Assignments summary

README.md

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-# Statistical-IT
-Statistical IT
+Brenda Chepngeno 
+SCM222-0863/2025
+IT IN STATISTICS 
+Computer - is an electronic device that process data, converting into information that is useful to people 
+Examples of computers 
+Desktop computer 
+Workstation 
+Notebook computers 
+Tablet computer 
+Smart phones
+Handheld computers
+Types of computers 
+Personal computer - small scale epidemiological analysis, individual portfolio modelling 
+Workstation 
+Minicomputers -
+Supercomputer 
+Mainframe computer 
+
+IT- use of computer , software, network and electric system to store ,process transmit and retrieve information 
+
+Fundamentals of computer operations 
+1.Input- process of entering data or instructions into the computer 
+Input devices included : keyboard, microphone,mouse, scanner 
+2.Processing  this is where the computer manipulates and transform data to process meaningful information using Central processing unit
+Importance of CPU architecture 
+a)ALU- handle numerical and logical operations 
+b)CU- orchestrates tasks, fetching and decoding instructions 
+c) Registers -functions include
+‌they hold data in the CPU which prevents it from being lost
+‌they offer temporal storage of data
+‌enable transfer of data from one point to another 
+
+3.Output devices which include the monitor,printer,speakers and projector 
+4.Storage 
+Primary storage
+RAM- temporary storage for active programs 
+ROM permanent memory that stores essential instruments 
+Secondary storage
+Hard disk,SSD,flash disk, memory card,CD/DVD 
+Role of operating system 
+Managing hardware 
+Running applications 
+Handling files
+Allocating memory
+Co-ordinating input and output 
+Ensuring security 
+
+COMPUTER HARDWARE BASICS
+It refers to physical parts of a computer system that you can see and touch 
+Input devices-used to enter data and instructions to the computer they include: keyboard,mouse, scanner, microphone,webcam, joystick.
+Output devices -display or produce results from the computer they include: monitor,printers, projector, speaker 
+Processing devices -it is the manipulation of data to produce Information.It is mainly done by the CPU
+Storage devices 
+‌ Primary storage - RAM- temporary storage for active programs 
+-ROM- permanent memory that stores essential instructions 
+Secondary storage - hard disk,SSD,flash disk, memory card, CD/DVD
+Communication device 
+Enable data transfer between computers they include modern, network interface card,WiFi adapter 
+Internal components of a computer 
+Motherboard - connects all components and allows communication between them
+CPU-process and manipulate data to process information 
+RAM-stores data and instructions temporarily 
+Power supply unit-supplies electrical power to the computer 
+Hard disk drice- uses magnetic platter to store data permanently 
+Cooling system - prevents overheating by cooling 
+         COMPUTER SOFTWARE BASICS 
+It refers to the program instructions and data unit that tell a computer what to do
+‌microsoft excel- a spreadsheet program used to enter, organise,analyse and calculate data using columns and formulas
+‌microsoft access- database management system used to store , organise retrieve and manage data 
+‌python- is a high level general purpose programming language 
+          Python libraries include: numpy,pandas matplotlib, seaborne and plotly 
+1.Numpy-used for numerical computing.It is imported as np 
+2.Pandas-used for data manipulation and analysis.It is imported as pd
+3.matplotlib-is the foundation of data visualization in python.It is imported ply
+4.seaborn-is a python data visualization library built on top of matplotlib designed to make plot more attractive and easier to create .It is imported as sns
+5.plotly-is a library for creating interactive and visually appealing plots.It is imported as px
+
+
+DATA AND DATA FILES
+Data- raw facts and figures that have not yet been processed 
+Data files-are digital container used to store structures for future processing 
+Information -is processed data that is meaningful and useful 
+Types of data files
+1 text files
+2.binary files 
+3.documeny files
+4.spreadsheet files
+5.database files
+Advantage of data and data files in statics
+1.easy storage and organisation 
+2.fast retrieval
+3.easy sharing and transfer
+4.improved accuracy 
+Limitation of data and data files
+Corruption risk
+Risk of loss 
+Version control problems
+Compatibility issues 
+
+DISK STORAGE FUNDAMENTALS 
+Secondary storage devices that permanently stored datastorage devices that permanently stored data
+Storage measurements 
+Bit-0 or 1 
+Bytes- 8 bits
+Kilobytes-1024bytes
+Megabytes-1024KB
+Gigabyte -1024MB
+Terabytes -1024GB
+Importance - storage drives determine data access speed ,realibility and system performance 
+Applications - used in backup system cloud storage database , enterprise serves multimedia libraries and personal computer.