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33 Concepts Every JS Developer Should Know

33 Concepts Every JavaScript Developer Should Know

Read the Full Guide β€’ Concepts β€’ Translations β€’ Contributing

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This repository helps developers master core JavaScript concepts. Each concept includes clear explanations, practical code examples, and curated resources.

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Concepts

Fundamentals

  • Primitive Types
    Learn JavaScript's 7 primitive types: string, number, bigint, boolean, undefined, null, and symbol. Understand immutability, typeof quirks, and autoboxing.

  • Value vs Reference Types
    Learn how value types and reference types work in JavaScript. Understand how primitives and objects are stored, why copying objects shares references, and how to avoid mutation bugs.

  • Type Coercion
    Learn JavaScript type coercion and implicit conversion. Understand how values convert to strings, numbers, and booleans, the 8 falsy values, and how to avoid common coercion bugs.

  • Equality Operators
    Learn JavaScript equality operators == vs ===, typeof quirks, and Object.is(). Understand type coercion, why NaN !== NaN, and why typeof null returns 'object'.

  • Scope and Closures
    Learn JavaScript scope and closures. Understand the three types of scope, var vs let vs const, lexical scoping, the scope chain, and closure patterns for data privacy.

  • Call Stack
    Learn how the JavaScript call stack tracks function execution. Understand stack frames, LIFO ordering, execution contexts, stack overflow errors, and debugging with stack traces.

Functions & Execution

  • Event Loop
    Learn how the JavaScript event loop handles async code. Understand the call stack, task queue, microtasks, and why Promises always run before setTimeout().

  • IIFE, Modules & Namespaces
    Learn how to organize JavaScript code with IIFEs, namespaces, and ES6 modules. Understand private scope, exports, dynamic imports, and common module mistakes.

Web Platform

  • DOM
    Learn how the DOM works in JavaScript. Understand how browsers represent HTML as a tree, select and manipulate elements, traverse nodes, and optimize rendering performance.

  • Fetch API
    Learn how to make HTTP requests with the JavaScript Fetch API. Understand GET, POST, response handling, JSON parsing, error patterns, and AbortController for cancellation.

  • Web Workers
    Learn Web Workers in JavaScript for running code in background threads. Understand postMessage, Dedicated and Shared Workers, and transferable objects.

Object-Oriented JavaScript

  • Factories and Classes
    Learn JavaScript factory functions and ES6 classes. Understand constructors, prototypes, private fields, inheritance, and when to use each pattern.

  • this, call, apply, bind
    Learn how JavaScript's 'this' keyword works and how to control context binding. Understand the 5 binding rules, call/apply/bind methods, arrow functions, and common pitfalls.

  • Object Creation & Prototypes
    Learn JavaScript's prototype chain and object creation. Understand how inheritance works, the new operator's 4 steps, Object.create(), Object.assign(), and prototype methods.

  • Inheritance & Polymorphism
    Learn inheritance and polymorphism in JavaScript β€” extending classes, prototype chains, method overriding, and code reuse patterns.

Async JavaScript

  • Callbacks
    Learn JavaScript callbacks, functions passed to other functions to be called later. Understand sync vs async callbacks, error-first patterns, callback hell, and why Promises were invented.

  • Promises
    Learn JavaScript Promises for handling async operations. Understand how to create, chain, and combine Promises, handle errors properly, and avoid common pitfalls.

  • async/await
    Learn async/await in JavaScript. Syntactic sugar over Promises that makes async code readable. Covers error handling with try/catch, parallel execution with Promise.all, and common pitfalls.

  • Generators & Iterators
    Learn JavaScript generators and iterators. Understand yield, the iteration protocol, lazy evaluation, infinite sequences, and async generators with for await...of.

Functional Programming

  • Higher-Order Functions
    Learn higher-order functions in JavaScript. Understand functions that accept or return other functions, create reusable abstractions, and write cleaner code.

  • Pure Functions
    Learn pure functions in JavaScript. Understand the two rules of purity, avoid side effects, and write testable, predictable code with immutable patterns.

  • map, reduce, filter
    Learn map, reduce, and filter in JavaScript. Transform, filter, and combine arrays without mutation. Includes method chaining and common pitfalls.

  • Recursion
    Learn recursion in JavaScript. Understand base cases, recursive calls, the call stack, and patterns like factorial, tree traversal, and memoization.

  • Currying & Composition
    Learn currying and function composition in JavaScript. Build reusable functions from simple pieces using curry, compose, and pipe for cleaner, modular code.

Advanced Topics

  • JavaScript Engines
    Learn how JavaScript engines work. Understand V8's architecture, parsing, compilation, JIT optimization, hidden classes, inline caching, and garbage collection.

  • Error Handling
    Learn JavaScript error handling with try/catch/finally. Understand Error types, custom errors, async error patterns, and best practices for robust code.

  • Regular Expressions
    Learn regular expressions in JavaScript. Covers pattern syntax, character classes, quantifiers, flags, capturing groups, and methods like test, match, and replace.

  • Modern JS Syntax
    Learn modern JavaScript ES6+ syntax. Covers destructuring, spread/rest operators, arrow functions, optional chaining, nullish coalescing, and template literals.

  • ES Modules
    Learn ES Modules in JavaScript. Understand import/export syntax, why ESM beats CommonJS, live bindings, dynamic imports, top-level await, and how modules enable tree-shaking.

  • Data Structures
    Learn JavaScript data structures from built-in Arrays, Objects, Maps, and Sets to implementing Stacks, Queues, and Linked Lists. Understand when to use each structure.

  • Algorithms & Big O
    Learn Big O notation and algorithms in JavaScript. Understand time complexity, implement searching and sorting algorithms, and recognize common interview patterns.

  • Design Patterns
    Learn JavaScript design patterns like Module, Singleton, Observer, Factory, Proxy, and Decorator. Understand when to use each pattern and avoid common pitfalls.

  • Clean Code
    Learn clean code principles for JavaScript. Covers meaningful naming, small functions, DRY, avoiding side effects, and best practices to write maintainable code.


Translations

This project has been translated into 40+ languages by our amazing community!

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Contributing

We welcome contributions! See our Contributing Guidelines for details.


License

MIT Β© Leonardo Maldonado


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