021-09-10 12:55:00	yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss	recorded
type	Type of flux measurements (ER, NEE or GPP; numbers designate light response curves)	categorical	1 - SoilR	NA	defined
f_flux	CO2 flux (positive when emitting to atmosphere negative when vegetation uptake)	numeric	-276.386 - 166.409	mmol/sqm/h	calculated
f_temp_air_ave	Air temperature measured inside the flux chamber every 10 seconds and averaged	numeric	8.251 - 38.913	Kelvin	measured
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	NA	NA	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - N	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 160	NA	defined
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 200	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
flux_campaign	Campaign for the carbon flux measurements	NA	NA	NA	defined
replicate	Replicate measurement of same turf	numeric	1 - 3	NA	defined
temp_soil_ave	Soil temperature 2 cm below ground inside the chamber during flux measurement	numeric	7.145 - 26.165	degree celsius	measured
comments	Comments on flux measurements	categorical	maybe loose tube - windy	NA	recorded
f_quality_flag	Quality flags as provided by flux_quality	categorical	discard - zero	NA	recorded
plot_area	Area of plot used for gas flux measurements	numeric	0.008 - 0.062	m2	recorded
chamber_vol	Volume used for gas flux measurements (chamber + tubing)	numeric	0.9 - 24.575	liter	recorded

Dataset (xiv): Microclimate

This dataset contains air, ground and soil temperature and soil moisture data from 80 loggers with a total of 7,687,816 observations, per plot and year between August 2019 and September 2022. Mean daily air temperature ranged between -1 to 22.6 °C, ground temperature between -1.06 to 24.5 °C, soil temperature between -0.56 to 20.0 °C and soil moisture between 0.022 to 0.522 percent, during the growing season May through September. The mean growing season air temperature at the boreal site was 12.36 ± 0.17 °C, the sub-alpine 9.12 ± 0.19 °C, and the alpine site 5.89 ± 0.20 °C (in situ measurement between May - September in 2019-2022), corresponding to approximately 3°C difference in summer air between the sites. Soil temperature was on average 12.3 ± 0.13 °C at the boreal site, 8.88 ± 0.18 °C at the sub-alpine site, and 6.44 ± 0.20 °C at the alpine site. Mean soil moisture during the growing season decreased with elevation from 37.6 % at the alpine site, 28.6 % at the subalpine site and 22.7 % at the lowest site. The warmed plots had on average 3.31 °C higher air temperature, 3.19 °C higher soil temperature, and 7% lower soil moisture. The nitrogen and grazing treatments did not affect microclimate.

Variable name	Description	Variable type	Variable range or levels	Units	How measured
date_time	Date and time of sampling or observation	date_time	2019-08-22 23:15:00 - 2022-09-02 05:45:00	yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss	recorded
destSiteID	Unique site ID of destination site	categorical	Joasete - Vikesland	NA	defined
destBlockID	Unique numeric destination plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
destPlotID	Unique destination block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	2 - 199	NA	defined
turfID	Unique ID of vegetation turf as originplotID, warming, nitrogen and grazing treatment and destinationplotID	categorical	1 WN1M 84 - 99 WN5C 170	NA	defined
origPlotID	Unique numeric origin plot ID for geographic location of the turf	numeric	1 - 158	NA	defined
origBlockID	Unique origin block ID as number 1 to 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
origSiteID	Unique site ID of origin site	NA	NA	NA	defined
warming	Warming treatment as W for warming or A for ambient	categorical	A - W	NA	defined
Nlevel	Nitrogen level treatment as numeric value from 1 - 10	numeric	1 - 10	NA	defined
grazing	Grazing treatment as C for control, I for intensive, M for medium clipping, and N for natural grazing	categorical	C - M	NA	defined
Namount_kg_ha_y	Amount of nitrogen added between 0 and 150 kg per ha and year	numeric	0 - 150	kg ha-1 y-1	defined
air_temperature	Air temperature 15 cm above ground	numeric	-22.312 - 47	degree celsius	measured
ground_temperature	Ground temperature	numeric	-17 - 45	degree celsius	measured
soil_temperature	Soil temperature at 8 cm below ground	numeric	-9.875 - 43.375	degree celsius	measured
soilmoisture	Volumetric soil moisture	numeric	-0.026 - 0.62	percentage volume	measured
loggerID	Unique ID of logger	categorical	94194604 - 94201707	NA	recorded
shake	Shake values 1 (shake) or 0.	numeric	202 - 202	NA	recorded
error_flag	Flag for error of logger	numeric	0 - 33	NA	recorded
remark	Comment on measurement, recording or observation	categorical	Added to block 6 in spring 2020 - was in seedclim vik before	NA	recorded