Drop Python 3.9 and PyPy 3.10, bump tool versions

.github/workflows/checks.yml

@@ -21,24 +21,24 @@ jobs:
                     - python-version: '3.13'
                       env:
                           TOXENV: docs
-                    - python-version: '3.13'
+                    - python-version: '3.14'
                       env:
                           TOXENV: pre-commit
-                    - python-version: '3.13'
+                    - python-version: '3.14'
                       env:
                           TOXENV: pylint
-                    - python-version: '3.13'
+                    - python-version: '3.14'
                       env:
                           TOXENV: typing
-                    - python-version: '3.13'
+                    - python-version: '3.14'
                       env:
                           TOXENV: twinecheck
 
         steps:
-            - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
             - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-              uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+              uses: actions/setup-python@v6
               with:
                   python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ jobs:
         runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
         steps:
-            - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
-            - name: Set up Python 3.13
-              uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+            - name: Set up Python 3.14
+              uses: actions/setup-python@v6
               with:
-                  python-version: '3.13'
+                  python-version: '3.14'
 
             - name: Check Tag
               id: check-release-tag

.github/workflows/tests-macos.yml

@@ -17,20 +17,18 @@ jobs:
             fail-fast: false
             matrix:
                 python-version:
-                    - '3.9'
                     - '3.10'
                     - '3.11'
                     - '3.12'
                     - '3.13'
-                    - 3.14.0-rc.1
-                    - pypy3.10
+                    - '3.14'
                     - pypy3.11
 
         steps:
-            - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
             - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-              uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+              uses: actions/setup-python@v6
               with:
                   python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 

.github/workflows/tests-ubuntu.yml

@@ -17,20 +17,18 @@ jobs:
             fail-fast: false
             matrix:
                 python-version:
-                    - '3.9'
                     - '3.10'
                     - '3.11'
                     - '3.12'
                     - '3.13'
-                    - 3.14.0-rc.1
-                    - pypy3.10
+                    - '3.14'
                     - pypy3.11
 
         steps:
-            - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
             - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-              uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+              uses: actions/setup-python@v6
               with:
                   python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 

.github/workflows/tests-windows.yml

@@ -17,20 +17,18 @@ jobs:
             fail-fast: false
             matrix:
                 python-version:
-                    - '3.9'
                     - '3.10'
                     - '3.11'
                     - '3.12'
                     - '3.13'
-                    - 3.14.0-rc.1
-                    - pypy3.10
+                    - '3.14'
                     - pypy3.11
 
         steps:
-            - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+            - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
             - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-              uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+              uses: actions/setup-python@v6
               with:
                   python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 ---
 repos:
     - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-      rev: v0.12.5
+      rev: v0.14.4
       hooks:
           - id: ruff-check
             args: [--fix]
           - id: ruff-format
     - repo: https://github.com/adamchainz/blacken-docs
-      rev: 1.19.1
+      rev: 1.20.0
       hooks:
           - id: blacken-docs
             additional_dependencies:
-                - black==25.1.0
+                - black==25.9.0
     - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-      rev: v5.0.0
+      rev: v6.0.0
       hooks:
           - id: end-of-file-fixer
           - id: trailing-whitespace

README.rst

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ This is a Python library of web-related functions, such as:
 Requirements
 ============
 
-Python 3.9+
+Python 3.10+
 
 Install
 =======

docs/index.rst

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Modules
 Requirements
 ============
 
-Python 3.9+
+Python 3.10+
 
 Install
 =======

pyproject.toml

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
     "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dynamic = ["version"]
 
 [project.urls]
@@ -66,18 +65,8 @@ filename = "docs/conf.py"
 [tool.coverage.run]
 branch = true
 
-[tool.coverage.report]
-exclude_also = [
-    "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
-]
-
 [tool.mypy]
-check_untyped_defs = true
-
-[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
-# All non-tests functions must be typed.
-module = "w3lib.*"
-allow_untyped_defs = false
+strict = true
 
