Obstacle Avoiding and Automation Bot using Computer Vision

This project demonstrates how to build an obstacle-avoiding robot using an Arduino, ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), motor driver (L298N), and DC motors. The robot detects obstacles in its path using the ultrasonic sensor and changes direction to avoid collisions.

Features

• Obstacle Avoidance: Uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and adjust direction.
• Randomized Turn: Chooses between turning left or right when an obstacle is encountered.
• Automation Bot: Designed for basic navigation without human intervention.

Components

1. Arduino Uno (or any Arduino-compatible board)
2. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor (for distance measurement)
3. L298N Motor Driver
4. Two DC Motors
5. Power Supply (Battery for the motors)
6. Robot Chassis
7. Wiring & connectors

Circuit Diagram

• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor:
  • VCC → 5V
  • GND → GND
  • Trig → Arduino Pin 9
  • Echo → Arduino Pin 10
• L298N Motor Driver:
  • Motor A:
    • ENA (Enable A) → Arduino Pin 5 (PWM)
    • IN1 → Arduino Pin 2
    • IN2 → Arduino Pin 3
  • Motor B:
    • ENB (Enable B) → Arduino Pin 6 (PWM)
    • IN3 → Arduino Pin 4
    • IN4 → Arduino Pin 7
  • Power → External Battery
  • GND → Arduino GND

How It Works

1. Obstacle Detection:

   • The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor continuously checks the distance to obstacles.
   • If the distance is greater than the defined safe threshold, the robot moves forward.
   • If the distance is less than the threshold, the robot stops and turns either left or right randomly.

2. Motor Control:

   • The L298N motor driver controls two DC motors, enabling forward, backward, left, and right movement.
   • The Arduino generates PWM signals to control the speed of the motors via the ENA and ENB pins.

Code Explanation

• The Arduino code is designed to:
  • Continuously measure the distance using the ultrasonic sensor.
  • Control the motors using the L298N motor driver based on the obstacle distance.
  • Randomly choose to turn left or right when an obstacle is detected.

// Core Arduino code
long getDistance();           // Measures the distance using the HC-SR04 sensor
void moveForward();           // Moves the robot forward
void stopMoving();            // Stops the robot's motion
void turnLeft();              // Turns the robot to the left
void turnRight();             // Turns the robot to the right
void loop();                  // Main loop checks distance and adjusts movement