 [[tool.mypy.overrides]]
 # Allow test functions to be untyped

tests/test_encoding.py

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class TestHtmlConversion:
     def test_unicode_body(self):
         unicode_string = "\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442"
         original_string = unicode_string.encode("cp1251")
-        encoding, body_unicode = html_to_unicode(ct("cp1251"), original_string)
+        _, body_unicode = html_to_unicode(ct("cp1251"), original_string)
         # check body_as_unicode
         assert isinstance(body_unicode, str)
         assert body_unicode == unicode_string
@@ -207,15 +207,15 @@ def test_utf8_unexpected_end_of_data_with_valid_utf8_BOM(self):
 
     def test_replace_wrong_encoding(self):
         """Test invalid chars are replaced properly"""
-        encoding, body_unicode = html_to_unicode(ct("utf-8"), b"PREFIX\xe3\xabSUFFIX")
+        _, body_unicode = html_to_unicode(ct("utf-8"), b"PREFIX\xe3\xabSUFFIX")
         # XXX: Policy for replacing invalid chars may suffer minor variations
         # but it should always contain the unicode replacement char ('\ufffd')
         assert "\ufffd" in body_unicode, repr(body_unicode)
         assert "PREFIX" in body_unicode, repr(body_unicode)
         assert "SUFFIX" in body_unicode, repr(body_unicode)
 
         # Do not destroy html tags due to encoding bugs
-        encoding, body_unicode = html_to_unicode(ct("utf-8"), b"\xf0<span>value</span>")
+        _, body_unicode = html_to_unicode(ct("utf-8"), b"\xf0<span>value</span>")
         assert "<span>value</span>" in body_unicode, repr(body_unicode)
 
     def _assert_encoding_detected(

tests/test_url.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import sys
 from inspect import isclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 import pytest
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@
     url_query_parameter,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
 # Test cases for URL-to-safe-URL conversions with a URL and an encoding as
 # input parameters.
 #

tox.ini

@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@
 # and then run "tox" from this directory.
 
 [tox]
-envlist = py39, py310, py311, py312, py313, py314, pypy3.10, pypy3.11, docs, pylint, typing, pre-commit, twinecheck
+envlist = py310, py311, py312, py313, py314, pypy3.11, docs, pylint, typing, pre-commit, twinecheck
 
 [testenv]
 deps =
-    coverage >= 7.2.0
     pytest !=3.1.1, !=3.1.2
-    pytest-cov
+    pytest-cov >= 7.0.0
 commands =
     python -m pytest \
         --doctest-modules \
@@ -21,14 +20,14 @@ commands =
 basepython = python3
 deps =
     pytest
-    mypy==1.17.0
+    mypy==1.18.2
 commands =
-    mypy --strict {posargs: w3lib tests}
+    mypy {posargs: w3lib tests}
 
 [testenv:pylint]
 deps =
     {[testenv]deps}
-    pylint==3.3.7
+    pylint==4.0.2
 commands =
     pylint docs tests w3lib
 
@@ -46,8 +45,8 @@ skip_install = true
 [testenv:twinecheck]
 basepython = python3
 deps =
-    twine==6.1.0
-    build==1.2.2.post1
+    twine==6.2.0
+    build==1.3.0
 commands =
     python -m build --sdist
     twine check dist/*

w3lib/_types.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Union
+from typing import TypeAlias
 
 # the base class UnicodeError doesn't have attributes like start / end
-AnyUnicodeError = Union[UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError]
+AnyUnicodeError: TypeAlias = UnicodeEncodeError | UnicodeDecodeError

w3lib/encoding.py

@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@
 import encodings
 import re
 from re import Match
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
 
 import w3lib.util
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
     from w3lib._types import AnyUnicodeError
 
 _HEADER_ENCODING_RE = re.compile(r"charset=([\w-]+)", re.IGNORECASE)

w3lib/http.py

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 from base64 import b64encode
 from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import Any, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias, overload
 
 from w3lib.util import to_bytes, to_unicode
 
-HeadersDictInput = Mapping[bytes, Union[Any, Sequence[bytes]]]
-HeadersDictOutput = MutableMapping[bytes, list[bytes]]
+HeadersDictInput: TypeAlias = Mapping[bytes, Any | Sequence[bytes]]
+HeadersDictOutput: TypeAlias = MutableMapping[bytes, list[bytes]]
 
 
 @overload

w3lib/url.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import re
 import string
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, NamedTuple, cast, overload
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NamedTuple, cast, overload
 from urllib.parse import (  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
     ParseResult,
     _coerce_args,
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 from .util import to_unicode
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Sequence
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 
     from ._types import AnyUnicodeError